Sadasivam Kaushik. UR1067, INRA, Nutrition, Metabolism & Aquaculture Unit St-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France

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1 Issues and achievements Sadasivam Kaushik UR1067, INRA, Nutrition, Metabolism & Aquaculture Unit St-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France Grant number: FP Jan 2012 Dec 2016

2 Kick off meeting in 2012, INRA Paris

3 EU28 aquaculture : 5 species make up for 90% of production Salmonids, marine fish and cyprinids consume over 60% of fish meal and over 80% of fish oil used for aquaculture Over reliance on these finite resources is questionable, not sustainable

4 Seafood is good for your heart. provided the nutritional value is maintained.. what you feed is what you get

5 Reduction of FM & FO in feeds is already well under way EU projects (FP5 & FP6) over the past ten years: PEPPA dealt with fishmeal (FM) replacement by plant protein sources (trout, gilthead seabream) RAFOA dealt with fish oil (FO) replacement by veg oils (salmon, trout, European seabass). => FORM for collective dissemination to stakeholders Aquamax, an FP6 integrated project, dealt with combined replacement of FM & FO (salmon, trout, seabream, carps)

6 Arraina : Overall objectives Grant number: FP Jan 2012 Dec 2016 To develop sustainable alternative aquaculture feeds tailored to the nutritional requirements of European farmed fish species, over their respective full life cycles, with reduced levels of fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) To assess the long term physiological consequences by applying targeted predictive tools applicable to multiple species of European farmed fish To provide flexibility in the use of various ingredients in the formulation of feeds which are cost-efficient, environmentally friendly and that ensure production of seafood of high nutritional value and quality The issue is to study the effects over the whole life cycle in five different species having different biological cycles

7 Arraina : How do we go about Define & provide data on the quantitative nutrient requirements WP3 Ensure performance at all physiological stages over the full cycle in fish fed feeds with low levels of fishmeal and fish oil ensure cost efficient, environmental friendly production of seafood of high nutritional value & quality apply targeted predictive tools to assess the long term physiological and environmental consequences WP 4, 5 Develop innovative vectors to deliver specific nutrients WP 2 Tailor fish performance through early nutrition WP 6 Develop predictive tools & biomarkers WP 1 Increase research capacities & expertise : dedicated courses / workshops WP 7

8 The consortium, 10 RTD & 11 industry / SMEs RTD 1. INRA, St-Pée, France (coord) 2. NIFES, Bergen, Norway 3. UoS, Univ. Stirling, Scotland 4. CSIC, Inst Acuicoltura, Torre de la Sal, Spain 5. HCMR, Athens, Greece ULPGC, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canarias, Spain HAKI, Szarvas, Hungary 8. WU, Univ Wageningen, Netherlands USI, Univ Insubria, Italy 10. CCMAR, Centre of Marine Sciences, Portugal

9 The consortium, 10 RTD & 11 industry / SMEs Industrial & SME partners: 11. Biomar (NO) Feeds 12. Sparos (PT) Feed technology 13. VDS, Viviers de Sarrance (FR) Farm: Trout 14. GIFAS (NO) Farm: Salmon 15. LNC, Landcatch (UK) Farm: Salmon ARETA (IT) Biomarkers 17. Norel SA (ES) Additives Karas, Aranykarasz BT (HU) Farm: Carp 19. ADSA, Alevines y Doradas (ES) Farm: bass / bream 20. Aqua TT (IR) Extension INRA Transfert (FR) Management support Stakeholder advisory committee:

10 Update on nutrient requirements (WP3) Available data on micronutrients Data on requirements for minerals, trace elements and vitamins compiled; Systematic review (meta-analysis) on essential amino acids, minerals Dedicated studies Micronutrient package levels as compared to existing recommendations Sulphur amino acid requirements: metabolism, protein turnover, muscle growth Dietary need for phospholipids; Marine PL > Plant PL Interaction between dietary PUFA and vitamin E : Antioxidant protection, fatty acid bioconversion Dietary minerals: Interaction between rearing system & feeds In charge : NIFES Partners involved: INRA, UoS, HCMR, ULPGC, WU, CCMAR, NIFES, BIOMAR, GIFAS, LNS

11 Nutrient requirements : Orals Time Abst # Title Presenting author 11h05 74 Changed micro-nutrient recommendations Hemre for atlantic salmon Salmo salar when fed diets based on plant ingredients 11h Insights into the molecular mechanism of dietary phospholipid requirement of atlantic salmon Salmo salar fry Carmona- Antonanzas 11h45 20 Dietary methionine availability affects muscle Belghit proteolysis (autophagy) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 12h Influence of dietary micronutrients on growth Taylor / Tocher and development of diploid and triploid atlantic salmon Salmo salar (parr) 12h Determination of dietary micronutrients levels in gilthead seabream diets high in vegetable meals and oils: effects on bone morphology Domínguez In charge : NIFES Partners involved: INRA, UoS, HCMR, ULPGC, WU, CCMAR, NIFES, BIOMAR, GIFAS, LNS

12 Arraina Long term trials (WP4) Feeds with very low levels of FM and FO (low FIFO ); Alternatives: mainly plant sources* Long-term feeding trials in all species: Growth & development, metabolic consequences, health & disease outcomes, novel methods of assessing flesh quality, reproductive performance, environmental impacts Species Salmon Trout Seabass Seabream Carp Fishmeal Fish Oil * Protein / amino acid sources Cereals: corn gluten meal, wheat gluten, wheat Oil seed meals: soybean meal, soy protein concentrate, rapeseed meal, Pulses: peas, lupin, faba bean Krill, blood meal Oils & Fatty acid sources: soybean oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil In charge : UoS Partners involved: All

13 Long term trials TIme Abst # Title 12h Effect of dietary broodstock history and first feeding diets on transcriptome of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss alevins 14h Fish performance and quality of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed extremely low fish meal and fish oils diets with or without butyrate supplementation 14h Effects of dietary interventions on glutathione content and activity of glutathione related enzymes in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax 15h effects of complete replacement of fish meal and fish oil by vegetable meals and oil on health and disease resistance of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax Speaker Lazzarotto Pérez Sánchez Cotou Torrecillas In charge : UoS Partners involved: All

14 Develop & validate innovative delivery vectors Techniques (sonophoresis: underwater low-frequency ultrasound) to deliver nutrients (glucose, amino acids) into fish eggs Different delivery vectors (inorganic, AA-chelated, nano-encapsulated) for micronutrients (Se, Mn, Zn, Fe) Enrichment of live prey with selected water-soluble vitamins Microdiets produced by different techniques on feed acceptance, digestion and larval performance In charge : ULPGC Partners involved: SPAROS, USI, BIOMAR, ADSA

15 Develop & validate innovative delivery vectors (WP2) Time Abst # Title Speaker 15h In ovo delivery of nutrients using a sonophoresis Engrola protocol 15h Delivery vectors for minerals at early life stages of marine fish Ghrab In charge : ULPGC Partners involved: SPAROS, USI, BIOMAR, ADSA

16 Nutritional programming (WP6) Can we change the fish? Nutritional events early in life can induce acquisition of new phenotype persisting later in life Time Abst # Title Presenting author 16h10 13 Low dietary protein: carbohydrate ratio associated with Panserat vegetable oils during first-feeding and their consequences on metabolism in rainbow trout juvenile 16h30 25 Transcriptomic analysis reveals molecular mechanisms Geurden mediating enhanced feed acceptance of plant-based diet in rainbow trout following early exposure at first feeding 16h Parental feeding with linseed oil and alpha-tocopherol Montero affects gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata performance of progeny during on-growing 17h The role of early nutritional stimuli as modulators of metabolic pathways in seabream post-larvae: a nutritional programming approach Rocha In charge : INRA Partners involved: UoS, CCMAR, ULGPC, HAKI

17 Identify, validate and add biomarkers (WP1) Oct 16, 2014 Time Abst # Title Speaker 10h Digestive function in gilthead seabream larvae fed on different types of Yúfera microdiet 10h The gene expression gradient through the intestine tract of european sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax Calduch- Giner 11h Histopathological and transcriptional scoring of intestinal traits in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed low fish meal and fish oil diets with butyrate supplementation Estensoro 11h Interaction of feed contaminants with dietary vitamin a supplementation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) 11h Advanced analytical approaches to investigate the presence of undesirables from feed to fish. Atlantic salmon and gilthead sea bream as a case study 12h Effects of fish feeds supplemented with fish oil or vegetable oil on the growth performance, innate immune response and disease resistance of common carp fingerlings 12h Expression profile of molecular biomarker in relation to essential fatty acid deficiency in the diet of common carp broodstocks Berntssen Nácher Mestre Ardó Kumar In charge : CSIC Partners involved: INRA, UoS, NIFES, ULPGC, USI

18 Identify, validate and add biomarkers Data on potential biomarkers for possible physiological or metabolic effects In charge : CSIC Partners involved: INRA, UoS, NIFES, ULPGC, USI

19 Environmental impacts (WP5) Oct 16, 2014 Time Abst # Title Speaker 12h A modeling tool to compare the environmental impact Silva of different fish feed formulations In charge : UoS Partners involved: All

20 Dissemination & training (WP7) What we are doing here Forthcoming in 2014 Arraina Course Technology for Novel Fish Feeds Oct, Olhão, Algarve, Portugal Organised by Sparos & WU In charge : WU Partners involved: Aqua TT, INRA, all partners