Beer Pellet - Perspective Raw Material for. Receiving Xylitol

Transcription

1 Journal of Innovative Technology and Education, Vol. 2, 2015, no. 1, HIKARI Ltd, Beer Pellet - Perspective Raw Material for Receiving Xylitol S. K. Turtabayev 1, G. S. Rysbayeva 2, B. Sh. Kedelbayev 2 and G. S. Shalabayeva 1 1 H.A. Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Kazakhstan 2 M. Auezov South-Kazakhstan State University, Kazakhstan Copyright 2015 S.K. Turtabayev et al. This article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited Abstract They investigated the composition and properties of a beer pellet - grain-wastes of beer production on Shymkentpivo LLP and showed possibility of its use as pentose-containing raw material for receiving xylitol. Xylans of a beer pellet contain a large number of xylose and minimum quantity of undesirable impurity in comparison with traditional raw materials: cotton peel, corn cobs, etc. Keywords: beer pellet, pentosans, hexosans, xylose, xylitol hydrolysis Introduction It is known that processes of hydrolysis of carbonaceous raw materials have big prospects in modern technology (1-2). Now the brewing industry dynamically developing branch occupying an important place in economy. The main waste of beer production is the beer pellet which is a source of valuable substances. Subjecting a beer pellet to hydrolysis, it is possible to receive xylose, an initial connection for xylitol synthesis. It contains cellulose, protein, fats, hemicellulose, farina and biologically active agents in the structure, it is of special interest as a raw material for receiving a number of valuable connections, including in the hydrolytic industry. The malt pellet (GST "A pellet pothouse crude") is formed as the residue after separation of a liquid phase beer mash - in the course of a jam filtration. The pellet consists from liquid (45%) and firm (55%) phases. The firm phase of a pellet contains a cover and insoluble part of grain [3]. The pellet pothouse

2 58 S. K. Turtabayev et al. crude represents a sediment of light- brown color with specific smell and taste. The pellet may contain to 88% of water and is stored during 24hours at ambient temperature. The chemical composition of a pellet fluctuates depending on quality and range of the processed grain products, the grade of the produced beer [4]. On average the beer pellet contains (%): Water 75 Dry solids 25 Including protein 5,3-7,1 Crude cellulose 3,5-4,0 Fat 1,5-1,8 Annitrogen extrative substances 8,7-11,6 Ash 0,5-0,7 [4] In order to solve the tasks set in our work we are interested in the contents of pentosans therefore taking into account this aspect the structure of the pellet is given in table 1. Table 1 Chemical composition of the beer pellet Indicator % Carbon-black substances 5,50 The easily hydrolyzed polysaccharides 21,32 The hardly hydrolyzed polysaccharides 24,66 Hexosans 17,68 Pentosans (without uranium acids) 28,03 Presence at the easily hydrolyzed fraction of xylose, pectine sugar and mannose testifies to existence in the studied pellet of hemicellulose like xylans, arabinoxylans, mannans which are strongly connected with cellulose. The high content of glucose (18,65%) in the hardly hydrolyzed fraction testifies to existence in structure of the beer pellet of cellulose, as well hardly hydrolyzed β glucan [5]. D-Mannose is a component of various high-molecular polysaccharides mucilage and hemicellulose. D-mannose is yeasted. Mannose can be received at hydrolysis of hemicellulose by acid. Specific rotation of water solutions of mannose after setting of balance between α-and β-forms is equal to +14,2 o L- pectine sugar contains in grains of cereals in the form of component of mucilage, gum, pectic substance and hemicellulose. Pectine sugar is received by acid hydrolysis of cherry glue or beet bagasse. Specific rotation of water solutions after completion of mutarotation is +104,5 o. L- pectine sugar isn't yeasted. D- xylose (wood sugar). It is contained in grains cereals, being a part of mucilage, gum, hemicellulose. By usual yeast xylose isn't fermented. Specific rotation of water solutions after completion of mutarotation is +18,8 o. As a part of the pellet are found free amino acids and amino acids of protein. Phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and other elements are a mineral

3 Beer pellet - perspective raw material for receiving xylitol 59 part of the pellet. So rich protein mineral structure of the beer pellet defines expediency of its use in various industries, including in hydrolytic production. Preservation of the beer pellet ingredients depends on the way of its transportation (hydraulic, mechanical, pneumatic). It is known that raw materials for xylitol production are vegetable wastes of agriculture rich with pentosans, but the high content in plant materials of pentosans isn't the only criterion determining their technical advantages as raw materials for xylitol production. The physical structure of vegetable raw materials, as well quality of the pentose hydrolysates received at hydrolysis is of great importance. The analysis of literary data [6] testifies to the high content of pentoses in the beer pellet, but the final conclusion of its availability as pentose-containing raw materials for receiving xylitol can be drawn only after studying of xylans structure of the beer pellet as in literature there is no data on physical structure, chemical composition and efficiency of hydrolysis of beer pellet xylans. Nowadays the beer pellet is the object of research as a source of valuable connections, but in literature there is data only on the general chemical composition of the beer pellet, and its xylans were not practically investigated. Besides, the pellet structure depends on quality of malt, quantity of unmalted raw materials, as well the grade of the produced beer. Therefore were investigated the beer pellet and its xylans, i.e. the main sources of xylose at hydrolysis of the beer pellet. Experimental part The purpose of our researches is development of technology of beer pellet hydrolysis providing: simplification of the production technology, improving of hydrolysate high quality, increase of xylose share in hydrolysate, reduction of time of hydrolysis process. For this purpose it is necessary to investigate influence of all parameters of the technological mode and to develop mathematical model of the process for the purpose to choose optimum conditions of realization of hydrolysis process of the beer pellet. Nowadays the beer pellet is object of research as a source of valuable connections, but in literature there is only data on the general chemical composition of the beer pellet, but its xylans are not practically investigated. Besides, the pellet structure depends on quality of malt, quantity of unmalted raw materials, as well the grade of the produced beer. Therefore were investigated the beer pellet and its xylans, i.e. the main sources of xylose at hydrolysis of the beer pellet. As the research object was used the beer pellet from Shymkentpivo LLP received by production of beer Shymkentskoe. Definition of cellulose in waste was carried out on Genneberg and Shtoman's method [7]. For allocation of beer pellet xylans were used the delignified plant material received by method. Then xylans were analyzed on the content of the making chemicals: pentosans were determined by pentose, uranium acids by the method of Dickson.

4 60 S. K. Turtabayev et al. The quantity of structural components of xylans was determined by Trevelian and Harris's method [8]. Results and discussion The obtained data testify to qualitative compliance of the studied pellet pothouse to literary data, Table 2 General structure of the beer pellet Components Contents, % Average on I party II party 1 The easily hydrolyzed polysaccharides 2 The hardly hydrolyzed polysaccharides 3 Carbon-black substances 1 Hexosans 2 Pentosans literature 21,32 24,66 5,5 17,68 28,03 25,7 22,1 4,3 16,21 30,05 26,0 22,9 4,2 16,29 31,12 but quantitative indices differ for 1 4% from literary ones, and both parties of the studied beer pellet give well reproduced and coinciding values that testifies to stability of the technological mode on Shymkentpivo LLP and high quality of analyses. Table 3 General chemical composition of the dry beer pellet Components Contents, % Average on I,2005 II,2006 literature 1Moisture 8,67 8,03 7,98 2 Crude protein 23,44 21,22 20,97 3 Crude fat 7,75 8,32 8,01 4 Crude ashes 2,5 2,75 3,01 5 Crude cellulose 14,3 17,50 18,10 6 Annitrogen extrative substances, including microelements and amino acids 43,44 42,18 41,93

5 Beer pellet - perspective raw material for receiving xylitol 61 Table 4 Chemical composition of xylans Components Contents, % I,2005 II, Reducing substances 98,7 97,9 2 Pentosans 82,4 83,5 3 Uranium acid 5,23 5,91 4 Lignin 1,5 0,09 5 Ashes 0,11 0,09 The obtained data validate the choice of research object for hydrolysis as the beer pellet contains the xylans, high quantity of xylose and minimum quantity of undesirable impurity in comparison with the raw materials most often used for receiving xylitol: cotton peel, corn cobs, etc. Table 5 The quantitative content of sugars in xylans Sugars Contents, % I,2005 II, 2006 Xylose 83,1 82,5 Pectine sugar 11,7 12,1 Rhamnose 0,15 0,19 Glucose 2,15 2,20 Galactose 2,90 3,01 Total Conclusion Predesigns (9) show that at the average content of xylose as a part of sugars in xylans of 82-83%, the general content of pentosans in the beer pellet 30 31% and at initial humidity of the pellet 70% 1 kg of the damp beer pellet contains M=74,12g of xylose. It means, at full hydrolysis of polysaccharides of the beer pellet in the water environment with the hydro module of 1:10 and the specific density of initial suspension of 1015 kg/m 3 the received hydrolysate may theoretically contain about 6,76% of xylose.

6 62 S. K. Turtabayev et al. = = 6,76% or the general concentration of sugars can reach 8,19% = = 8,19% Maximally possible theoretically high quality of hydrolysate will make: = 100% = 83,79% These sizes have to serve further as approximate size for assessment of efficiency of the chosen parameters and mode of hydrolysis, as well the whole technology of hydrolysis in general. It is also necessary to consider that theoretically the content of xylose can even be higher than these sizes as uranium acids can dispart forming xylose. Thus, chosen by us pentose containing raw materials the beer pellet - can be used for receiving xylitol by hydrolysis and hydrogenation. References [1] Bin Yang, Ziyu Dai, Shi-You Ding & Charles E Wyman, Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass, Biofuels, 2 (2011), no. 4, [2] Sylvia C. Alcazar-Alay, Fiorella P. Cardenas-Toro, Diego T. Santos, M. Angela A. Meireles, Study of an Extraction Process as the Pretreatment Step for Sugar Production from Acid Hydrolysis, Food and Public Health, 5 (2015), no. 2, [3] A.P. Kolpakchi, N.V. Golikova, O.V. Andreyeva, Secondary material resources of brewing, M.: Agropromizdat, [4] V. G. Tikhomirov, Technology of brewing and nonalcoholic productions, M.: Kolos, 1999, 448. [5] K. Pekher, Thermal utilization of the beer pellet//beer and drinks, [6] Yu. I. Holkin, New methods of hydrolysis of vegetable raw materials - M.: [7] A.P. Kolpakchi, Secondary material resources of brewing. - M.: Agropromizdat,

7 Beer pellet - perspective raw material for receiving xylitol 63 [8] E.D. Gelfand, To classification of methods of hydrolysis of vegetable raw materials//wood chemistry, Moscow, 1984, - no. 2, - P [9] М. Satayev, В. Shakirov, В. Mutaliyeva, L. Satayeva, R. Altynbekov, O. Baiysbay, R. Alibekov, Mathematical modeling of methoxyanabasine C11H16N2O polymer solution ultrafiltration, Heat and Mass Transfer, 48 (2012), no. 6, Received: October 2, 2015; Published: December 12, 2015