Rendered Animal Products: Advances in Non-Fishmeal Protein Sources

Transcription

1 Rendered Animal Products: Advances in Non-Fishmeal Protein Sources Dr Richard Smullen Group Technical and R&D Manager Dr Mark Booth Dr Brett Glencross Dr Giovanni Turchini

2 WHO ARE RIDLEY AQUA-FEED Ridley Group - Largest Australian commercial provider of high performance animal nutrition solutions 1.8mt Value proposition: close collaboration with farms to meet unique requirements Assured Quality: Certified to ISO 9001:2000 Fully integrated HACCP system GlobalGap accredited Rendered animal products

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4 The World Renderers Organisation; Representing the Animal by-product processing sector around the world. Mission: Biosecurity in the food-chain with optimum nutritional quality in safe, sustainable products

5 WRO Member Countries 30 members [inc allied members] in 23 Countries

6 Rendering: Simplified Process Flow diagram Raw material Sizing Drying/Cooking Pressing Decanting Cooling Grinding Centrifuge Processed Proteins MBM or PAP Rendered Fat Tallow

7 Total PAP for Aqua ~ 10 millon tonnes pa Production of PAP around the World EU A Australia New Zealand Other North America ALL PAP = >14 million Tonnes pa EU B EU A = non ruminant PAP, approved for Aqua EU B = Ruminant PAP, approved for Companion South America

8 * Over next 5-10 years Legislation/consumer constraints PAP s and Rendered Animal Fats Availability*: Stable, possibly growth from EU PAP [if available ] Price: Dependent on other commodities Crude Oil, Soya harvest Innovation: Improve harvest and quality of raw materials Technology: Improve process to optimise nutrition quality

9 WRO Publications: Ensuring Safe Products

10 Carbon Footprint studies with PAP* and comparisons with Fishmeals gco2/tonne pressed A 110 B monopap monopap fishmeal fishmeal fishmeal Preliminary study information 3 different studies NB: monopap: PAP from monogastric species [Poultry] A = Process uses biofuel energy B = Process uses fossil fuel energy * Reference; Ramirez et-al [ 2011] Environmental Science & Technology

11 Australian Production and Destination Uses of animal protein meals (meat and bone meal, poultry meal, feather meal and blood meal) Uses of animal fats (tallow and poultry oil)

12 Australian Production and Destination

13 Some definitions and Remarks Processed Animal Protein [PAP] is an EU term For this presentation PAP = All Animal Feed grade Animal protein meals. including MBM

14 Drive to Sustainability

15 Growth of Aquaculture

16 What s Driving the Growth of Aquaculture

17 Regional seafood consumption kg / person / year Japan East Asia & Pacific South East Asia 29.6 China 41 Nth America & Can Rest of World Europe & Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean Sth Asia excl. India 15.7 Middle East & Nth Africa 9.4 Sub-Saharan Africa 5.6 India 6.6 Fish to 2030 Prospects for Fisheries & Aquaculture World Bank Dec 2013; baseline model page 45

18 Commodity Price Variability $2,500 Crude Oil USD$/barrel $2,000 $1,500 Fishmeal - USD$/tonne Wheat - USD$/tonne Soybean Meal - USD$/tonne $1,000 $500 $0 Aug-87 May-90 Jan-93 Oct-95 Jul-98 Apr-01 Jan-04 Oct-06 Jul-09 Apr-12 Dec-14 Data Source: indexmundi.com

19 Price (US$/tonne fob) Commodity Price Variability 3000 Soy oil - CIF Rott Rapeseed oil - cif Rott. PalmOil - fob Malay FishBulk - fob Peru Dec-03 Dec-04 Dec-05 Dec-06 Dec-07 Dec-08 Dec-09 Dec-10 Dec-11 Dec-12 Dec-13 Dec-14 Data Source: Hammersmith Marketing/Indexmundi

20 Global compound aquafeed predictions to 2020 Based on species EFCR note: production of fed species (mmt) Total production Total feeds FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture Technical Paper 564; Tacon, Hassan & Metian (2011); page 15

21 Formulations for the future now! The use of PAP and Oil Multiple retailers pushing for greater sustainability of aqua-feeds Public demanding greater sustainability

22 What is Fish In Fish Out? How much wild fish does it take to make farmed fish or prawns

23 What is Fish In Fish Out? This data is out of date for Australia Barramundi are net fish producers, salmon close to 1:1

24 Lots of R&D on rendered meals & fats

25 Typical Ranges of PAP and Oils in Aquaculture Feeds FAO State of the Worlds Fisheries & Aquaculture 2012; page 179

26 Practical use of PAP

27 Practical use of PAP

28 From Gau et al., 2007 Fish Meal Amino Acid Profile

29 Fish Meal Amino Acid Profile EAA (g.kg -1 ) Thr Val Met Cys Ile Leu Tyr Phe Lys His Arg Fish Meal From Gau et al., 2007

30 Poultry Meal Amino Acid Profile EAA (g.kg -1 ) Thr Val Met Cys Ile Leu Tyr Phe Lys His Arg Poultry Meal Fish Meal From Gau et al., 2007

31 Meat and Bone Meal Amino Acid Profile EAA (g.kg -1 ) Thr Val Met Cys Ile Leu Tyr Phe Lys His Arg Meat and Bone Meal Poultry Meal Fish Meal From Gau et al., 2007

32 Soya Bean and Canola Meal Amino Acid Profile EAA (g.kg -1 ) Thr Val Met Cys Ile Leu Tyr Phe Lys His Arg Meat and Bone Meal Poultry Meal Fish Meal Soya Bean Meal Canola Meal From Gau et al., 2007

33 Blood Meal Amino Acid Profile EAA (g.kg -1 ) Thr Val Met Cys Ile Leu Tyr Phe Lys His Arg From Gau et al., 2007 Meat and Bone Meal Blood Meal Poultry Meal Fish Meal Soya Bean Meal Canola Meal

34 Feather Meal Amino Acid Profile EAA (g.kg -1 ) Thr Val Met Cys Ile Leu Tyr Phe Lys His Arg From Gau et al., 2007 Meat and Bone Meal Feather Meal Blood Meal Poultry Meal Fish Meal Soya Bean Meal Canola Meal

35 Blended Amino Acid Profile EAA (g.kg -1 ) Thr Val Met Cys Ile Leu Tyr Phe Lys His Arg Fish Meal From Gau et al., 2007

36 Blended Amino Acid Profile EAA (g.kg -1 ) Thr Val Met Cys Ile Leu Tyr Phe Lys His Arg Fish Meal AM11 From Gau et al., 2007

37 Blended Amino Acid Profile EAA (g.kg -1 ) Thr Val Met Cys Ile Leu Tyr Phe Lys His Arg Fish Meal AM11 AM22 From Gau et al., 2007

38 Blended Amino Acid Profile Ingredient Control MBM PM AM11 AM12 AM13 AM21 AM22 AM23 Fish Meal Meat Meal 10.5 Poultry Meal 17.5 Blood Meal AM AM Soya Bean Meal Other Total DP/DE From Gau et al., 2007

39 Blended Amino Acid Profile 2.2 SGR Control MBM POM AM11 AM12 AM13 AM21 AM22 AM FCR 0.9 Control MBM POM AM11 AM12 AM13 AM21 AM22 AM23

40 Fishmeal Replacement Indoor Tank Trial All diets formulated to 42%Protein,7%Lipid Lupin kernel meal and Poultry Offal Meal used as alternative protein sources Each treatment replicated n=5 Trial run for 42days Survival = 93.3 ± 0.94% 1.10 Growth Rate (g/wk) R 2 =0.747 P=0.026 P. monodon Fishmeal Inclusion (%)

41 Bioactive Biomass Production - Novacq? Origins in Gain Rate (g/wk) PCT Patent : AU200820xxxx >50% Without With Novacq

42 Optimal inclusion level All diets formulated to 42% Protein,7% Lipid Fishmeal and wheat gluten used as main protein sources Each treatment replicated n=5 Trial run for 35 days Survival = 84.1 ± 1.04% Gain Rate (g/wk) >90% Gain Basal performance Experiment P. monodon

43 Commercial evaluation in Australia in Shrimp weight (g) + Novacq Commercial Diet On-Farm Data Time (weeks) P. monodon farm 5 x 1ha pond per diet 22% Survival 85% 78% Relative Gain 200% 180% 160% 140% 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Laboratory Data 21% Basal Run-1 Run-2 Commercial Enhance Commercial+ Enhance Production Variability + Novacq

44 Replacing Fish Meals and Oils Indoor Tank Trial 2 All diets formulated to 42%Protein, 7%Lipid Lupin kernel meal and Poultry Offal Meal used as alternative protein sources, Linseed oil as alternative oil Each treatment replicated n=5 Trial run for 42days Survival = 89.8± 1.13% P. monodon 1.60 Gain Rate (g/wk) % 114% 105% 86% 106% Fish meal Y 10% Y 10% N N 10% 10% N N Fish oil Bioactive Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y N Y N N Y N N N Y

45 Fish Oil Replacement with Beef Tallow Deakin University Trial Facilities Dr Giovanni Turchini and James Emery

46 Fish Oil Replacement with Beef Tallow Replacing poultry oil by tallow in juvenile Atlantic Salmon (init. wt. 138g), freshwater, 10 C, 14 weeks CD = normal commercial oil blend 25% FO % 75% POL TAL included at 10% increments replacing POL (i.e. 50TAL = 25%FO, 50%TAL and 25%POL) Feed Ratio (% bwt/day) FCR CD 10TAL 20TAL 30TAL 40TAL 50TAL CD 10TAL 20TAL 30TAL 40TAL 50TAL Emery, Smullen, Turchini (2014) Tallow in Atlantic salmon feed. Aquaculture :98-108

47 Fish Oil Replacement with Beef Tallow Weight Gain (%) CD 10TAL 20TAL 30TAL 40TAL 50TAL Growth & Biometry: No statistically different results SGR (%bd wt/day) CD 10TAL 20TAL 30TAL 40TAL 50TAL Fatty acids: Inclusion of TAL: Improved n-3 LC-PUFA status Greatly reduced total n-6 PUFA Greatly improved n-6/n-3 ratio Full details: Emery, Smullen, Turchini (2014) Tallow in Atlantic salmon feed. Aquaculture :98-108

48 Final product quality: Panel test: no differences were recorded between the two products for fresh, cooked, cold smoked and hot smoked salmon Fatty acids: Compared to Control (CD), fillet of fish fed tallow (TAL) had: Significantly higher EPA and DHA (EPA+DHA 53.7 vs mg/g lipid) Significantly lower 18:2n-6 Higher trans-fa (TAL has slightly higher trans fat content compared to POL) Significantly reduced n-6/n-3 ratio (better) (1.27 vs 1.50)

49 Juvenile A. salmon (init. wt. 300g), freshwater, 13.1 C, 12weeks Comparison of Poultry vs Tallow vs Canola (FO% constant in all diets) Diets CAN POL TAL Av initi wt g 295.4± ± ±5.4 2-way ANOVA P values Oil n.s. Av final wt g 579.1± ± ±18.0 Gain g 283.8± ± ±13.7 Gain% 96.5± ± ±3.5 FCR 1.03±0.03bc 0.96±0.02ab 0.94±0.03ab SGR 0.80± ± ±0.02 n.s n.s n.s. Av feed intake %bw/day 0.79± ± ±0.01 n.s.

50 Fish Oil Replacement with Poultry Oil Complete replacement using Poultry Oil - 12-week trial; 208g initial weight to 550g final weight - 52P:16L extruded diets with 15% fishmeal FCR (feed/gain) FCR Gain Weight gain (g/fish) Salini, M.J., Irvin, S., Bourne, N., Blyth, D., Turchini, G., Glencross, B., Marginal efficiencies of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid use by Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) when fed diets with varying blends of fish oil and poultry oil. ISFNF 2014 Proceedings F100:P0 F60:P40 F30:P70 F15:P85 F0:P100 Diets 100% FO 100% PO 0

51 Standardising Assessment

52 What we need Standardise CHARACTERISATION Species, Genotype, Processing, Origin, Analysis,... DIGESTIBILITY Diet-strategy, Faecal collection, Acclimation, Analysis,... PALATABILITY Diet-strategy, Animal size, Inclusion levels, Duration,... UTILISATION Diet-strategy, Animal size, Inclusion levels, Duration,... FUNCTIONALITY Binding ability, Expansion capacity, Hygroscopy,... 52

53 Poultry Analysis - Freshness

54 Case Study - Blood Meal Quality Data

55 Blood meal quality moisture content Maximum GTA Specification Moisture % Minimum GTA Specification 45% fail Sample number 40% fail for low moisture

56 Blood meal quality Mink digestibility

57 Blood meal quality Mink digestibility Mink is a good correlation for moisture digestibility

58 Blood meal quality Barramundi digestibility NSW Fisheries show that a blood meal sample that had 3% moisture had a digestibility in barramundi of only 55%

59 Blood meal quality Mink digestibility Barramundi digestibility

60 PAP Potential Fishmeal replacement 30% Sealey et al, %

61 Summary of PAP and Oil Highly nutritious feed ingredients for Aquaculture Quality protein and fat for diverse species base Safe and hygienic food chain ingredients Sustainable raw materials for now and the future

62 62 Thank You!