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1 Name: Page 1 1) A student measures his pulse rate while he is watching television and records it. Next, he walks to a friend's house nearby and when he arrives, measures and records his pulse rate again. He and his friend then decide to run to the mall a few blocks away. On arriving at the mall, the student measures and records his pulse rate once again. Finally, after sitting and talking for a half hour, the student measures and records his pulse rate for the last time. 2) Which graph below best illustrates the expected changes in his pulse rate according to the activities described above? Failure of structure A in the given diagram to function properly would most directly disrupt A) cellular communication B) biological evolution C) chromosome replication D) autotrophic nutrition A) B) C) D)

2 3) A model cell setup is represented in the "Initial State" diagram below. Questions 4 and 5 refer to the following: Page 2 4) After two hours, the color of the liquid in the beaker shown did not change. This shows that Which one of the following diagrams indicates the areas where each of these substances would be located after 20 minutes? A) A) starch did not pass out of the artificial cell B) glucose molecules combined to produce starch in the artificial cell C) glucose moved from the artificial cell into the beaker D) starch was digested to glucose in the artificial cell 5) The laboratory setup shown would most likely be used to demonstrate A) active transport B) dehydration C) diffusion D) carbohydrate synthesis B) C) D)

3 Questions 6 through 8 refer to the following: Page 3 A student prepared four different red blood cell suspensions, as shown in the chart below. 6) Which suspension in the given chart would contain red blood cells that would appear wrinkled and reduced in volume? 10) A student observes some cells with a compound light microscope as shown in view A below. A) A B) B C) C D) D 7) Change in red blood cell volume is principally due to the movement of A) serum B) oxygen C) water D) salt 8) Which process is most likely involved in the change in red blood cell volume shown in the table? A) diffusion C) replication B) active transport D) evaporation What did the student most likely do to obtain view B? A) used a higher magnification B) applied distilled water to the slide C) used electrophoresis D) applied a biological stain to the slide 11) An increase in heart rate will most likely result in A) a decrease in body temperature B) a decrease in metabolic rate C) an increase in cell division D) an increase in pulse rate 9) Which lettered part on the given microscope image should be used to focus the image while using high power?

4 12) In an investigation, 28 students in a class determined their pulse rates after performing each of three different activities. Each activity was performed three times during equal time intervals. The average results are shown in the graph below Page 4 16) Nerve cells are essential to an animal because they directly provide A) regulation of reproductive rates within other cells B) transport of nutrients to various organs C) communication between cells D) an exchange of gases within the body 17) Two types of human cells are shown in the diagram below. Before constructing the graph shown, it would have been most helpful to organize the results of the investigation in A) a research plan C) a data table B) an energy pyramid D) an equation 13) Which body system is correctly paired with its function? A) excretory produces antibodies to fight diseasecausing organisms B) circulatory transports materials for energy release in body cells C) respiratory collects waste material for digestion D) digestive produces hormones for storage and insulation 14) Which one of the following situations indicates a serious organ system malfunction? A) Blood flow throughout the entire body is suddenly reduced. B) Mitochondria stop functioning in a unicellular organism exposed to pollutants. C) White blood cells release enzymes in response to the proteins on inhaled pollen. D) The ovary releases estrogen, which quickly binds to cell receptors. 15) Which of the following systems is correctly paired with its function? A) digestive system transport energy-rich molecules to cells B) circulatory system produce building blocks of complex compounds C) immune system intake and distribution of oxygen to cells of the body D) excretory system remove potentially dangerous materials from the body Cell A causes the cells at B to contract. This activity would be most useful for A) coordinating the functions of organelles B) lifting a book from a bookshelf C) carrying out the process of protein synthesis D) digesting food in the small intestine Questions 18 through 20 refer to the following: 18) The process represented in the diagram best illustrates A) waste disposal B) muscle contraction C) extraction of energy from nutrients D) cellular communication 19) Which statement best describes the diagram? A) Nerve cell Y contains receptor molecules for substance A. B) Nerve cell X is attaching to nerve cell Y. C) Nerve cell Y is signaling nerve cell X. D) Nerve cell X is releasing receptor molecules.

5 20) A drug is developed that, due to its molecular shape, blocks the action of substance A. Which shape would the drug molecule most likely resemble? Page 5 23) Cellular communication is illustrated in the diagram below. A) C) B) D) 21) In an autotrophic organism, substance B in the diagram functions as a A) hormone C) vitamin B) source of energy D) biotic resource 22) Which row in the chart below best describes the active transport of molecule X through a cell membrane? Information can be sent from A) cell B to cell A because cell A is able to recognize signal 1 B) cell A to cell B because cell B is able to recognize signal 1 C) cell A to cell B because cell A is able to recognize signal 2 D) cell B to cell A because cell B is able to recognize signal 2 24) Which substances are found on cell surfaces and respond to nerve and hormone signals? A) subunits of DNA B) starches and simple sugars C) receptor molecules D) vitamins and minerals Questions 25 and 26 refer to the following: The diagram below shows a cell associated with coordination. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 25) Which statement best describes a function of the entire structure shown in the diagram? A) It synthesizes a hormone involved in the control of blood sugar level. B) It unites with an egg cell during fertilization. C) It controls the replication of genetic material. D) It releases chemicals involved in cellular communication.

6 26) In the given diagram, structure X would be involved in the A) storage of digestive enzymes B) synthesis of proteins C) absorption of energy from the Sun D) development of pathogens 27) A process that occurs in the human body is represented in the diagram below Page 6 29) Which statement regarding the functioning of the cell membrane of all organisms is not correct? A) The cell membrane forms a boundary that separates the cellular contents from the outside environment. B) The cell membrane forms a barrier that keeps all substances that might harm the cell from entering the cell. C) The cell membrane is capable of receiving and recognizing chemical signals. D) The cell membrane controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell. 30) Studies of fat cells and thyroid cells show that fat cells have fewer mitochondria than thyroid cells. A biologist would most likely infer that fat tissue Which statement is most closely associated with the diagram? A) Energy from nutrients is utilized for waste disposal. B) Certain molecules are replicated by means of a template. C) Receptor molecules play an important role in communication between cells. D) Small molecules are obtained from large molecules during digestion. 28) Which letter indicates a cell structure that directly controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell? A) requires more energy than thyroid tissue B) requires less energy than thyroid tissue C) does not require energy D) has energy requirements equal to those of thyroid tissue 31) While viewing a slide of rapidly moving sperm cells, a student concludes that these cells require a large amount of energy to maintain their activity. The organelles that most directly provide this energy are known as A) ribosomes C) mitochondria B) chloroplasts D) vacuoles 32) In a cell, information that controls the production of proteins must pass from the nucleus to the A) ribosomes C) mitochondria B) chloroplasts D) cell membrane 33) In a cell, all organelles work together to carry out A) information storage B) active transport C) diffusion D) metabolic processes 34) Which statement accurately compares cells in the human circulatory system to cells in the human nervous system? A) A B) B C) C D) D A) Cells in the nervous system are different in structure from cells in the circulatory system, and they carry out different specialized functions. B) Cells in the nervous system act independently, but cells in the circulatory system function together. C) Cells in the circulatory system carry out the same life function for the organism as cells in the nervous system. D) Cells in the circulatory system are identical in structure to cells in the nervous system.

7 35) Which statement describing the cells in a body system is correct? A) Some cells in the system may be different from the other cells in the system, but all cells are coordinated and work together. B) Each cell in the system is identical to the other cells in the system, and each cell works independently of the other cells. C) All cells in the system are identical to each other and work together. D) Each cell in the system is different from the other cells in the system, and each cell works independently of the other cells. 36) Which sequence represents the correct order of levels of organization found in a complex organism? A) cells organelles organs organ systems tissues B) tissues organs organ systems organelles cells C) organelles cells tissues organs organ systems D) organs organ systems cells tissues organelles Page 7 39) In an investigation to determine the change in heart rate with increased activity, a biology teacher asked students to take their pulses immediately before and immediately after exercising for 2 minutes. The data showed an average heart rate of 72 beats per minute before exercising and 90 beats per minute after exercising. If a valid conclusion is to be made from the results of this investigation, which assumption must be made? A) Exercise causes the heart rate to slow down. B) In most students, the average heart rate is not affected by exercise. C) The heart rate of each student goes up 18 beats after jogging for 2 minutes. D) Each student exercised with the same intensity. 40) A student hypothesized that lettuce seeds would not germinate (begin to grow) unless they were covered with soil. The student planted 10 lettuce seeds under a layer of soil and scattered 10 lettuce seeds on top of the soil. The data collected are shown in the table below. 37) The diagram below represents two single-celled organisms. To improve the reliability of these results, the student should A) conclude that light is necessary for lettuce seed germination B) repeat the experiment using a larger sample size C) revise the hypothesis D) conclude that darkness is necessary for lettuce seed germination These organisms carry out the activities needed to maintain homeostasis by using specialized internal A) systems B) organelles C) tissues D) organs 38) Diagrams, tables, and graphs are used by scientists mainly to A) predict the independent variable B) organize data C) test a hypothesis D) design a research plan for an experiment

8 41) A student hypothesized that lettuce seeds would not sprout (germinate) unless they were exposed to darkness. The student planted 10 lettuce seeds under a layer of soil and scattered 10 lettuce seeds on top of the soil. The data collected are shown in the table below. One way to improve the validity of these results would be to A) conclude that light is necessary for lettuce seed germination B) conclude that darkness is necessary for lettuce seed germination C) revise the hypothesis D) repeat the experiment Page 8 45) During a long-distance run on a hot day, an athlete produces large quantities of sweat. As a result, the kidneys change the rate of urine production. Why is this change important? A) Decreased urine production allows the body to conserve water. B) Increased urine production allows more water to remain in the bloodstream. C) Increased urine production removes amino acids produced as a result of running. D) Decreased urine production increases the amino acids in the blood. 46) Which line in the graph below best illustrates an effect of the carbon dioxide level in the blood on breathing rate before, during, and after a period of exercise? 42) A student conducted an original, well-designed experiment, carefully following proper scientific procedure. In order for the conclusions to become generally accepted, the experiment must A) be conducted by a scientist B) be repeated to verify the reliability of the data C) contain several experimental variables D) support the original hypothesis 43) The analysis of data gathered during a particular experiment is necessary in order to A) develop a research plan for that experiment B) formulate a hypothesis for that experiment C) draw a valid conclusion for that experiment D) design a control for that experiment 44) An investigation was designed to determine the effect of ultraviolet light on mold spore growth. Two groups of mold spores were grown under identical conditions, except one group was exposed only to ultraviolet light, while the other group was grown in total darkness. In this investigation, the group of mold spores grown without receiving any ultraviolet light is known as the A) dependent variable B) limiting factor C) control D) hypothesis A) A B) B C) C D) D 47) Carbon monoxide reduces the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. This can lead to brain damage. Which three systems of the body interact in this situation? A) endocrine, circulatory, and digestive B) digestive, respiratory, and circulatory C) excretory, nervous, and respiratory D) respiratory, circulatory, and nervous 48) The main function of the human digestive system is to A) change amino acids into proteins and carbohydrates B) break down glucose in order to release energy C) process organic molecules so they can enter cells D) rid the body of cellular waste materials 49) Which two systems are most directly involved in providing molecules needed for the synthesis of fats in human cells? A) excretory and digestive B) digestive and circulatory C) immune and muscular D) reproductive and circulatory

9 Page 9 50) An experiment was performed to determine the effect of different mineral salts on plant growth. Forty pots containing genetically identical plants were divided into four equal groups and placed in a well-lighted greenhouse. Each pot contained an equal amount of nonmineral potting soil and one plant. Minerals were then added in equal amounts to each experimental group of pots as shown below. For the experiment to be valid, what should be added to the control group of pots? A) water B) nitrogen salts C) potassium salts D) potassium and phosphorus salts