Human Impacts on ecosystem health and resources of Lake Edward (HIPE): the phytoplankton study
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1 Human Impacts on ecosystem health and resources of Lake Edward (HIPE): the phytoplankton study M.P. Stoyneva-Gärtner 2,J.-P. Descy 1, C. Morana 3, S. Bouillon 3, Lambert T. 4 & A.V. Borges 1 1 University of Liège (ULg), Belgium 2 University of Sofia St Kliment Ohridski, Bulgaria 3 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULeuven), Belgium 4 University of Lausanne, Switzerland ELLS-IAGLR-2018 / September 23-28, 2018 / Evian (France)
2 HIPE HUMAN IMPACTS ON ECOSYSTEM HEALTH AND RESOURCES OF LAKE EDWARD funded by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office under BRAIN-Be CONTRAT N BR/154/A1/HIPE 15 December March 2020 ELLS-IAGLR-2018 / September 23-28, 2018 / Evian (France)
3 L. Edward Rutanzige or Edward Nyanza African Great Lakes East African Rift
4 large, deep, weakly stratified tropical lake
5
6 Lake Edward
7 Background data
8 Working hypothesis: several environmental pressures have disrupted the biogeochemical, structural and functional links between the terrestrial and the aquatic ecosystem, leading to a collapse of the main ecosystem service.
9 Cruises /HIPE1, HIPE2 and HIPE3
10 P re c ip ita io n (m m y r -1 ) A ir te m p e r a tu r e ( C ) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) r 2 = , , , , ,0 0 0 r 2 = , ELLS-IAGLR-2018 / September 23-28, 2018 / Evian (France)
11 janvier-2016 février-2016 mars-2016 avril-2016 mai-2016 juin-2016 juillet-2016 août-2016 septembre-2016 octobre-2016 novembre-2016 décembre-2016 janvier-2017 février-2017 mars-2017 avril-2017 mai-2017 juin-2017 juillet-2017 août-2017 septembre-2017 octobre-2017 novembre-2017 décembre-2017 janvier-2018 février-2018 mars-2018 avril-2018 mai-2018 juin-2018 juillet-2018 août-2018 septembre-2018 octobre-2018 novembre-2018 décembre-2018 Cruises Weekly cumulated precipitation (mm) ELLS-IAGLR-2018 / September 23-28, 2018 / Evian (France)
12 janvier-2016 février-2016 mars-2016 avril-2016 mai-2016 juin-2016 juillet-2016 août-2016 septembre-2016 octobre-2016 novembre-2016 décembre-2016 janvier-2017 février-2017 mars-2017 avril-2017 mai-2017 juin-2017 juillet-2017 août-2017 septembre-2017 octobre-2017 novembre-2017 décembre-2017 janvier-2018 février-2018 mars-2018 avril-2018 mai-2018 juin-2018 juillet-2018 août-2018 septembre-2018 octobre-2018 novembre-2018 décembre-2018 Cruises Weekly averaged wind speed (m s -1 ) ELLS-IAGLR-2018 / September 23-28, 2018 / Evian (France)
13 Phytoplankton study HPLC Microscopy: Light microscopy SEM samples (398) also from L. George, crater lakes and rivers) 134 from L. Edward ( )
14 HPLC data on L. Edward phytoplankton Phytoplankton marker pigments in water column samples (134) Average composition: little variation among cruises High contribution of Cyanoprokaryota/Cyanobacteria and diatoms
15 Vertical distribution of chlorophyll a and main groups Depth of mixed layer > euphotic zone (max 5 m) Strong light limitation
16 Historical data on L. Edward phytoplankton Mission H. Damas ( )
17 Phytoplankton composition: historical data Microscopy : very preliminary data Hecky & Kling (1972): dominated by green and blue-green algae. However, few net samples were taken, and only near the southern part of the lake.
18 Phytoplankton composition: historical data Hence, only qualitative data from the Damas expedition ( ) are available for comparison. ELLS-IAGLR-2018 / September 23-28, 2018 / Evian (France)
19 Microscopic processing of L. Edward phytoplankton 346 taxa
20 Comparison of data on L. Edward phytoplankton
21 L. Edward phytoplankton key groups Core of tropical species 10 µm 10 µm
22 L. Edward phytoplankton key groups
23 L. Edward phytoplankton characteristic taxa Diatoms P e n n a t e SEM photos thanks to L. Ector and C. Wetzel (LIST, Luxembourg) C e n t r i c
24 What diatoms tell? The abundance of «needle-like» Nitzschia (shown also by Hustedt 1949) may indicate low P availability Kilham et al Possible long-term change of composition in L. Edward? Needs confirmation based on fossil (sediment) diatoms
25 L. Edward phytoplankton characteristic taxa Cyanoprokaryota/Cyanobacteria Microcystis Coccal cyanos Coelomoron
26 L. Edward phytoplankton characteristic taxa Cyanoprokaryota/Cyanobacteria Anabaenopsis Filamentous heterocytous cyanos N-fixation H H H Raphidiopsis Syn. Cylindrospermopsis
27 L. Edward phytoplankton characteristic taxa Cyanoprokaryota/Cyanobacteria Romeria Filamentous non-heterocytous cyanos Pseudanabaena Planktolyngbya
28 What these three groups show? N - limitation
29 Phytoplankton Nutrient limitation: mean POC : PN ratio ~9,7 (+- 1.7) indicates moderate N limitation Photosynthetic C fixation rates measured during a nutrient limitation experiment (24h incubation under constant light irradiance) carried out with samples from a pelagic station in L. Edward (20m max depth). N limitation of photosynthetic C fixation confirmed for pelagic sites. N 2 fixation experiments showed that the process is active in the lake, and takes places in the light, suggesting a main contribution by heterocytous cyanobacteria.
30 RDA on phytoplankton groups vs. environmental variables High C:N ratio and high ph may be key variables driving cyanodominance
31 Conclusions from phytoplankton data 1. General composition : dominance by cyanoprokaryotes/cyanobacteria and diatoms whatever the water column conditions; 2. Higher diversity than previously reported; 3. Analysis of currently available data suggests that N limitation occurs at all times and may be a key driver explaining the success of cyanobacteria, along with light limitation and high ph; 4. Possible long-term change of composition in L. Edward? Yes, the abundance of «needle-like» Nitzschia may indicate low P availability, but this needs to be confirmed based on fossil (sediment) diatoms.
32
33 THANK YOU FOR THE ATTENTION
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