Lionel s News. Maart/March th Edition. P a g e Dear Business Partner

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1 Maart/March th Edition Lionel s News Dear Business Partner As our valued customer we give you access to interesting and helpful articles that will assist you in getting the most out of your farming business. In this month s issue there is articles on the vaccination of sows and we also concentrate on calf feeding, rearing of the high producing cow and the cause of high Bactoscan counts. We hope that you also find the products advertised useful. You are welcome to contact the sales representative in your region for any further details on advertised products. All contact details are included at the end of this newsletter. You can also read more about our sales representatives since we are putting a short description of our friendly staff at the end of every edition. Then we would like to give a warm welcome to all new staff who started their journey with Lionel s Vet during the past month. May they have a long future within our company. Thank you for your continuous loyalty. Feel free to contact us if you have any specific topics you would like us to cover in our future editions. Your inputs are welcome. Many thanks to all our loyal customers. Going forward, we hope to bring you more exciting products/services and the best possible customer experience available. Visit our website: info@lionelsvet.co.za ; Tel: (021) P a g e 1 23

2 Exploring the benefits of PCV-2 blanket vaccination in sows Vaccination of sows against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) has been shown to be a successful prophylactic measure aimed at fighting the PCV-2-associated diseases affecting their offspring, with abundant references on the subject. However, there are few published studies that describe the benefits of vaccination for the sow itself as a result of the prevention of the PCV-2-associated reproductive disease. Likewise, blanket vaccination of sows against this pathogen is a strategy that may be of interest in field conditions, although there is no existing literature describing its effects. The fact that reproductive problems associated with PCV-2 depend on the time of infection of the foetus during pregnancy (Table 1) emphasizes the relevance of the sow's immune status during this period. In this scenario, a study was conducted aimed at exploring the benefits of blanket vaccination in sows against PCV2 on their reproductive parameters and on the infectious and immunological status of their offspring. P a g e 2 23

3 Table 1. Reproductive problems associated with PCV-2 depending on the time of infection of the foetus during pregnancy (adapted from Madson and Opriessnig, 2011). Moment of infection of the fetus during Consequence in reproductive pregnancy parameters Embryonic death Regular returns Day 1-35 Pseudopregnancy Small litters Mummified fetuses Day Abortions Mummified fetuses Stillborn Day Weak piglets at birth Delayed farrowings Abortions The study was conducted on a conventional 1,200-sow farm located in Spain that was positive for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, PRRS positive stable, and negative for Aujeszky's disease. On the farm, there was no vaccination background against PCV- 2 in replacement gilts or sows. PCV-2 infection was present on the farm, having been detected in the serum of sows and in umbilical cords. A total of 288 sows were included in the study and allocated to 4 experimental groups balanced by parity, PCV-2 antibody levels and insemination week: 73 sows were vaccinated prior to their artificial insemination (pre-ai) with 1 ml (IM) of a PCV-2 commercial vaccine, 72 were vaccinated at mid-pregnancy, 73 were vaccinated at the end of gestation, and 70 received saline solution to act as a negative control (NV). Reproductive parameters were recorded, and umbilical cord blood samples were taken at the time of farrowing for the detection of PCV-2 in serum. Blood samples were later taken from 5 piglets of each sow at weaning with the aim of measuring the PCV- 2 antibody levels. Table 2. Summary of reproductive parameters. Group % mummified Piglet birth weight (mean ± % positive umbilical piglets standard deviation) cords to PCV2 V pre-ai 1.1% 1.63±0.39 kg 4% V mid-gestation 1.3% 1.67±0.38 kg 11% V end of gestation 1.8% 1.65±0.39 kg 12% NV 2.2% 1.59±0.37 kg 24% Group Stillborn piglets V pre-ai or midgestation 4.3% V end of gestation or NV 5.5% V: Vaccine; NV:Non-vaccinated group P a g e 3 23

4 The results obtained (Table 2) showed that: The average birth weight of the piglets born to the 3 groups of vaccinated sows was statistically higher than that of the piglets born to the unvaccinated sows. The percentage of mummified piglets tended to be lower in sows vaccinated pre-ai than in non-vaccinated sows. The percentage of stillborn piglets tended to be lower in sows vaccinated pre- AI or at mid-gestation when compared with sows vaccinated at the end of gestation or unvaccinated. The closer to the farrowing that the vaccination of the sows took place, the higher the percentage of umbilical cords positive to PCV-2, with the group of unvaccinated sows obtaining the highest percentage of positive cords. This percentage was statistically lower in the group vaccinated pre-ai compared to the unvaccinated group, and it tended to be lower in the group vaccinated at mid-pregnancy compared to the unvaccinated group. This result suggests that vaccination could reduce the transplacental transmission of the PCV-2 infection from the sows to the foetuses. In addition, this effect is higher the earlier the vaccination takes place during the gestation. Finally, the PCV-2 antibody levels at weaning of piglets from vaccinated sows were higher than those from unvaccinated sows. This result, together with the previous one, are of special relevance for growing piglets, since the vaccination of sows reduces the pressure of PCV-2 infection from a very early age (lactation) in their offspring, as well as increasing their passive immunity. - Originally posted on P a g e 4 23

5 Grootmaak van Kalwers Voor Speen Deel I: Belangrike konsepte om in ag te neem - Dr Heinri Spangenberg, Lionel s Vet Die grootmaak van kalwers en vervangingsverse is waarskynlik die belangrikste faset van suiwelboerdery en word in 3 artikels bespreek. Deel II sal meer fokus op kolostrumvoeding en Deel III op die implementering van n meer natuurlike kalfgrootmaakstelsel. Omdat veral op lakterende koeie gefokus word op suiwelplase, word belangrike dissiplines soos die droëkoei-, oorgangs- en kalfgrootmaakfases afgeskeep. Die korrekte grootmaak van vervangingsverse is n wetenskap op sy eie en is die finale fase waar die potensiaal van die toekomstige koei behoorlik vasgelê moet word. Dit is n proses wat reeds ongeveer 90 dae voordat bevrugting plaasvind begin en dus gedurende die droëopstoom- en vars-in-melkfases. Korrekte voeding en bestuur tydens die oorgangsfase, wat produserende koeie optimaal voorberei vir laktasie EN die ontwikkelende follikel en oösiet of eisel se genetiese potensiaal nie inhibeer nie, is n resep vir sukses. Voeding met die klem op reproduksie en kennis van hoë voeding epi-genetika beïnvloed is krities, m.a.w. veranderinge wat plaasvind in hoë gene uitgedruk word. Die veranderinge word deur nie-genetiese faktore of meganismes veroorsaak en is nie a.g.v. veranderinge in die onderliggende DNA volgorde nie. Dikwels het verkeerde voedingspraktyke soos om koeie baie hoog te laat piek, katastrofiese gevolge vir reproduksie. Dit is voedingkundig eenvoudig om koeie vinnig en hoog te laat piek, maar sonder die voedingkundige kennis om sulke hoog produserende koeie met die regte pakket voedingstowwe te ondersteun, kan baie skade berokken word. Gifstowwe beland in die follikulêre vloeistof en beskadig die oösiet. Die follikel kom gesond en normaal voor, maar bevat n swak kwaliteit of onderontwikkelde eisel wat moeilik bevrug raak. Indien dit wel bevrug raak vind normale embrio ontwikkeling nie plaas nie. Goeie eisel- en embriokwaliteit is dus n belangrike faktor om in ag te neem in hoog produserende kuddes. Duur semen Die algemene doel met versgrootmaak is om: Kuddeproduktiwiteit te verhoog d.m.v verhoogde ontginning van genetiese potensiaal vir kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe eienskappe van vervangingverse. Gesonde vervangingsverse te hê as basis vir hoë produksies oor die volle leeftyd en langslewendheid. Dit te doen teen redelike behuising-, arbeid-, veterinêre-, oorhoofse- en voedingskostes. Bestaande kalfgrootmaakpraktyke tot en met speen, is totaal ontoereikend ten einde die toekomstige koei se genetiese produksie- en reproduksievermoeëns optimaal te ontgin. Die algemene praktyk is dat kalwers se melkinname beperk word en dus onderwerp word aan onnatuurlike voedingstoestande. P a g e 5 23

6 Tabel 1: Doelwitte vir vervangingsverse Sub-Standaard Standaard Doelwit 56 dae Gewig geen Verdubbel massa 1.25 kg GDT Mortaliteit < 5% < 2.5% < 1% Morbiditeit < 25% < 10% < 2.5% 1ste kalf ouderdom mnde mnde mnde Die standaard teiken is om geboortemassa te verdubbel tot speen teen n gemiddelde daaglikse toename (GDT) van 710g/dag en is maklik haalbaar. Indien die kalf egter teen 1.25kg/dag kan groei, beteken dit 70kg toename oor 56 dae met n kalf van 110kg op 56 dae ouderdom. Die navorsing toon dat dit n merkbare effek op haar gesondheid, produksie en langslewendheid het. Data oor die afgelope 15 jaar toon duidelik dat die huidige kalfgrootmaakpraktyke van beperkte melkinname abnormaal of onnatuurlik is en selfs nie aan onderhoudsbehoeftes voldoen nie. Daar moet beduidend bokant onderhoudsbehoefte voorsien word om die kalf as langtermyn hoë produseerder voor te berei. Dit begin by voldoende kolostruminname waarsonder langtermyn prestasie geïnhibeer word. Volgens Tabel 2 het Bruin Switser kalwers wat 4 liter kolostrum ontvang het, in terme van alle parameters, baie beter gevaar as dié wat 2 liter ontvang het. Tabel 2: Effek van kolostruminname op diereprestasie tot einde 2de laktasie 2 liter Kolostrum 4 liter Kolostrum Kalwers (n) GDT (geboorte tot KI) Konsepsie ouderdom (mnde) Oorlewing tot einde 2de laktasie Melkproduksie tot einde 2de laktasie (liter) Die grafiek hiernaas toon dat hoe meer proteïen vir kalwers gevoer word, hoe groter is die spiergroei van kalwers. Volgens data uit onlangse navorsing is dit duidelik dat die hoeveelheid proteïen wat in spier omgesit word afplat by 28% dieetproteïen en indien die korrekte diëte voorsien word kan kalwers nie te vinnig groei tot speen nie. P a g e 6 23

7 Tabel 3: Voedingsbehoefte van 50 kg kalf onder neutrale temperatuur toestande m.a.w geen stress toestande. GDT (kg/d) DMI (% BW) ME (MJ/dag) RP (g/dag) RP (% DM) Verwagte VOV Verskeie belangrike beginsels word in Tabel 3 aangetoon. Eerstens benodig kalwers baie melkvastestowwe slegs om onderhoudsenergie te bevredig. n Kalf van 45kg onder termies neutrale toestande benodig ongeveer 7.32 MJ ME/dag vir onderhoud. Volmelk bevat ongeveer 22.5 MJ ME/kg vastestowwe, m.a.w n 45kg kalf benodig dus 325g vastestowwe of 2.5kg melk net vir onderhoud. Meeste melkvervangers bevat minder vet as volmelk en het dus minder ME per eenheid vastestowwe ( MJ/kg). Daarom sal n 45kg kalf ongeveer 380g melkpoeier of 3 liter gemengde melkvervanger vir onderhoud benodig. Vastestowwe bokant onderhoud kan dus vir groei gebruik word. Nuutste data toon egter dat n 45kg kalf 454g vastestowwe benodig vir onderhoud onder termies neutrale toestande. Die behoefte vermeerder egter dramaties na 590g by 0 0 C en 726g by -9 0 C m.a.w wanneer stress toestande verhoog. Tweedens is dit duidelik dat kalwers positief reageer op verhoogde inname van melk of melkvervanger en daarom moet kalwers meer melk of melkvervanger gevoer word, of in die geval van ouer kalwers, meer aanvangsmeel vreet om vinniger te groei. Derdens is dit duidelik dat die dieetproteïenkonsentrasie van kalwers relatief laag is vir onderhoud, maar drasties toeneem soos GDT verhoog. Die positiewe effek op groei bereik n plato by ongeveer 28% RP en dus na aan die ongeveer 26% RP wat melkvastestowwe op DM basis bevat. Hierdie verwantskappe beklemtoon die belangrikheid om dieetproteïen en energie innames van melkvervangers te balanseer met die verwagte of verlangde groei van die kalf. Indien nie, sal n oormaat energie omgeskakel word na vet of n oormaat RP met tekort aan energie gedegradeer word na stikstof en in urine verlore gaan. Data uit verskeie studies toon dat kalwers met vrye toegang tot melk en goeie kwaliteit aanvangsmeel, gemiddeld 804 liter meer melk oor eerste laktasie produseer vergeleke met kontrolegroepe. Dit was ook die geval in n studie deur die Cornell Universiteit waar die top 2% kalwers op GDT, 670 liter meer melk geproduseer het oor die eerste laktasie. n Duimreël is dat vir elke 1g gewig wat n kalf meer aansit as 450g/dag voor speen, produseer sy 1 liter meer melk gedurende eerste laktasie (1kg GDT is dus 550 liter meer in eerste laktasie). Voedingstof voorsiening bokant onderhoudsbehoefte van die kalf sal melkresponsie egter meer P a g e 7 23

8 akkuraat beskryf. Wanneer MJ ME bokant onderhoudsbehoefte voorsien word kan 262 liter meer melk in die eerste laktasie verwag word. Die effek van verhoogde GDT vir derde laktasie koeie was liter meer melk geproduseer vir elke 1kg GDT voor speen OF 991 liter vir elke MJ ME bokant onderhoud ingeneem d.m.v. melk of melkvervanger. Ongeveer 25% van die variasie in eerste laktasie melkproduksie kan verklaar word deur GDT van die kalf tot op 49 dae ouderdom, terwyl 36% van die variasie in melkproduksie toegeskryf kan word aan epi-genetika en meer spesifiek hoe dit beïnvloed word deur die moeder se melkproduksie en energiebalans gedurende verskillende stadia van laktasie. GDT van die kalf en haar ma se voeding en bestuur verklaar dus n astronomies 61% van haar potensiële eerste laktsie produksie en die vermoede is dat hierdie syfers konserwatief is. n Werkbare benadering om kalwers beter te laat groei tot speen met die aanname dat volmelk 12.5% vastestowwe bevat of 125g melkvervanger per kg aangemaakte melkvervanger. Dag 1 tot 7 word melkvastestowwe teen 1.5% van kalfgewig gevoer. 50kg kalf x = 0.75kg vastestowwe/0.125 = 6kg volmelk of 6 liter aangemaakte melkvervanger teen 125g poeier per liter. Dag 8 tot 42 word melkvastestowwe teen 2% van kalfgewig gevoer. 70kg kalf x 0.02 = 1.4kg vastestowwe/0.125 = 11.2kg volmelk of 11.2 liter aangemaakte melkvervanger teen 125g poeier per liter. Dag 43 word die melk halveer. Die melk hoef slegs 1x per dag gevoer te word en verkieslik laatmiddag of aand omdat die koudste deel van dag dan volg. Dag 50 word melk weggeneem. Die kalwers behoort nou g van n baie goeie kwaliteit kalfmeel te vreet. n Meer natuurlike benadering tot kalwervoeding lei beslis tot gesonder kalwers en dus laer behandelingskostes. Verse kan vroeër gedek word en kalf dus vroeër, terwyl die koeie meer melk produseer vir hul volle en langer lewensduur. Die eindresultaat is n meer winsgewende besigheid. Vir meer inligting, skryf aan heinri@lionelsvet.co.za P a g e 8 23

9 Shaping her future Rearing the high producing cow Published on: 9/16/2016 Author/s : Fernando Soberón, PhD 1, Michael E. Van Amburgh, PhD 2 1 Shur-Gain USA, a Nutreco Company 2 Cornell University In the pursuit of improved milk yield and production efficiencies, the question has long been asked, when can we best influence a cow s milk production? For years, the focus has been during the lactation itself, shifting over time to the importance of the transition period. More recently, the importance of early life development has come to the attention of researchers and producers alike. A lactation begins at parturition, but before a lactation can begin, development of the mammary gland must occur, and this development begins far before the pregnancy that initiates the lactation. Moreover, the development of the mammary gland is not the only factor affecting milk production; rather, feed efficiency and hormonal regulation among other metabolic influences also modulate milk production. Just as mammary gland development begins in early life, feed efficiency and hormonal regulation also are being programmed from as early as within the womb. As dairy producers, we have a window of opportunity to influence this early life development towards positive lifetime performance. In a retrospective study that evaluated early life events on first lactation performance of over 1200 heifers, ADG pre-weaning revealed a strong positive correlation with milk yield in the order of 888 kg of milk for every additional 1 kg of Average Daily Gain (ADG) (Soberon, et al. 2013). The differences in ADG in this data set were mainly derived from changes in maintenance requirements due to weather changes during the pre-weaning period. Therefore, when analyzed by the correlation of energy intake available for growth, there was a positive significant correlation such that for every additional Mcal of energy intake above maintenance, heifers produced 235 kg more milk during first lactation. Results from this analysis revealed that the effects of early life management and nutrition accounted for 22% of the variation in milk production. This implies that early life nutrition was responsible for 4 to 8 times the effect on milk production that could be expected by genetic selection. Studying the effects of liquid feed intake during the first 60 days of life revealed an allometric growth of the liver and the mammary gland, but especially of the mammary parenchymal tissue. At the time of weaning, the mammary parenchymal tissue weight of calves fed increased levels of milk replacer was 6 times greater than that of calves that were restricted in milk intake. This indicates a direct effect of nutrient intake with parenchymal proliferation in the first months of life. This additional growth is only relevant if it turns into increased milk production later in life. Thus, a meta-analysis of all the available studies evaluating the effects of early life nutrition on first lactation milk yield was conducted. The meta-analysis resulted in an estimate that calves that received more nutrients pre-weaning produced on average 435 kg more milk during their first lactation. When pre-weaning ADG was included in the analysis, for every additional 1 kg of ADG pre-weaning, heifers produced 1,540.7 kg more milk in first lactation (Soberon and Van Amburgh, 2013). The effect of early life nutrition on development is not unique to the dairy cow. The implications of early life nutrition have been described in bees, humans, dogs, sheep and swine among other species. In swine, Bartol et al. (2008) described the lactocrine effect, which refers to the transfer of bioactive ingredients from the sow s colostrum to the newborn piglet. The lactocrine hypothesis has been linked to the effects of relaxin from milk on the development of the uterus in the newborn sow (Bartol et al., 2008) as well as improved gastrointestinal development (Thivend et al., 1980), jejunal protein synthesis (Burrin et al., 1992; 1995) and skeletal muscle synthesis (Burrin et al., 1995). In cattle, colostrum has been traditionally given to the calf for the transfer of IgG in order to aid the immature immune system. However, the benefits of feeding colostrum to young calves surpass that which can be attributed solely to IgG transfer. Positive long-term effects include increased average daily gain to 180 days (Robison et al., 1988), increased milk yield and fat production during first lactation (DeNise et al., 1989; Faber et al., 2005), reduced time to first calving (Waltner-Toews et al.,1986), increased average daily gain preweaning (Osorio and Drackley, 2005; Soberon and Van Amburgh, 2011), increased feed efficiency (Jones et al., 2004), and increased DMI post-weaning (Soberon and Van Amburgh, 2011). For example, Faber et al, (2005) used Brown Swiss cattle and offered different levels of colostrum during the first days of life, after which all calves were treated the same. Even though calves that received more colostrum had higher ADG early in life, P a g e 9 23

10 by the time they calved, calving weights did not differ among treatments. Cows that received more colostrum at birth had a 12% increase in survival to the end of second lactation and they also produced 1,027 kg more milk during 2 lactations. These long-lasting effects are most likely not related to IgG but rather to the array of other growth factors and hormones present in great concentrations in bovine colostrum, such as IGF-I, IGF-II, lactoferrin, prolactin, insulin, leptin, relaxin, TGF α and TGF β. Current research is now trying to identify the effect of some of these other factors in the development of the calf. LifeStart is a Nutreco concept that integrates scientific knowledge on the topic of early life development with practical, on-farm applications. The goal of LifeStart is to set life performance, through colostrum administration and liquid feed supply during the first two months of life, so that the milk production potential of a calf can be increased by 1,360 to 1,800 kg of milk per lactation. However, to properly harvest these benefits, calves most be properly cared for during the rest of the rearing period. When a calf is receiving 8 to 12 liters of milk or milk replacer per day, the weaning process requires more attention. It is possible to properly develop the rumen of these young animals and ensure a proper transition, but it is highly recommended to use a step-down method for 2 weeks (Khan et al., 2007; Miller-Cushon et al., 2013). Once the calves are weaned, it is important to provide a proper nutrition that would allow the calf to maintain protein synthesis. In a study designed to evaluate the interaction between pre-weaning nutrition and post-weaning dietary protein levels, Moallem et al. (2010) observed that the gains achieved through proper nutrition pre-weaning could be lost if proper levels of protein were not offered pre-breeding. In his study, calves offered whole milk pre-weaning produced more fat corrected milk than calves fed a low protein milk replacer; however, the calves that were supplemented with an additional 2% of protein from 150 to 350 days produced 2 kg/d more fat corrected milk than the calves that had been fed the same whole milk but were not supplemented with protein pre-puberty. This study supports the theory that gains can only be achieved at certain developmental stages, but these gains can be lost later in life through improper environmental conditions including nutrition. Calves raised under this management model will achieve proper breeding weights and heights earlier. It is important to recognize that the proper time to breed a dairy heifer for the first time is when she reaches 55% of her mature body weight and it is not directly correlated to her age. The optimum age at first calving for Fresian-Holsteins when grown under this program is between 21 and 23 months; smaller breeds can successfully calve by 19 months. This was confirmed by analyzing first lactation production of over 10,500 heifers in New York State. Age at first calving ranged from 19 months to 33 months. The analysis revealed that for every month that heifers calved after 23 months, they produced 274 kg less milk during their first lactation. Biology and epigenetics are not the only factors that have to be considered when determining the best rearing system for dairy calves. Economics and welfare are another two important considerations in the decision. Dr. Michael Overton from the University of Georgia made an economic comparison of a traditional rearing system to an intensified feeding system. Dr. Overton used 2013 values including interest rates, milk price, veterinary costs, and cull values but his equations can be extrapolated to dairies any year. In his analysis, calves reared under an intensive rearing system cost more per day to feed than traditional calves. However, given that these calves calved 3 months earlier, the total cost of raising calves under a full potential program was the same as the cost of raising heifers under a traditional system. This was before accounting for the additional milk produced by the intensified calves. When the additional milk is considered, the cost of raising calves under an intensified or full potential program is 10% less than the cost of raising them under a traditional system. In conclusion, the first hours and weeks of a calf s life are a prime time to influence life- time performance. Colostrum is an important source of IgG that provides the calf with much- needed passive immunity, but beyond that, colostrum contains many growth factors that are beneficial for the life performance of calves. Nutrient intake from milk or milk replacer has a positive influence on milk yield later in life. There are no compensatory mechanisms for these effects; if the window of opportunity is missed, the chances to optimize her performance are gone. In summary, when a calf is born, ensure sufficient colostrum uptake; (recommended amounts are 4 liters within the first hour of life and 2 liters 12 hours later.) Follow up with sufficient milk or milk replacer of good quality to promote a minimum average daily gain of 0.8 kg/d during the first 60 days of life. Finally, provide calves with a balanced nutrition that allows breeding at 55% of mature body weight and strive to calve between 21 and 23 months. Additional information can be found at: published in Proceedings. 48th Annu Conf Am Assoc Bov Pract 2015; 91-9 P a g e 10 23

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13 Finding the root cause of high Bactoscan counts As many producers well know, a high Bactoscan or total bacteria count (TBC) can lead to financial loss, increased possibility of mastitis and poor milk quality. High Bactoscan counts can be lowered, though, through proper management and regular check-ups. The sources of bacteria in milk There are three main sources of bacteria in milk: mastitis organisms, environmental contamination and dirty milking equipment. Contamination can occur in one of two ways: directly from the cow when mastitis organisms seep into milk, or indirectly from the environment or milking equipment. Mastitis: Organisms that originate from the udder Milk from cows with clinical mastitis should not enter the bulk tank, as infected milk can increase bulk tank Bactoscan considerably. For this reason, good mastitis detection is a must. Milk from cows with subclinical mastitis, however, will enter the bulk tank unless, of course, the farmer chooses to withhold it. The only reason to do so would be because the cow in question is known to have high cell counts. Herds with low cell counts and low levels of clinical mastitis will contribute minimal amounts of mastitis bacteria to the bulk tank. Again, good mastitis detection is a must. A high coliform count indicates that teat preparation needs to be improved. Environmental contamination For the most part, environmental contamination is caused by poor environmental conditions. Cows living in unclean environments often have dirty udders and teats. To avoid bacterial contamination, good udder and teat preparation is extremely important. On top of that, milking units should be thoroughly disinfected. Similarly, disinfected milking equipment should be attached to clean, dry teats. P a g e 13 23

14 Every milkers nightmare. Environmental conditions need improvement. Indicators of faecal contamination include coliform organisms and other environmental organisms, like Pseudomonads, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus faecalis and Bacillus species, among others. To avoid contamination, use a pre-dip solution and keep cows in clean, dry and well-bedded accommodations. Dirty milking equipment As most producers know, inadequately cleaned milking equipment can lead to raised Bactoscan. Problems can occur as a result of poor wash-up routines. After milking, all equipment should be properly cleaned. Also, the bulk tank should be cleaned after emptying. It s not just milking equipment that creates the potential for bacterial infection, though. Poor refrigeration has been known to cause problems as well. Milk should be cooled to 4ºC or less as soon as possible after milking. Doing so will limit bacterial growth and help to maintain milk quality. Milk is commonly cooled using plate coolers and hear exchangers. Sometimes, though, these systems fail. Minor failures that go unnoticed can lead to big problems. A regular, thorough analysis of all milking equipment will help to avoid these types of problems. Other common problems include, but are not limited to: ACR flow meters that have been contaminated with milk deposits Water boilers set to the wrong temperature Maintaining temperature throughout the wash cycle Unclean milking units Deteriorating silicone tubing Low chemical levels in automatic wash systems Most new parlours make it very easy to open pipes for examination such as the butterfly clips on this milk transfer line. M2-magazine provided three herd case studies in its February 2015 issue. In each case, high Bactoscan and somatic cell counts were found and analysed for their causes. In each case, it was found that the bacterial outbreak was caused by one or more of the following factors: mastitis organisms, environmental contamination and/or dirty milking equipment. However, once the root of the problem was uncovered, bacterial counts returned to normal proving that, with a little work, the bacterial outbreaks are manageable. P a g e 14 23

15 Kalvolac versus cow s milk. Myths and Facts! Many stories circulate about feeding Kalvolac, calf milk replacer instead of cow s milk. Sometimes it is not easy to determine which to believe or not. In this Kalvonews, we highlight the 3 most dominant myths. Have you heard more myths, please let us know! Myths Cow s milk is from mother nature and hence best to feed to the young calves. This is not true as in the last decades dairy cows have been genetically selected and fed to produce more milk with a high fat percentage, which is profitable for the factory. For the calf, too much fat causes digestion problems with diarrhea as result. The more litres produced result in a lower concentration of vitamins and minerals present in the milk. Vitamins play a very important role in the development of the immune system of a young calf. Therefore, a lack of vitamins means a lower resistance of the calf. Cow s milk is always cheaper to feed. I do not have to buy it as I already have it on the farm. Kalvolac is difficult to use. Better is to compare the price per litre of Kalvolac with the price of a litre milk delivered to the factory. Next to the price, Kalvolac provides your calf with additional health benefits which means stronger calves, the basis for healthy and productive cows. Calculate your financial benefits with our Young Stock Improvement Tool here: a9f70c31/149 In only 3 steps you can prepare Kalvolac! And thanks to its outstanding physical properties, it is suitable for manual and automatic feeding. Due to its unique dairy composition, Kalvolac can be used directly after colostrum. P a g e 15 23

16 Facts Kalvolac is of constant quality and free of Pathogens Kalvolac is based on high quality whey protein from milk produced by our own FrieslandCampina Farmers. We control the whole supply chain which allows us to produce a reliable product. The optimal ratio of proteins and fats contribute to increased youth growth and rumen development. In addition, Kalvolac is free of pathogens, which excludes the risk of vertical transmission of diseases. Kalvolac allows for an earlier first calving Kalvolac contributes to a better rumen development. This results in an increased growth rate and increased robustness, which means that a calf can be inseminated earlier. In overall, rearing costs will be lower as the heifer will start giving milk at a younger age. Kalvolac contains health promoting components Kalvolac contains our registered health concept IMAGRO. IMAGRO is a mixture of pre-biotics(gos), pro-biotics (enterococcus faecium) and organic acids. IMAGRO contributes to an optimal intestinal health and by this to a minimal use of antibiotics and reduced mortality rate. Originally posted on - FrieslandCampina Nutrifeed Stationsplein LE Amersfoor P a g e 16 23

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18 Please double click on the link below to view a video of the dip method used on Lamolor Farm! A MUST SEE!! P a g e 18 23

19 Meer oor ons verkoops- verteenwoordigers Ontmoet vir Jan Joubert. Ek het op n plaas in die Kalahari grootgeword en gematrikuleer aan die Hoër Landbouskool Noord-Kaapland in Jan Kempdorp. In 2003 het ek my studies voltooi waarna ek vir n jaar oorsee gaan werk het. Na die afsterwe van my pa het ek teruggekeer na Suid-Afrika en voltyds begin boer waar ek onmiddelik betrokke geraak het by die landboubedryf. My ervaring sluit grootvee, kleinveeproduksie asook die melk en voerkraal bedryf in en word gerugsteun deur n wonderlike span kundiges. Ek het my loopbaan by Lionel s Vet begin in 2007 waar ek my passie en liefde vir die veekunde/veeartseny bedryf kan uitleef. Ontmoet vir Jannic Zietsman. Ek het grootgeword in Jeffreysbaai en gematrikuleer aan die Höerskool Nico Malan op Humansdorp. Daarna het ek verder studeer in Sportbestuur en Bemarking aan die PE Technikon (soos dit toe bekend gestaan het; nou Nelson Mandela Universiteit). Tydens my studies was ek deel van USSA ( University Sports South Africa ), en het op SARU (Suid Afrikaanse Rugby Unie) se raad gedien wat die Varisty Cup ontwikkel het. Ek het in 2005 by Lionel s Veterinary Supplies aangesluit nadat ek vir 5 maande n onderwyser was by my alma mater, Höerskool Nico Malan. Een van ons verteenwoordigers, GJ du Preez was n leerling van my. Gedurende 2017 is ek aangestel as Verkoopsbestuurder van die Suidelike Streek van die Lionel s Groep. Ek ken my vrou, Tanya al vir 21 jaar en ons is 10 jaar getroud, met n seun, Ferdinand wat nou 3 jaar oud is. My passie is rugby, en ek het n voorliefde vir die 7 s, as gevolg van die span-dinamika wat hierdie sport na vore bring in almal wat daaraan deelneem. P a g e 19 23

20 Welkom by die Lionel s Span Ons wil net vir Chester Green verwelkom by die Lionel s Span. Hy is die groep se Elektisiese- en Verkoelingsbestuurder. Julle kan hom skakel op en sy epos adres is: chester@lionelsvet.co.za Welkom by Lionel s Vet Chester. Ons wens jou alle voorspoed toe en glo dat jy sommer baie lekker gaan werk by ons. Hiermee verwelkom ons vir Deon de Jager, verkoopsverteenwoordiger in die Vrystaat. Ons glo dat sy vorige ondervinding by die Departement van Landbou as dieregesondheidstegnikus, Beheer Tegnikus in die Staatsveeartskantoor asook verteenwoordiger by maatskappye soos Norbrook Pharmaceuticals, Cipla en Ceva n groot bydrae sal lewer tot sukses in sy huidige posisie. Julle kan hom skakel op en sy epos deondj@lionelsvet.co.za Welkom by Lionel s Vet, Deon. Ons glo dat jy baie gelukkig sal wees as deel van ons span. P a g e 20 23

21 Ons wil graag vir Michelle Fortuin verwelkom as die nuwe Sales Co-ordinator by Companion Animals. Sy het in Februarie by ons span aangesluit. Ons wens haar alle sukses en geluk toe as deel van die Lionel s span. Julle kan haar kontak by: of orderscpt@yourcompanion.co.za Ons wil graag vir Lauren Trusler verwelkom wie aangestel is om die Verkoops- en Tegniese afdelings te hanteer by Feedpharm. Ons hoop dat sy baie gelukkig sal wees as deel van die Lionel s span. Julle kan haar kontak by: of lauren@lionelsvet.co.za P a g e 21 23

22 The Sales Team Naam Sel nommer E-pos adres Area Andreas du Toit Karoo BH Botha NKZN Byron Ott Wes-Kaap / Swartland CC Terblanche cc.terblanche@lionelsvet.co.za Suid-Kaap Debbie Elliott dmelliott@netactive.co.za Midlands Deon de Jager deondj@lionelsvet.co.za Vrystaat Derick Coetzee djcoetzee@telkomsa.net Suid-Kaap Gavin Dargie gavdargie1@gmail.com Oos London GJ du Preez dupreez.gj@gmail.com Oos-Kaap Herman Bezuidenhout herman@lionelsvet.co.za Noord-Kaap Jaco Swanepoel jacoswanepoel@outlook.com Noord-Wes Jan Joubert jan_safp@yahoo.com Noord-Wes Janique Fourie janique@lionelsvet.co.za Oos Kaap Jannic Zietsman jzietsman@lionelsvet.co.za Oos-Kaap JD Marais jd@lionelsvet.co.za Jenni Soutar jennisoutar@gmail.com NKZN Verkoopsbestuurder Genetika - GE DAIRIES Johan Botes johan@lionelsvet.co.za Wes-Kaap (Varke) Johan du Plessis johandup@lionelsvet.co.za Noord-Kaap Juan Welman juan.welman@vodamail.co.za Mpumalanga Karin van der Merwe karin.vdm@vodamail.co.za EG & Underberg Matthew Elliott mpjelliott@hotmail.com Nth & South Coast (Varke) Neville Brown nevillebrown1234@gmail.com EG & Underberg Nico Vorster nicosmail@webmail.co.za Vrystaat Riaan Momberg riaanm@mweb.com.na Namibië Sarah March sarahmarch@vodamail.co.za Midlands South Shaun Bovey shaun@lionelsvet.co.za Eastern Cape Warnich Biersteker warnich7@gmail.com Pluimvee Adviseur Werner van Rooyen wvrvers@mweb.co.za Suid-Kaap P a g e 22 23

23 Meet The Team! 1ste ry (vlnr): Riaan Momberg; Juan Welman; Shaun Bovey; Janique Fourie; Johan Botes; Jannic Zietsman 2de ry (vlnr): Byron Ott; Deon de Jager; Herman Bezuidenhout; Werner van Rooyen; Jan Joubert 3de ry (vlnr): JD Marais; Johan du Plessis; Gavin Dargie; GJ du Preez 4de ry (vlnr): Andreas du Toit; CC Terblanche; Derick Coetzee; Warnich Biersteker DenVet P a g e 23 23