Dr Nadine Gravett School of Anatomical Sciences Room 2B10B
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1 Dr Nadine Gravett School of Anatomical Sciences Room 2B10B
2 Oral cavity Mechanical breakdown Formation of bolus Oesophagus Conduit from mouth to stomach Stomach Digestion Temporary storage Intestine Digestion Absorption Colon Temporary storage Absorption
3 REMEMBER THE GENERAL 4 LAYERED PATTERN Submucosa Muscularis Externa Lumen Epithelium Lamina Propria Serosa or Adventitia Muscularis Mucosa
4
5 Muscularis Externa Lumen Mucosa Adventitia Submucosa
6 Lumen MUCOSA Mucosa Very folded E: Stratified squamous non-keratinized LP: Nodular lymphatic tissue BV Oesophageal cardiac glands MM: Thick SINGLE layer Gland SUBMUCOSA DICT Deep oesophageal mucous glands Diffuse and Nodular Lymphatic tissue IC Submucosa Duct MUSCULARIS EXTERNA Prox 1/3 Skeletal Middle 1/3 Skeletal + Smooth Distal 1/3 Smooth ADVENTITIA Exception: Abdominal cavity SEROSA Muscularis Externa OL Myenteric Plexus Adventitia
7
8 Ross and Pawlina: Histology A Text and Atlas. 6 th Edition (2011)
9 Lumen MUCOSA Rugae and Mamillated Areas Gastric Pits Glands E: Surface Mucous Cells LP: Areas around gastric pits and glands Smooth muscle cells MM: Thin SUBMUCOSA MUSCULARIS EXTERNA 3 Layers : IO / MC / OL Arrangement FUNCTIONALLY important SEROSA Surface Mucosa Mucous Cells LP Mucosa Surface Mucous Cells LP Gastric Pit LP Gastric Glands Lymphatic Nodule Gastric Glands Gastric Pit MM Submucosa Lumen
10 Glands of the Gastric Mucosa
11 CARDIAC GLANDS PYLORIC GLANDS Simple tubular glands Tortuous & occasionally branched Mucous secretion Highly branched, coiled tubular glands Mucous secretion Images: Ross and Pawlina: Histology A Text and Atlas. 6 th Edition (2011)
12 Simple, branched tubular Produce gastric juice 4 main cell types Mucus neck cells Chief cells Parietal cells Enteroendocrine cells Ross and Pawlina: Histology A Text and Atlas. 6 th Edition (2011)
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17 Lumen Lumen Submucosa Mucosa Muscularis Externa Serosa
18 THE SMALL INTESTINE IS HIGHLY FOLDED INCREASE SA FOR ABSORPTION WE SEE FOLDING OF THE: o SUBMUCOSA PLICAE CIRCULARES o MUCOSA VILLI o APICAL SURFACE OF EPITHALIAL CELLS MICROVILLI
19 PLICA CIRCULARES VILLI MICROVILLI
20 MUCOSA Extremely folded - Villi E: Simple Columnar Epithelium with Striated/Microvilli Border LP: Extends into Villi and surrounds intestinal glands MM: Thin Intestinal Glands / Crypts of Lieberkuhn Simple tubular gland Opens at base of Villus Lymphatic Nodules Peyer s Patches Lumen LP LP LP LP Submucosa
21
22 MUCOSAL EPITHELIUM Simple Columnar Epithelium with Microvilli Maximizes SA for absorption Goblet cells Alkaline glycoprotein Protection and lubrication Enteroendocrine cells Hormones and hormone-like substances CCK, Secretin, Motilin, GIP Paneth cells Lysosomal and bacteristatic enzymes Immunological function M Cells Antigen transporting cells
23 SUBMUCOSA Brunner s Glands Simple, branched tubular Alkaline mucous Neutralization of chyme Ducts open into lumen of Intestinal Glands MUSCULARIS EXTERNA SEROSA/ADVENTITIA Lumen Brunner s Glands Submucosa Mucosa Myenteric Plexus IC Muscularis Externa OL Serosa
24 Brunner s Glands Ducts Brunner s Glands Secretory End-pieces Intestinal Glands Meissner s Plexus MUCOSA SUBMUCOSA ME
25
26 Lumen Teniae coli Serosa
27 Lumen MUCOSA Smooth surface Intestinal glands Epithelium: Columnar absorptive cells Goblet cells LP: Additional features Collagen table Pericryptal fibroblast sheath GALT Lymphatic vessels MM: Thin Intestinal Glands MM GALT LP Mucosa SUBMUCOSA ME - Tenaie Coli Submucosa Serosa/Adventitia
28 Histological structure of GIT Pattern of GIT Similarities & differences Relate structure to function!!!
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Chapter 14 The Digestive System and Nutrition Digestive System Brings Nutrients Into the Body The digestive system includes Gastrointestinal (GI) tract (hollow tube) Lumen: space within this tube Includes
HUMAN NUTRITION: ABSORPTION & ASSIMILATION 14 MAY 2014
HUMAN NUTRITION: ABSORPTION & ASSIMILATION 14 MAY 2014 In this lesson, we: Absorption Lesson Description Examine and understand absorption Define absorption and describe where it occurs Study the structure