Use the food chain to suggest how copper and arsenic get into the body of a sparrowhawk

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Level 5 Biology Questions 1. Copper and arsenic are present in the soil near copper mines. When earthworms eat this soil they change from brown to bright yellow.

1 Level 5 Biology Questions 1. Copper and arsenic are present in the soil near copper mines. When earthworms eat this soil they change from brown to bright yellow. The copper and arsenic are not poisonous to earthworms. (a) Earthworms are part of the food chain shown below. not to scale (i) Use the food chain to suggest how copper and arsenic get into the body of a sparrowhawk. (ii) Mary suggested that blackbirds are more likely to catch bright yellow earthworms than brown earthworms. Give one reason why this might be true. Mary wanted to count the bright yellow earthworms and the brown earthworms in the soil at different distances from the mines. What important information about the soil could she get from her results? Moulsham High School 1

(c) The drawings below show an earthworm and three other worms. not to scale The ragworm belongs to the same group as the earthworm. How can you tell this from the drawings?

2 (c) The drawings below show an earthworm and three other worms. not to scale The ragworm belongs to the same group as the earthworm. How can you tell this from the drawings? (d) The roundworm and some flatworms are parasites. What does this mean? Tick the correct box. They feed only on insects. They feed on other living things and harm them. They live in a burrow. They live in the sea. maximum 5 marks Moulsham High School 2

2. (a) Carbon monoxide, nicotine and tar get into the lungs when a person smokes. Draw a line from each substance to the effect of the substance on the body. Draw only three lines.

3 2. (a) Carbon monoxide, nicotine and tar get into the lungs when a person smokes. Draw a line from each substance to the effect of the substance on the body. Draw only three lines. substance effect of the substance causes addiction to smoking carbon monoxide causes influenza (flu) nicotine causes lung cancer tar causes red blood cells to carry less oxygen 3 marks The coronary arteries carry blood to the heart muscle. The drawing below shows the heart and coronary arteries. Moulsham High School 3

Diagram 2 shows a section through part of a damaged artery.

4 (i) Diagram 1 shows a section through a coronary artery. diagram 1 Smoking can cause damage to the coronary artery. Diagram 2 shows a section through part of a damaged artery. diagram 2 not to scale Look at diagram 2. A blood clot has formed. Give one other change in the coronary artery. Moulsham High School 4

5 (ii) Respiration takes place in the muscle cells of the heart. Explain why a blood clot in the coronary artery prevents these cells respiring normally. 2 marks maximum 6 marks 3. The diagram below shows muscles and bones of a human arm. (a) Why is it important that the tendons do not stretch? The biceps and triceps are an antagonistic pair of muscles. Explain what this means Moulsham High School 5

6 (c) The diagram below shows muscles and bones of a human leg. (i) Which muscle contracts to move the foot in the direction shown by the arrow? Give the letter.... (ii) Which two pairs of muscles are antagonistic pairs? Tick the two correct boxes. A and B B and C C and D D and A 2 marks maximum 5 marks Moulsham High School 6

7 4. Burning fossil fuels causes air pollution. (a) (i) Give the names of two fossil fuels.... and... (ii) Some fossil fuels contain sulphur. Complete the word equation for the reaction between sulphur and oxygen in the air. sulphur + oxygen... Burning fossil fuels leads to the formation of acid rain. Acid rain has collected in this lake. A helicopter is dropping calcium hydroxide into the lake. Calcium hydroxide dissolves in water to form an alkaline solution. (i) What effect does an alkali have on the ph of an acidic lake? Moulsham High School 7

8 (ii) When calcium hydroxide reacts with sulphuric acid in the lake a calcium salt is formed. What is the name of this salt? Tick the correct box. calcium carbonate calcium chloride calcium nitrate calcium sulphate (c) The photograph below shows trees damaged by acid rain. (i) The trees have lost their leaves and have died. Explain why leaves are needed for a tree to grow. (ii) What effect does acid rain have on buildings made from limestone? maximum 6 marks Moulsham High School 8

9 5. (a) When fertilisation takes place, the nucleus of a sperm joins with the nucleus of an ovum (egg). In which part of the reproductive system does fertilisation normally take place in humans? Tick the correct box. cervix ovary oviduct uterus The table below gives information about fertilisation in three animals. animal Does fertilisation take place inside or outside the body? Number of eggs released at a time human inside 1 bird inside 4 frog outside 3000 Frogs release their eggs and sperm into water. The eggs are fertilised in the water. Why is it an advantage for frogs to release large numbers of eggs and sperm? (c) The diagram shows a section through a fertilised egg of a bird. Moulsham High School 9

10 (i) The shell of a bird s egg is porous. This means it has microscopic holes in it. Why does it need to be porous? (ii) Give one other function of the egg shell. (d) A bird s egg contains yolk which is a food store for the developing chick. A human egg does not contain yolk. Why does a human egg not need to contain a food store for the embryo? maximum 5 marks Moulsham High School 10

11 6. Harry investigated the effects of fizzy cola drink on his heart rate. First he measured his heart rate every minute for 5 minutes when sitting down. Then he drank some cola. He continued to measure his heart rate at regular intervals. This is a graph of his results heart rate (beats per minute) time (minutes) (a) Why did Harry measure his heart rate every minute for 5 minutes before drinking his cola? Harry says cola affects his heart rate. What evidence is there in the graph to support his idea that cola affects his heart rate? Moulsham High School 11

...... (d) Yasmin said, We should also measure Harry s heart rate after he drinks fizzy water.

12 (c) Harry and Yasmin came to the following conclusions. Harry Yasmin Explain why Yasmin s conclusion is better than Harry s conclusion (d) Yasmin said, We should also measure Harry s heart rate after he drinks fizzy water. How would measuring Harry s heart rate after he drinks fizzy water improve the investigation? maximum 4 marks 7. (a) The animals drawn below all have backbones. not to scale (i) What word describes animals with a backbone?... Moulsham High School 12

(ii) There are five groups of animals with a backbone. Only four groups are shown above Give the name of the missing group... The drawing below shows the human backbone.

13 (ii) There are five groups of animals with a backbone. Only four groups are shown above Give the name of the missing group... The drawing below shows the human backbone. It is made up of a number of small bones. Why is it an advantage that the backbone is made up of small bones rather than one long bone? (c) The drawing below shows two small bones from the backbone. Between the small bones there is a material called cartilage. Cartilage is softer than bone. Give one advantage of having a softer material between the bones Moulsham High School 13

14 (d) The diagram below shows the bones and two muscles of an arm. The biceps and triceps are muscles which raise and lower the forearm. What happens to the biceps and triceps to raise the forearm? the biceps... the triceps... maximum 5 marks 8. In January 2002, thousands of pupils recorded the numbers of different birds seen in their gardens in one hour. They sent their results to the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds who have kept data for many years. (a) Why are the results from this survey more reliable than one person s observation? Pupils observed birds in their gardens for one hour during the last week in January. Give two factors which are being controlled in this survey Moulsham High School 14

(c) Jack s grandad says: Jack says: Jack thinks that the results collected in 2002 cannot test his grandad s idea that sparrows are less common than they used to be.

15 (c) Jack s grandad says: Jack says: Jack thinks that the results collected in 2002 cannot test his grandad s idea that sparrows are less common than they used to be. (i) What additional survey data would Jack need to test his grandad s idea? (ii) What pattern in the survey results would give Jack the evidence that his grandad was correct? maximum 5 marks Moulsham High School 15

The teacher places a microphone near the pupil as she plays her flute. The diagram below shows the pattern on an oscilloscope screen.

(c) The teacher places a microphone near the pupil as she plays her flute. The diagram below shows the pattern on an oscilloscope screen. The pupil then plays her flute at a higher pitch and more quietly.