Dining out with your DNA. Tailoring nutrition to fit your genes. Nathan O Callaghan Nutritional Genomics Food and Nutritional Sciences, CSIRO

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1 Dining out with your DNA. Tailoring nutrition to fit your genes Nathan O Callaghan Nutritional Genomics Food and Nutritional Sciences, CSIRO

2 Personalised Nutrition Historically based on Adverse outcomes allergies intolerances Genetic basis Example Phenylketonuira (PKU) Result in excluding from diet

3 Overview Nutrigenomics Chromosome health Evidence for nutrition affecting DNA Functional genomics approach Tailoring nutrition to improve health Genotype DNA Damage HEALTH & DISEASE Nutrition Environment Lifestyle

4 Nutrition, health and DNA Nutrition Health & Well Being Genome Health

5 Nutrition, health and DNA Nutrition Health & Well Being Genome Health

6 Nutrition and Health

7 Nutrition, health and DNA Nutrition Health & Well Being Genome Health

8 Nutrigenomics

9 How to measure DNA damage Courtesy M.Fenech

10 Sources of DNA damage less more CSIRO. Kennedy R D, D'Andrea A D JCO 2006;24:

11 DNA damage should be transient Kennedy R D, D'Andrea A D JCO 2006;24: CSIRO.

12 DNA, ageing and disease Finkel et al Nature 2007; DePinho Nature 2000

13 DNA damage index predicts cancer risk Bonassi, S. et al. Carcinogenesis : ; doi: /carcin/bgl177

14 Genome health is modified by life-style factors DNA damage accelerated by: Smoking Obesity and low physical activity Psychological stress Diet (inc. malnutrition) Environmental exposures Hours of sleep

15 Nutrition, health and DNA Nutrition Health & Well Being Genome Health

16 Dietary impacts on DNA Increase DNA damage are associated with: Increased homocysteine low fruit & veg intake Increased alcohol intake Increased processed meat intake Genome health is positively associated with: plasma folate Multi-vitamin use Vitamins E, D Fish intake Dietary fibre (cereals) Selenium

17 Micronutrient intake is a determinant of DNA Damage % DIFFERENCE IN DNA DAMAGE * * * * * * * * * * * mid level of intake high level of intake Low level intake reference point * P < Vitamin E Calcium Folate Retinol Nicotinic acid b -Carotene Riboflavin Pantothenic acid Biotin More is better More is worse Fenech et al 2005

18 Nutrition and DNA damage DNA oxidation prevention DNA synthesis DNA repair Gene expression Chromosome segregation Telomere length Necrosis/Apoptosis Vit C, Cu, Zn, Vit E, polyphenols folate, B12, Zn, Mg niacin, Zn, folate folate, Vit D, Vit A folate, Vit A, Mg niacin? via PARP, folate niacin, Zn, Vit E, Vit D, Vit C Vit A, Vit K2. Fenech 2011

19 DNA Damage can be modified by diet D Telomere Length (kb/diploid genome) a ANCOVA P=0.01 n=12 ab Baseline Week 12 Week 52 b MNed cells per 1000 BN cells Low MNed cell freq. at R1. [N = 17] ANOVA P = High MNed cell freq. at R1. [N = 16] ANOVA P < * * R1 R1 R2 R2 R3 R3 Base-line 7ug B12 700ug FA 20ug B12 2mg FA How long does this change last? Does altering DNA damage profile modify disease risk? Shaughnessy et al 2011; Fenech et al 1998, O Callaghan, 2008

20 Nutrigenomics

21 Functional genomics approach PUFA content in blood and tissues known health benefit Prevalence of these variants is 11-40% Implications for DHA recommended during pregnancy and lactation

22 Markers of Health Currently..use markers to measure effect of intervention In the future..use to classify individuals into like groups prior to intervention Bernini et al, J. Proteome Res 2009

23 Tailoring nutrition to fit your genes Utilise targeted omic markers as tools to better understand an individual s response to food systems biology approach and omic technologies (alongside current best-practice clinical diagnostics) in a strategic, targeted way to define and measure health-related biomarkers in nutritional science. How are we doing this at CSIRO: development and validation of scientific tool-kit to measure health identifying how nutrients, supplements or dietary patterns impact on these biomarkers of health in individuals applying this science and technology into demonstrable improvements in health. We are striving to provide informed and robust dietary recommendations for optimal health of individuals in a resource limited environment.

24 Dr Nathan O Callaghan Research Team Leader Novel Biomarkers Pre-clinical and clinical substantiation Food and Nutritional Sciences, Adelaide Thank you Contact Us Phone: or enquiries@csiro.au Web:

25 Reference list Images are sited on slide they appear Others images: Life be in it Gearfuse.com Futurama.com