Table 1. Location of research sites by landscape region. NDOR Landscape Region Location Year of seeding
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1 Table 1. Location of research sites by landscape region. NDOR Landscape Region Location Year of seeding A B C D F Creighton (Highway 59) 1998 Plainview (Highway 20) 1994 Aurora (Highway 34) 1998 Jansen (Highway 136) 1992 Arnold (Highway 92) 1998 Ragan (Highway 4) 1995 Crookston (Highway 20) 1991 Nenzel (Highway 20) 1993 Chadron (Highway 20) 1993 N- 71 (Highway 88) 1996
2 Figure 1. Location of study sites within landscape regions, as depicted by color.
3 Table 2. Seeded species on backslope locations at Creighton, Jansen, Arnold, Nenzel and Chadron. Landscape Region Species A (Creighton) B (Jansen) C (Arnold) D (Nenzel) F (Chadron) Big Bluestem Blackeyed Susan Blanket Flower Blue Flax Canada Wildrye Crested Wheatgrass Dames Rocket Evening Primrose False Sunflower Grayhead Prairie Coneflower Hairy Vetch Indiangrass Intermediate Wheatgrass Lance- leaved Coreopsis Leadplant Little Bluestem Maximillian Sunflower Mexican Red- Hat Oats Ox- Eye Daisy Partridge Pea Pitcher Sage Plains Coreopsis Prairie Sandreed Pubsecent Wheatgrass Purple Prairie Clover Red Clover Reed Canarygrass Rocky Mountain Penstemon Rye Sand Bluestem Sand Dropseed Sand Lovegrass Shell- leaf Penstemon Sideoats Grama Sweetclover Switchgrass Upright Prairie Coneflower Western Wheatgrass
4 Table 3. Expected rank and actual rank for seeded species at the Jansen backslope, June (Some non- seeded species were expected to invade and establish on the site.) Species Expected Rank Actual Rank Little Bluestem 1 4 Intermediate Wheatgrass 2 2 Indiangrass 3 6 Switchgrass 4 5 Sideoats Grama Grayhead Coneflower Non-seeded species 7 1 Red Clover 8 3 Other seeded grasses 9 8 Purple Coneflower Blackeyed Susan Other seeded forbs 12 7 Partridge Pea Plains Coreopsis Hairy Vetch Dames Rocket
5 Table 4. Relative species composition of shoulder sites in Nebraska for all landscape regions. Species Seeding Rate (lbs of PLS/acre) June 2008 August 2008 June 2009 August 2009 % Seeded Western Wheatgrass 4 to Blue Grama Buffalograss 3 to Tall Fescue 8 to Birdsfoot Trefoil 4 to Oats Perennial Rye 8 to Non-seeded Downy Brome Kentucky Bluegrass Intermediate Wheatgrass Sand Dropseed Smooth Bromegrass Warm-Season Tall Grasses Kochia Russian Thistle Western Ragweed Other Grasses and Forbs
6 Table 5. Relative ground cover of shoulder sites in Nebraska for all landscape regions based on MSP method June August June August % Litter Bare Ground Plant Hits
7 Table 6. Relative species composition by standing crop of shoulder sites in Nebraska, August 2009, based on weight. Species Landscape Region Seeding Rate (lbs of PLS/acre) A B C D F % Seeded Western Wheatgrass 4 to Blue Grama Buffalograss 3 to 6 0 b 1.7 b 26.6 a 0 b 13.5 b Tall Fescue 8 to b 20.4 a 12.4 b 0 b 0 b Birdsfoot Trefoil 4 to Oats Perennial Rye 8 to Non-seeded Downy Brome Kentucky Bluegrass 21.8 a 2.0 b 5.4 b 5.3 b 0.8 b Intermediate Wheatgrass Sand Dropseed Smooth Bromegrass 31.1 a 0.9 b 27.2 a 16.6 b 7.7 b Warm Season Tall Grasses 2.1 b 36.0 a 3.3 b 46.2 a 4.7 b Kochia and Russian Thistle Western Ragweed Other Grasses and Forbs
8 Table 7. Kendall s tau rank correlation scores based on MSP. Region Site June 2008 August 2008 June 2009 August 2009 A Creighton * * Plainview B Aurora * * * * Jansen * * * * C Arnold Ragan D Crookston Nenzel * * * * F Chadron N *Indicates significant correlation (p=0.05)
9 Table 8. Comparison of the actual and expected rank order at Aurora backslope location based on MSP. Species Expected Rank June 2008 Actual Rank August June August 2009 Little Bluestem Intermediate Wheatgrass Indiangrass Switchgrass Sideoats Grama Grayhead Coneflower Red Clover Other Seeded Grasses Purple Coneflower Blackeyed Susan Other Seeded Forbs Partridge Pea Plains Coreopsis Hairy Vetch Dames Rocket
10 Table 9. Comparison of the actual and expected rank order at Jansen backslope location based on MSP. Actual Rank Species Expected Rank June 2008 August 2008 June 2009 August 2009 Little Bluestem Intermediate Wheatgrass Indiangrass Switchgrass Sideoats Grama Grayhead Coneflower Red Clover Other Seeded Grasses Purple Coneflower Blackeyed Susan Other Seeded Forbs Partridge Pea Plains Coreopsis Hairy Vetch Dames Rocket
11 Table 10. Comparison of the actual and expected rank order at Creighton backslope location based on MSP. Actual Rank Species Expected Rank June 2008 August 2009 Little Bluestem Indiangrass Intermediate Wheatgrass Other seeded grasses Other Forbs Switchgrass Pitcher Sage Red Clover Partridge Pea Dames Rocket
12 Table 11. Comparison of the actual and expected rank order at Nenzel backslope location based on MSP. Species Expected Rank June 2008 Actual Rank August June August 2009 Switchgrass Little Bluestem Prairie Sandreed Sand Bluestem Sand Dropseed Western Wheatgrass Sand Lovegrass Sweetclover Hairy Vetch Rye
13 Table 12. Relative species composition of Plainview backslope, Region A, based on MSP. Species June 2008 August 2008 June 2009 August 2009 % Seeded Big Bluestem Eastern Gamagrass Indiangrass Intermediate Wheatgrass Little Bluestem Switchgrass Pitcher sage Wild Rose Non-seeded Canada Goldenrod Other Grasses and Forbs
14 Table 13. Relative species composition of Creighton backslope, Region A, based on MSP. Species June 2008 August 2008 June 2009 August 2009 % Seeded Big Bluestem Indiangrass Intermediate Wheatgrass Little Bluestem Switchgrass Red Clover Other Seeded Forbs Non-seeded Tall Fescue Orchardgrass Other Grasses and Forbs
15 Table 14. Relative species composition of Aurora backslopes, Region B, based on MSP. Species June 2008 August 2008 June 2009 August 2009 % Seeded Big Bluestem Indiangrass Intermediate Wheatgrass Little Bluestem Sideoats Grama Switchgrass Grayhead Coneflower Maximillian Sunflower Red Clover Non-seeded Tall Fescue Orchardgrass Other Grasses and Forbs
16 Table 15. Relative species composition of Jansen backslopes, Region B, based on MSP. Species June 2008 August 2008 June 2009 August 2009 % Seeded Big Bluestem Indiangrass Intermediate Wheatgrass Little Bluestem Sideoats Grama Switchgrass Black-eyed Susan Grayhead Coneflower Maximillian Sunflower Non-seeded Western Wheatgrass Carex sp Bindweed Stiff Sunflower Other Grasses and Forbs
17 Table 16. Relative species composition of Arnold backslope, Region C, based on MSP. Species June 2008 August 2008 June 2009 August 2009 % Seeded Indiangrass Intermediate Wheatgrass Little Bluestem Sideoats Grama Switchgrass Western Wheatgrass Non-seeded American Deervetch Big Bluestem Lemon Scurfpea Prairie Sandreed Sand Dropseed Scribner's Panicum Carex sp Western Ragweed Other Grasses and Forbs
18 Table 17. Relative species composition of Ragan backslope, Region C, based on MSP. Species June 2008 August 2008 June 2009 August 2009 % Seeded Indiangrass Little Bluestem Switchgrass Western Wheatgrass Sweetclover Upright Prairie Coneflower Non-seeded Big Bluestem Prairie Cordgrass Stiff Sunflower Other Grasses and Forbs
19 Table 18. Relative species composition of Nenzel backslope, Region D, based on MSP. Species June 2008 August 2008 June 2009 August 2009 % Seeded Little Bluestem Prairie Sandreed Sand Bluestem Sand Dropseed Sand Lovegrass Switchgrass Non-Seeded Fourpoint Eveningprimrose Green Sagewort Indiangrass Lemon Scurfpea Missouri Goldenrod Purple Prairie Clover Prairie Junegrass Carex sp Six-weeks Fescue Western Ragweed Other Grasses and Forbs
20 Table 19. Relative species composition of Crookston backslopes, region D, based on MSP. Species June 2008 August 2008 June 2009 August 2009 % Seeded Little Bluestem Prairie Sandreed Sand Bluestem Sand Dropseed Sand Lovegrass Switchgrass Western Wheatgrass Non-Seeded Annual Sunflower Carex sp Clammy Groundcherry Cudweed Sagewort Downy Brome Intermediate Wheatgrass Needleandthread Prairie Junegrass Six-weeks Fescue Wild Rose Western Rageweed Other Grasses and Forbs
21 Table 20. Relative species composition of Chadron backslopes, region F, based on MSP. Species June 2008 August 2008 June 2009 August 2009 % Seeded Blue Grama Crested Wheatgrass Little Bluestem Pubescent Wheatgrass Sideoats Grama Western Wheatgrass Purple Prairie Clover Non-seeded Downy Brome Sand Dropseed Western Ragweed White Clover Yellow Sweetclover Other Grasses and Forbs
22 Table 21. Relative species composition of N- 71 backslopes, Region F, based on MSP. Species June 2008 August 2008 June 2009 August 2009 % Seeded Crested Wheatgrass Little Bluestem Pubescent Wheatgrass Sideoats Grama Western Wheatgrass Purple Prairie Clover Non-seeded Downy Brome Sand Dropseed Curlycup Gumweed Russian Thistle Slender Greenthread Snow-on-the-Mountian Western Ragweed Kochia Yellow Sweetclover Other Grasses and Forbs
23 Table 22. Kendall s tau rank correlation based on species composition by weight in August, Region Site August 2009 A Creighton Plainview B Aurora * Jansen * C Arnold Ragan D Crookston Nenzel * F Chadron N *Indicates significant correlation
24 Table 23. Comparison of the actual and expected rank order at Aurora backslope location, based on weight during August, Species Expected Rank Actual Rank Little Bluestem 1 6 Indiangrass 2 1 Switchgrass 3 5 Intermediate Wheatgrass 4 4 Partridge Pea Grayhead Coneflower Red Clover 7 3 Other Seeded Forbs 8 2 Hairy Vetch Purple Coneflower Other Seeded Grasses Sideoats Grama 12 7 Blackeyed Susan Dames Rocket Plains Coreopsis
25 Table 24. Comparison of the actual and expected rank order at Jansen backslope location, based on weight during August, Species Expected Rank Actual Rank Little Bluestem 1 9 Indiangrass 2 5 Switchgrass 3 3 Intermediate Wheatgrass 4 1 Partridge Pea 5 14 Grayhead Coneflower 6 8 Red Clover 7 7 Other Seeded Forbs 8 2 Hairy Vetch 9 14 Purple Coneflower Other Seeded Grasses 11 4 Sideoats Grama 12 6 Blackeyed Susan Dames Rocket Plains Coreopsis 15 14
26 Table 25. Comparison of the actual and expected rank order at Nenzel backslope location, based on weight during August, Species Expected Rank Actual Rank Little Bluestem 1 1 Switchgrass 2 2 Prairie Sandreed 3 7 Western Wheatgrass 4 10 Sand Bluestem 5 3 Sweetclover 6 10 Hairy Vetch 7 6 Sand Lovegrass 8 5 Sand Dropseed 9 4 Rye 10 10
27 Table 26. Relative species composition of Plainview backslopes, Region A, based on weight. Species August 2009 % Seeded 98.7 Eastern Gammagrass 50.4 Indiangrass 0.5 Switchgrass 38.4 Pitcher sage 5.1 Wildrose 4.3 Non-seeded 1.3 Other Grasses and Forbs 1.3
28 Table 27. Relative species composition of Creighton backslopes, Region A, based on weight. Species August 2009 % Seeded 26.2 Big Bluestem 7.5 Indiangrass 0.6 Intermediate Wheatgrass 1.4 Little Bluestem 5.0 Switchgrass 8.1 Purple Prairie Clover 1.3 Red Clover 2.3 Non-seeded 73.8 Orchardgrass 8.3 Tall Fescue 45.0 Timothy 11.6 Other Grasses and Forbs 9.0
29 Table 28. Relative species composition of Aurora backslopes, Region B, based on weight. Species August 2009 % Seeded 33.4 Indiangrass 18.0 Intermediate Wheatgrass 2.2 Little Bluestem 1.0 Sideoats Grama 0.7 Switchgrass 1.0 Maximillian Sunflower 6.6 Red Clover 3.9 Non-seeded 66.6 Tall Fescue 38.8 Orchardgrass 25.6 Other Grasses and Forbs 2.2
30 Table 29. Relative species composition of Jansen backslopes, Region B, based on weight. Species August 2009 % Seeded 96.5 Big Bluestem 12.3 Indiangrass 6.0 Intermediate Wheatgrass 26.5 Little Bluestem 0.6 Sideoats Grama 2.3 Switchgrass 20.9 Blackeyed Susan 0.3 Dames Rocket 0.0 Grayhead Coneflower 1.7 Hairy Vetch 0.0 Maximillian Sunflower 23.2 Red Clover 1.9 Non-seeded 4.5 Other Grasses and Forbs 4.5
31 Table 30. Relative species composition of Arnold backslopes, Region C, based on weight. Species August 2009 % Seeded 86.6 Indiangrass 1.3 Intermediate Wheatgrass 2.0 Little Bluestem 2.9 Switchgrass 77.2 Sideoats Grama 2.2 Purple Prairie Clover 1.1 Non-seeded 13.4 Other Grasses and Forbs 13.4
32 Table 31. Relative species composition of Ragan backslopes, Region C, based on weight. Species August 2009 % Seeded 74.1 Indiangrass 38.2 Little Bluestem 3.5 Switchgrass 32.4 Non-seeded 26.9 Big Bluestem 21.9 Other grasses and forbs 4.2
33 Table 32. Relative species composition of Nenzel backslopes, Region D, based on weight. Species August 2009 % Seeded 64.0 Hairy Vetch 0.6 Little Bluestem 43.7 Prairie Sandreed 0.3 Sand Bluestem 7.3 Sand Dropseed 3.2 Sand Lovegrass 1.3 Sweetclover 0.0 Switchgrass 7.6 Non-seeded 36.0 American Licorice 5.5 Clammy Groundcherry 6.9 Pitcher Sage 4.6 Prairie Junegrass 10.1 Other Grasses and Forbs 9.1
34 Table 33. Relative species composition of Crookston backslopes, Region D, based on weight. Species August 2009 % Seeded 40.7 Little Bluestem 0.5 Sand Bluestem 14.3 Sand Dropseed 4.0 Sand Lovegrass 7.6 Switchgrass 14.3 Non-seeded 59.3 American Licorice 10.6 Cudweed Sagewort 5.2 Wild Rose 11.1 Needleandthread 10.4 Prairie Junegrass 10.1 Other Grasses and Forbs 11.9
35 Table 34. Relative species composition of Chadron backslopes, Region F, based on weight. Species August 2009 % Seeded 95.6 Crested Wheatgrass 1.3 Little Bluestem 37.8 Pubescent Wheatgrass 32.6 Sideoats Grama 18.7 Western Wheatgrass 3.6 Purple Prairie clover 1.6 Non-seeded 4.4 Other Grasses and Forbs 4.4
36 Table 35. Relative species composition of N- 71 backslopes, Region F, based on weight. Species August 2009 Seeded 30.7 Crested Wheatgrass 7.6 Little Bluestem 3.2 Pubescent Wheatgrass 15.6 Purple Prairie clover 2.9 Sideoats Grama 1.4 Non-seeded 69.3 Annual Sunflower 6.9 Downy Brome 8.7 Curlycup Gumweed 6.2 Fringed Sagebrush 7.8 Prairie Sandreed 10.4 Sand Dropseed 16.1 Other Grasses and Forbs 13.3 %
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