Current Drug Trends Among Youth. Investigator J.J. Pedersen Nebraska State Patrol

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1 Current Drug Trends Among Youth Investigator J.J. Pedersen Nebraska State Patrol

2 Inv. J.J. Pedersen Nebraska State Patrol Troop C, Grand Island Investigative Services Drug Division BA 2006, C.J., UNL Joined NSP years in Traffic Services (Lexington) 2 years in Drug Division (Lexington, Grand Island) Drug Recognition Expert Instructor

3 Open Forum Feel free to asks questions Share experiences *I don t claim to know it all; I m simply sharing what I ve learned and experienced in my career.

4 Objectives Analyze current trends involving youth drug use in the United States Inspect types of drugs being used by today s youth Identify methods of drug use

5 Current Trends in Youth Drug Use In 2013, 8.8% of youth aged 12 to 17 were current illicit drug users Highest percentage of current drug users among youth continues to be Marijuana (7.1%) Nonmedical users of psychotherapeutic drugs (2.2%) Hallucinogens (0.6%) Inhalants (0.5%) Cocaine (0.2%) Heroin (0.1%) 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services)

6 Current Trends in Youth Drug Use By 12 th grade, about half of youth have used an illicit drug at least once. (Substance Abuse, Office of Adolescent Health) In 2014, 27.2% of youth in the 8 th, 10 th and 12 th grades have used illicit drugs within the past year. (National Institute on Drug Abuse)

7 2014 s Monitoring the Future survey of drug use and attitudes among American 8th, 10th, and 12th graders National Institute on Drug Abuse

8 MARIJUANA

9 Marijuana or Cannabis Overview Derived primarily from various species of Cannabis plants Primary psychoactive ingredient is Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Synthetic Cannabinoid Products Synthetic cannabinoid products typically include: Olive colored herbs; Combination of herbs; Plant materials; All

10 Synthetic Cannabinoid Products Synthetic cannabinoid products typically include: Olive colored herbs; Combination of herbs; Plant materials; All enhanced with a delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) synthetic analog When smoked, synthetic cannabinoid products mimic the hallucinogenic effects of marijuana

11 Synthetic Cannabinoid Products Effects Panic attacks Agitation Tachycardia (range of 110 to 150 BPM) Elevated blood pressure Anxiety Pallor Numbness and tingling

12 Marijuana Derivatives Hash BHO Honey oil Candies & pop THC infused

13 Marijuana Derivatives Ear Wax THC leached with butane Kief Crystals physically separated

14 Ingestion Smoked Orally

15 MARIJUANA Signs of Use: Bloodshot eyes, odor of marijuana, dilated pupils, dry mouth, impaired motor skills, sweating, distracted or easily confused, and talkative. General Effects: Elevated heart rate, blood pressure, body tremors, eyelid tremors, increased respiratory rate, increased appetite, decreased skin temperature, and relaxed feeling. Long Term: Cancer of lungs, mouth, and throat; respiratory disease, heart attack, stroke, stomach ulcers, tolerance and psychological/physical dependence may occur as well as impaired short-term memory.

16 Pharmacological Effects Relaxation Euphoria Relaxed inhibitions Disorientation Altered time and distance perception Sedation

17 MARIJUANA

18 Inhalants

19 Subcategories of Inhalants Volatile solvents Aerosols Anesthetic gases

20 Volatile Solvents Fingernail polish remover Household cements and glue Lighter fluid Petroleum products Plastic cement Gasoline Kerosene

21 Volatile Solvents (Cont.) Dry cleaning fluids Paints (particularly oil or solvent based) Paint thinners Spray paints Liquid correction fluid Engine degreasers

22 Abused Aerosols Hair sprays Deodorants Insecticides Glass chillers (freeze spray) Vegetable frying pan lubricants

23 Anesthetic Gases Abolish Pain Ether Nitrous Oxide

24 Anesthetic Gases Do Not Abolish Pain Amyl Nitrite Butyl Nitrite (Isobutyl Nitrite)

25 INHALANTS Signs and Symptoms: Paint or other stains on face, hands, or clothing. Hidden empty spray paint or solvent containers and chemical-soaked rags or clothing, strong chemical odors on breath or clothing, slurred speech, red or runny nose, sores or rash around the nose or mouth, lack of coordination, inattentiveness, drunk or disoriented appearance. General Effects: Most inhalants produce a rapid high that resembles alcohol intoxication with initial excitation, then drowsiness, disinhibition, lightheadedness, and agitation. If sufficient amounts are inhaled, nearly all solvents and gases produce anesthesia, a loss of sensation, and even unconsciousness. Long Term Effects: Lung damage, weight loss, muscle weakness, disorientation, inattentiveness, lack of coordination, irritability, and depression.

26 Dissociative Anesthetics

27 PCP and Analogs Methods of Ingestion Smoking

28 PCP and Analogs Methods of Ingestion (Cont.) Insufflation (inhaling; snorting) Orally Injection Eyedropper Transdermal absorption

29 Dextromethorphan (DXM) Synthetically produced Found in numerous over the counter cough and cold products

30 General Indicators Increased heart rate and blood pressure Body temperature above normal Rigid Muscle Tone Blank Stare Non-communicative Confused Possible violent Hallucinations Slurred Repetitive Speech

31 Methamphetamine

32 METHAMPHETAMINE Signs and Symptoms: Dilated pupils, sweating, dry mouth, very talkative, flushed skin, tremors, and dry mouth. General Effects: Elevated heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate; decreased appetite, alertness, aggression, paranoia, depression, and irritability. At high doses, it may produce hallucinations or delusions. Long Term Effects: Malnutrition, psychosis, kidney & other tissue damage. Severe withdrawal symptoms. Aggressive behavior, violence, memory loss, cardiac and neurological damage, anxiety, and auditory hallucinations.

33 METHAMPHETAMINE How is methamphetamine used? Smoked - glass pipe, light bulb (tempered glass), or tin foil Injected - syringes Inhaled - snorted into the nose using pen tubes, straws, dollar bills Ingested - pill form

34 METHAMPHETAMINE

35 COCAINE

36 COCAINE Signs and Symptoms: Blurred vision, twitching, chest pain/pressure, and fever. General Effects: Elevated heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate; decreased appetite, alertness, aggression, paranoia, depression, respiratory failure, nausea, abdominal pain, strokes seizures, headaches, blurred vision, and irritability. At high doses, cocaine may produce hallucinations or delusions. Long Term: Strong psychological dependence and varying degrees of physical tolerance, eating disorders, impotence, seizures, strokes, severe withdrawal symptoms, malnutrition, and permanent damage to nasal passage.

37 COCAINE How is cocaine used? Smoked - glass pipe, light bulb (tempered glass), or tin foil Injected - syringes Inhaled - snorted into the nose using pen tubes, straws, dollar bills Ingested placed in drinks

38 COCAINE

39 HEROIN

40 HEROIN

41 HEROIN Signs of Use: Constricted pupils, droopy eyelids, watery eyes, clammy or itchy skin, loss of appetite, sniffles, cough, nausea, lethargy, drowsiness, nodding, and scars caused by infections. General Effects: Lowered heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate, poor concentration, lowered body temperature, decreased sexual drive, and an intense euphoria that is very short in duration. Long Term Effects: Physical and Psychological dependence and physical tolerance; mood swings, severe constipation, menstrual irregularities, lung damage, skin infections, seizures, and coma.

42 HEROIN How is heroin used? Smoked - glass pipe, light bulb (tempered glass) Injected - syringes Inhaled - snorted into the nose using pen tubes, straws, dollar bills Injecting heroin is the preferred method due to an immediate rush. Although smoking and sniffing are possible they do not produce the rush as quickly or Intensely as injecting.

43 LSD & MUSHROOMS

44 LSD & MUSHROOMS Signs of Use: Dilated pupils, sweating, dry mouth, abnormal laughter, distracted and rapid reflexes. General Effects: Varying degrees of illusions, hallucinations, disorientation, impaired coordination, higher body temperature, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, tremors, delusions and confusion. LSD can cause elevated heart rate, blood pressure, extreme mood swings and impaired short-term memory. The user s sense of time and self changes. Sensations may seem to cross over, giving the user the feeling of hearing colors and seeing sounds. These changes can be frightening and can cause panic. Long Term: Physical tolerance and psychological dependence, prolonged depression, anxiety, and flashbacks.

45 LSD & MUSHROOMS How are LSD and mushrooms used? LSD Ingested pill form (microdots), gelatin squares (window panes), blotter paper, and liquid drops on the tongue or in the eye MUSHROOMS Ingested eaten plain or chocolate covered

46 Questions? Inv. J.J. Pedersen NSP Troop C Grand Island Task Force James.pedersen@nebraska.gov

SESSION XXIV DRUG COMBINATIONS

SESSION XXIV DRUG COMBINATIONS HS172A R01/10 1 SESSION XXIV DRUG COMBINATIONS Upon successfully completing this session the student will be able to: o o o o Explain the prevalence of polydrug use among