Illuminate Publishing Ltd AQA GCSE Food Preparation and Nutrition by Tull, Littlewood, Maitland, Worger

Transcription

1 Activity: HBV and LBV proteins 1a Protein Study the images below and sort the foods into those that contain HBV (High biological value) proteins and those that contain LBV (Low biological value) proteins. Lentils Soya beans Chapter 1: Nutrients 2 9 Cheese Brazil nuts Quinoa Bulgur (wheat) Eggs Meat Peanuts Milk Fish Sunflower seeds

2 Activity: Produce an information sheet on protein in the diet 1b Protein Produce an information sheet on protein in the diet. Include two main course recipes that demonstrate: a) protein complementation b) use of an alternative protein. Use a nutrition programme to work out how much protein is contained in each recipe. Include this with the recipe. Explain the benefits of using alternative proteins in the diet. Chapter 1: Nutrients 2 9 Example of an alternative protein Example of protein complementation

3 Activity: Protein complementation 1c Protein LBV proteins do not contain all the essential amino acids we need but if you eat a mixture of them the missing essential amino acids in one may be provided by one of the others. This is called protein complementation. Study the foods below, identify the LBV proteins and then make suggestions for three meals that would combine two or more of them in the same dish. Meat Toasted bread Chapter 1: Nutrients 2 9 Kidney beans Soya beans Rice Cheese Peanut butter Baked beans Eggs Bulgur (wheat)

4 Activity: Invisible fats in food 1d Fats Many food products contain fat that is invisible to our eyes. This can lead to people eating more fat than they realise, if they regularly choose to eat foods such as these. On the chart below are pictures of 14 different food products, each of which contains invisible fat. Look at each product. Using your knowledge of recipes and cooking methods, rank the foods in order of the amount of invisible fat you think they contain. For example, if you think the quiche lorraine has the highest amount of invisible fat, place a number 1 underneath it and so on, with number 14 being the food you think contains the lowest amount of invisible fat. Chapter 1: Nutrients Chocolate biscuits Sponge cake with buttercream and jam filling Cheesecake Jam doughnut Lemon meringue pie Sausage roll Quiche lorraine Mayonnaise Salami Potato crisps Potato chips Fried mushrooms Chicken tikka masala ready meal Peanut butter

5 Activity: Find the fat 1e Fats Examine each of these food labels and identify which of the ingredients are fats. Supafresh chocolate sponge cake Water, Sugar, Chocolate (9%), Wheat flour, Single cream, Suet, Modified maize starch, Cocoa powder, Mono-glycerides, Skimmed milk powder, Shortening, Cream powder, Stabiliser: E461; Salt, Whey powder, Glycerine, Emulsifier: E481; Raising agents: E450, E500 JPL Dunne s food family chicken ingots Chicken (63%), British wheat flour (Flour, Calcium carbonate, Niacin, Thiamin), Salt, Polyunsaturates, Sunflower oil, Maize flour, Monounsaturates, Salt, Raising agents: Sodium hydrogen carbonate, Disodium diphosphate; Sugar Chapter 1: Nutrients Super Scorchin green Thai curry Water, Chicken (18%), Jasmine rice, Green beans (2%), Bamboo shoot (2%), Rapeseed oil, Chicken extract, Sugar, Anchovy extract (Fish), Cornflour, Coriander, Ghee, Coconut oil, Creamed coconut, Garlic, Green chilli, Lemon grass, Palm kernel, Palm oil, Sea salt, Shallot, Galangal, Ginger, Salt, Tamarind, Ginger purée, Cumin, Kaffir lime peel, Onion, Carrot, Sweet basil, Coriander seed, Dried sweet basil, Milk solids Big n Tastee cheese and bacon soup Water, Flour, Bacon pieces, Potato starch, Hydrogenated fat, Milk solids, Milk powder, Cheese flavouring, Sugar, Salt, Corn starch, Concentrated onion juice Supafresh mixed poultry casserole and dumplings Water, Potato, Carrots, Chicken (15%), Onion extract, Lard, Flour, Goose fat, Chicken flavouring, Leeks, Suet, Chicken fat, Garlic powder, Bay, Clove extract, Stabiliser (lecithin), Salt

6 Activity: Fats in the diet 1f Fats Fats Produce a concept map or revision guide about fats in the diet. Include information on: the different types of fat the main sources of fat in the diet why we need fat in the diet what happens if we do not eat enough fat the dangers of consuming too much fat. Below is a recipe for a lasagne. Chapter 1: Nutrients For the Ragu 1 onion (finely chopped) 1 carrot (finely chopped) 1 stick celery (finely chopped) 4 tbsp extra virgin olive oil 500g ground beef 400g chopped tomatoes 2 tbsp tomato puree 3 bay leaves nutmeg (grated) salt pepper For the Béchamel 750ml whole milk 50g flour 50g butter nutmeg (grated) black pepper 8 10 fresh lasagne sheets 50g Parmesan cheese (grated) 50g Mozzarella (grated) 3 bay leaves Explain how this recipe could be adapted to lower the fat content.

7 Activity: Carbohydrate classification 1 1g Carbohydrates Study the list of individual carbohydrates below. Write M, D or C next to each of them to match them to their correct classification. Chapter 1: Nutrients Monosaccharides (M) Disaccharides (D) Complex carbohydrates (C) Glucose Maltose Galactose Sucrose Starch Pectin Dextrin Lactose Fructose Non-starch polysaccharide (NSP)

8 Activity: Carbohydrate classification 2 1h Carbohydrates Study the list of carbohydrate-containing foods below. Identify the carbohydrate(s) found within them and write M, D or C next to each of them to match them to their correct classification. Some have more than one carbohydrate present. Chapter 1: Nutrients Monosaccharides (M) Disaccharides (D) Complex carbohydrates (C) Granulated sugar Plain yogurt Brown rice Toast Sweet potato Milk Golden syrup Apple White bread Honey

9 Activity: Find the sugars 1i Carbohydrates Examine each of these food labels and identify which of the ingredients are sugars. Supafresh chocolate sponge cake Water, Sugar, Chocolate (9%), Wheat flour, Single cream, Suet, Modified hydrolysed starch, Cocoa powder, Molasses, Mono-glycerides, Skimmed milk powder, Glucose syrup, Shortening, Cream powder, Dextrose, Stabiliser: E461; Fat powder, Salt, Whey powder, Glycerine, Emulsifier: E481; Raising agents: E450, E500 JPL Dunne s food family mince pies Mincemeat (43%) (Sugar, Apple purée, Sultanas, Currants, Glucose syrup, Apricot purée (Apricots, Sugar), Candied mixed peel (Glucose-fructose syrup, Orange peel, Treacle, Lemon peel), Acidity regulator: Citric acid); Preservative, Vegetable suet, Wheat flour, Maltose, Sunflower oil, Cornflour, Acid: Acetic acid; Cinnamon, Crystallised ginger (Ginger, Fructose), Allspice, Orange oil Chapter 1: Nutrients Super Scorchin green Thai curry Water, Chicken (18%), Jasmine rice, Green beans (2%), Bamboo shoot (2%), Rapeseed oil, Chicken extract, Sugar, Anchovy extract (Fish), Cornflour, Coriander, Ghee, Coconut oil, Creamed coconut, Garlic, Green chilli, Lemon grass, Palm kernel, Sugar cane, Palm oil, Sea salt, Shallot, Galangal, Ginger, Salt, Tamarind, Ginger purée, Cumin, Kaffir lime peel, Onion, Sucrose, Coriander seed, Dried sweet basil, Milk solids Big n Tastee chocolate pancakes Sugar, Milk, Flour, Sunflower oil, Egg, Dark chocolate (6%) (Fat-reduced cocoa powder, Cocoa mass, Emulsifier: Soya lecithin), Liquid glucose, Caramel, Butter (milk), Lactose (milk), Skimmed cow s milk powder, Cocoa powder, Muscovado sugar, Water, Salt Supafresh British apple pie British Bramley apples (58%), Wheat flour (Wheat flour, Calcium carbonate, Niacin, Thiamin), Granulated sugar, Unsalted butter, Palm oil, Pasteurised egg, Fruit juices, Sugar cane, Water, Rapeseed oil, Demerara sugar, Cornflour, Starch, Milk, Lemon juice, Salt

10 Activity: How much sugar am I drinking? 1j Carbohydrates Study the drinks below. Rank them according to how much sugar you think they contain. Which one has the most? Which one has the least? Are you surprised by your findings? Drink Cherry cola Chocolate milkshake Cola Energy drink Ginger beer Lemonade Grams of sugar per 150ml Rank 1 12* Chapter 1: Nutrients Orange juice Passion fruit juice drink Pure grape juice Smoothie energise drink Sparkling lemon drink Strawberry yogurt drink *Some drinks may have equal ranking.

11 Activity: Vitamins wordsearch 1k Vitamins Chapter 1: Nutrients Solve the wordsearch below the words you are looking for are all to do with vitamins and there are clues given underneath. Remember: the hidden words may be horizontal, vertical or diagonal in the wordsearch grid. If you get stuck, use the word prompts after the clues to try to solve them. R Q O I L Y F I S H F W A V I Q O F N N R B Q W Q T R F G J J Q A F H R R S I I F P E E S C U R V Y K R N G N F A D G G G N F R W F V Q C C L T T I L C N H H H I M V Q I V B N M E A R I C K E T S T O R H D W Y B P S E R D N O B S D E D B R O L E R U M E H J E G L X E S F S F L A N G R A T R L R S A J J I T O G A V I N Y T T S L W L R I L F G D A R T L M N G D M N J K L A N M S A D A C E R A K D E W S U N L I G H T O T Y N A M E C A N S D F G N B K R I T T T L T R O K I A E N S U N L I G A Y U E Q U S T U L A G S B V I W U A D F G H N R T Y L T V E H S T S A A N A E M I A E M B R A H E C O J U K M T D C V B R S T Y U I L V A S L B B A D E E T O S T E O M A L A C I A Q O F E R R T Y G H K D Q W S A D T R Y U M T D F O L A T E E F X V B N G T R W Q U G D G H Y C K L P M E N E R G Y E S Z L N Clues 1 This is caused by not having enough vitamin A (2 words together) 2 These are a good source of vitamin A (2 words together) 3 The name of the disease children get if they do not have enough vitamin D 4 The name of the disease that adults get if they do not have enough vitamin D 5 The action of this on your skin helps you make vitamin D in your body 6 Vitamins A, C and E all have this same function in the body (to stop chemicals that get into the body from damaging it) 7 Vitamins A, D, E and K are all soluble 8 Vitamin K helps your blood to do this when you cut yourself 9 You need vitamin B1 to help release this from your food 10 The name of the disease you get from a deficiency of vitamin B1 11 You get this symptom if you do not have enough vitamin B2 (two words together) 12 These fruits are a very good source of vitamin C 13 The chemical name for vitamin B9 14 This is a condition you get if you don t absorb enough iron 15 This group of foods provides lots of the B vitamins and includes wheat, rice and oats 16 This is the name of the disease you get if you have a deficiency of vitamin B3 17 The vitamin B group and vitamin C are all soluble 18 Vitamin C helps you to absorb this mineral 19 The name of the deficiency disease you get if you don t have enough vitamin C Word prompts Anaemia Antioxidants Beri-beri Cereals Clot Energy Fat Folate Iron Night blindness Oily fish Oranges Osteomalacia Pellagra Rickets Scurvy Sore mouth Sunlight Water

12 Activity: What do vitamins do? 1l Vitamins What do vitamins do? Match each function from the list below to the correct vitamin in the table. Take care: some vitamins perform up to 5 functions! Vitamin Function in the body Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Chapter 1: Nutrients Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2 Vitamin B3 Vitamin B9 Vitamin B12 Vitamin C This vitamin is an antioxidant Works with vitamin B9 to make healthy red blood cells Keeps nerve cells healthy Helps energy to be released from carbohydrate, fat and protein in the body Helps the body absorb iron Keeps connective tissue, which binds the body cells together, healthy This vitamin is an antioxidant Helps energy to be released from carbohydrate in the body Helps energy to be released from food in the body Keeps the skin healthy Helps us see in dim light Helps children to grow Keeps mucous membranes moist and healthy Works with vitamin B12 to make healthy red blood cells Helps to reduce the risk of unborn babies developing spina bifida Helps calcium to be absorbed in the body Helps calcium to strengthen the bones and teeth Helps the blood to clot when the body is injured

13 Activity: Vitamin deficiencies 1m Vitamins Identify the vitamin without which the body suffers the symptoms and diseases listed. The vitamins are listed below the table. Vitamin Deficiency causes Pellagra (diarrhoea, dementia, dermatitis) Rickets in children A deficiency is rare Children don t grow properly Infected mucous membrane Chapter 1: Nutrients Mouth gets sore at the corners Osteomalacia in adults Night blindness leading to total blindness Scurvy Beri-beri May lead to spina bifida in babies Babies sometimes lose some blood at birth Megaloblastic anaemia (large red blood cells) Pernicious anaemia Anaemia Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2 Vitamin B3 Vitamin B9 Vitamin B12 Vitamin C

14 Activity: The importance of minerals 1n Minerals What do minerals do? Match each mineral function from the list below to the correct mineral in the table. The number of functions for each mineral is given in the brackets. Mineral Function in the body Calcium (3) Iron (1) Sodium (3) Chapter 1: Nutrients Fluoride (1) Iodine (1) Phosphorus (4) Makes bones and teeth strong Makes special fat molecules called phospholipids in body cell membranes, especially in the brain and nervous system Controls the amount of water in the body Makes haemoglobin in red blood cells to carry oxygen to all body cells Makes the nerves and muscles work properly Helps the body to use energy from food Strengthens the bones and the enamel in the teeth and helps prevent tooth decay Helps to control muscles and nerves Produces the hormone thyroxin, which controls the metabolic rate of the body Helps the body release energy from food Essential for chemical reactions in the body Helps the blood to clot when the body is injured With calcium it makes the bones and teeth strong Now match each mineral with the effect of its deficiency in the human body. Mineral Deficiency in the body Rickets in children Osteomalacia in adults Muscles and nerves don t work properly Blood will not clot properly over a wound after an injury Anaemia Tiredness, weakness, weak nails, lack of energy Muscle cramps Weak tooth enamel More chance of tooth decay Swelling in neck goitre Mental handicap (cretinism) in new-born babies A deficiency is rare Sodium, Fluoride, Iron, Iodine, Calcium, Phosphorus

15 1.1.5 Minerals 1 Activity: Minerals crossword 1o Chapter 1: Nutrients Clues across 1 The main mineral in body 4 This is likely to happen to the teeth if you don t have enough fluoride 6 You lose sodium in this when you are hot 7 It takes unborn babies this amount of time to build up a store of iron in their bodies 8 Calcium is needed to make these work properly in the body 9 This mineral is needed to make a substance in red blood cells 11 This is the name of the substance in red blood cells for which iron is needed 14 This is the name of the hormone that iodine helps you make 16 This is the name of the health condition you get if you do not have enough iron 17 This mineral is needed to strengthen the teeth 20 You need this in order to absorb iron in the body 21 These are special fat molecules found in cell membranes for which you need phosphorus 23 You need to do plenty of this to help calcium to be laid down in your bones and teeth 24 You would get this pain in your arms and legs if you did not have enough sodium in your body 26 If you do not have enough calcium, this will happen to your bones and teeth 27 This mineral will be lost if you have sickness and diarrhoea 28 This is a very important time of life for laying down minerals in your bones and teeth 29 If you do not have enough iron you will not have much of this

16 1.1.5 Minerals 2 Activity: Minerals crossword 1o Clues down 1 If you lack calcium in your diet, this will not happen to your blood if you are injured 2 This mineral makes a hormone that controls your metabolic rate 3 Iron is needed so that red blood cells can carry this substance around the body to all its cells 4 If you do not have enough iron, you will feel like this a lot of the time 5 Calcium is needed to make these work properly in the body 10 This is what you get in your neck if you do not have enough iodine 12 You need this to absorb calcium in the body 13 You need this mineral to release energy from food and for other chemical reactions in the body 15 If you do not have enough iron, these will become weak and split 18 This is the name of the deficiency disease adults can get if they do not have enough calcium in their diet 19 This is the name of the deficiency disease children can get if they do not have enough calcium in their diet 22 Sodium controls the amount of this substance we have in our bodies 25 If you don t have enough of this mineral, this substance on the outside of your teeth can weaken Chapter 1: Nutrients Optional: Answers to choose from: adolescence goitre anaemia haemoglobin calcium iodine clot iron decay load bearing exercise enamel muscle cramp energy muscles nerves osteomalacia oxygen phospholipids phosphorus rickets sodium three months thyroxin tired vitamin C vitamin D water weaken fluoride nails sweat

17 Activity: The importance of water 1p Water Water is vital for the human body to function properly. Study the statements below and then write a sentence that explains why water is important in each of them. Chapter 1: Nutrients Body temperature is regulated by water. 2 Water is used by the body to digest food. 3 Water helps remove waste from the body. 4 Water helps us breathe. 5 Water is good for our skin. 6 Water is important in maintaining the health of our blood.

18 Activity: Dehydration 1q Water You have volunteered to help with the First Aid team at an athletics meeting on a hot summer s day. An athlete is brought to the tent suffering from a list of symptoms. Study the symptoms below and explain why each of them is a sign of dehydration. Chapter 1: Nutrients The athlete has a bad headache. She feels weak and sick. She is very hot and can t cool down. Her skin looks wrinkled. She is obviously feeling dazed and confused. Your friend in the First Aid tent agrees with you that the athlete is dangerously dehydrated and suggests that she drinks two large bottles of water immediately. You disagree with this suggestion. Why?