Meat s Contribution to World Health. Janet M. Riley Senior Vice President, Public Affairs

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1 Meat s Contribution to World Health Janet M. Riley Senior Vice President, Public Affairs

2 The Problem: General War on Meat Media, bloggers report mythology, omit context Nutrition researchers Report small associations The world is flat! I have another theory. Don t report null results Use varying definitions of meat, processed meat Meat-neutral nutrition researchers hard to find Bandwagon effect It takes courage to be him!

3 Impact of Repeated Negative Health Claims Bulk of cancer, other nutrition research is epidemiological Correlation, not causation Biased by recall, other confounders Typically see low RRs (slightly above 1) that don t meet well established Bradford Hill criteria (2 or better) Human nutrition trials nearly impossible Animal bioassay findings lacking Yet cause and effect is reported by media, perceived by consumers.

4 IARC Case Study IARC did a hazard analysis: could something be a hazard under some circumstance? IARC did not do a risk analysis: how likely is this to occur? Still, IARC calculated the risk posed by various consumption amounts, did not calculate benefits. Media frenzy ensued WHO backpedaled

13,763 23% 32% 30% Lunchmeat 1,249 2% 12% 89% Salami 2,894 5% 40% 89% Sausage 15,896 25% 16%

5 Processed Meat: Media Coverage Summary Media coverage: August 2013 to July 2016 Total Articles % Coverage % Negative % Cancer* Bacon 25,512 42% 24% 20% Bologna 1,885 3% 46% 43% Hot Dogs 13,763 23% 32% 30% Lunchmeat 1,249 2% 12% 89% Salami 2,894 5% 40% 89% Sausage 15,896 25% 16% 83% Total articles 61, % * Percentage of negative coverage mentioning cancer Data Source: Cision 5

Steady Drip of Cancer, Other Health News Erodes

Hot Dogs Salami Sausage in claims of reducing processed

Safety Convenience Affordability weight.

6 Steady Drip of Cancer, Other Health News Erodes Confidence North America Bacon leads Ham way Bologna Hot Dogs Salami Sausage in claims of reducing processed foods because we think it will help us lose Taste Safety Convenience Affordability weight. Tradition But many regions close behind. Cancer Unnatural Unhealthy Chemicals Mystery

7 Nutritional Impact of Reducing, Eliminating Meat is Public Health Issue Commonly consumed sources of dietary protein frequently contribute substantially to intakes of nutrients such as calcium, vitamin D, potassium, dietary fiber, iron, and folate, which have been identified as nutrients of concern (i.e., intakes are often lower than recommended). Despite this, dietary recommendations to reduce intakes of saturated fat and solid fats may result in dietary guidance to reduce intakes of commonly consumed food sources of protein, in particular animal-based protein. We propose that following such dietary guidance would make it difficult to meet recommended intakes for a number of nutrients, at least without marked changes in dietary consumption patterns. Commonly consumed protein foods contribute to nutrient intake, diet quality, and nutrient adequacy Stuart M Phillips, Victor L Fulgoni III, Robert P Heaney, Theresa A Nicklas, Joanne L Slavin, and Connie M Weaver, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2015

8 Vegetarianism Risks B12 Deficiency

9 12 Good Reasons Meat and Poultry Should Be Part of Your Balanced Diet 1. Protein. Naturally and completely. Protein found in meat and poultry is complete because it contains all the amino acids essential for health. Animal proteins are complete proteins. And they occur naturally no protein powder needed. 2. Iron rich. Meat, fish and poultry contains heme iron, which helps to prevent anemia because the body absorbs this iron better than non-heme iron found in plant foods such as vegetables. Heme iron foods help the body absorb non-heme iron. 3. Bioavailable nutrition. Nutrients in meat, including iron and zinc are typically more easily absorbed and used by the body. 4. Muscle strength and maintenance. High- quality protein, e.g. meat and poultry, have been shown to prevent muscle loss as we age more effectively than other protein foods. 5. Bone strength. Meatless diets have been shown to contain lower amounts of calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B-12, protein, and omega-3 fatty acids, which have important roles in maintaining bone health. 6. Brain function. Animal products like meat are the only natural sources of Vitamin B12, which promotes brain development in children and helps your nervous system function properly. 7. Heart health. Mounting, recent evidence shows that lean meat protein could help maintain healthy cardiovascular function. 8. Blood Sugar Control. A high protein and low carbohydrate diet, which could include lean meat and poultry, can help to control blood sugars. 9. Zinc immunity. Zinc helps maintain optimal immune function and promotes wound healing. Beef is the top dietary source of zinc in the diet. 10. Selenium-rich. A serving of beef or lamb delivers half a human s daily selenium needs. Selenium is an antioxidant that helps prevent cell damage, promotes proper thyroid function, and may contribute to cancer prevention. 11. Weight management. High protein diets that include lean meat and poultry have been shown to promote long term weight loss better than other diets. 12. Tastes good. Taste drives consumption.

Sustainability Most popular analyses compare carbon footprint of 10 pounds of meat to ten pounds of carrots The more nutrient-dense animal products, including meat and dairy, had higher GHGE values

10 Sustainability Most popular analyses compare carbon footprint of 10 pounds of meat to ten pounds of carrots The more nutrient-dense animal products, including meat and dairy, had higher GHGE values per 100 g but much lower values per 100 kcal. -- Drenowski, et. al. They ask, Which is greater? More appropriate: meat and carrots of = carbon footprint More appropriate to ask, How many people are nourished for same carbon footprint?

11 Processed Meat Makes Fresh Meat Green Nose to tail eating FAO: One third of food wasted Longer shelf life = less waste Facilitates distribution to those who need it Case Study: Spammy in Guatemala

Nutrition. Nutrition. Contents:

Nutrition. Nutrition. Contents: Nutrition Contents: Nutrition Overview Zinc Iron Protein B-Vitamins Selenium Phosphorous Good Fat vs. Bad Fat Beef and Heart Health Fat & Cholesterol: The Whole Story Lean Beef Lean Beef in Foodservice