Exploring Wood Production of Food

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1 Exploring Wood Production of Food Maija Tenkanen Department of Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry University of Helsinki VTT Forest Sector s Science Evening, October 5, 2010

2 Components of Wood CELLULOSE HEMICELLULOSES Xylans, Mannans, Galactans LIGNIN EXTRACTIVES WHICH ARE CURRENTLY USED IN FOODS? Hardwoods Softwoods Source: Bjarne Holmbom

3 FINLAND IN THE FOREFRONT OF FOOD FROM WOOD XYLITOL, SITOSTANOL, LIGNANS

Xylitol Chewing gum (tökötti) was already

foods Produced first in Kotka, Finland Now

4 Xylitol Chewing gum (tökötti) was already prepared from birch bark in the Stone Age Xylitol was lounced in 1975 Natural sweetener with a cool taste One of the first functional foods Produced first in Kotka, Finland Now world wide production Kerimäri ca B.C.E. Source: Bjarne Holmbom

5 ACKNOWLEDGET HIGH QUALITY TOP RESEARCH

2008 Bjarne Holmbom and Christer Eckerman Finland for their breakthrough research and innovation creating a platform for large-scale separation, isolation, purification and applications of chemical

6 2008 Bjarne Holmbom and Christer Eckerman Finland for their breakthrough research and innovation creating a platform for large-scale separation, isolation, purification and applications of chemical components in wood. The Laureates have created an understanding of the fundamental chemistry of spruce tree knots, i.e. the part of the branches that is embedded in the stem. They developed technical separation methods to extract tree knots from the pulping process and isolate and purify chemicals from the tree knots, opening the field for the forest products industry to improve and broaden its role and commercial prospects with a range of new products and implications e.g. for chemicals, energy, production efficiency and sustainability.

7 7-Hydroxymatairesinol - HMR FDA approval as a food supplement 2004 HMR-lignan on the market by Linnea S.A Farm production of knots Source: Bjarne Holmbom

All the benefits of lignans with one small dose High bioavailability Offers potent

natural plant lignans for health and wellness.

higher levels of enterolactone have been strongly associated with cardiovascular,

The 7-HMR lignan (or 7- hydroxymatairesinol) is a direct precursor of enterolactone, and

8 All the benefits of lignans with one small dose High bioavailability Offers potent antioxidant support Swanson Ultra HMRlignans provides a novel and highly potent source of natural plant lignans for health and wellness. Plant lignans are converted in the body into other lignans such as enterolactone, and higher levels of enterolactone have been strongly associated with cardiovascular, prostate and breast health as well as improved immunity. The 7-HMR lignan (or 7- hydroxymatairesinol) is a direct precursor of enterolactone, and because it is highly bioavailable, the body is able to absorb and use it efficiently. Swanson Ultra HMRlignans is derived from the Norwegian spruce tree.

post-menopausal women British Journal of

9 A.-S. Morisset, S. Lemieux, A. Veilleux, J. Bergeron, S.J. Weisnagel, A. Tchernof Impact of a lignan-rich diet on adiposity and insulin sensitivity in post-menopausal women British Journal of Nutrion

10 WOOD POLYSACCHARIDES USED IN FOODS

11 Food Hydrocolloids and E-codes E460 Microcrystalline cellulose E461 Methylcellulose E463 Hydroxymethyl cellulose E464 Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose E465 Ethylmethyl cellulose E466 Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) E468 Crossinked CMC E469 Enzymatically hydrolyzed CMC E406 Agar-Agar E407Carrageenan E410 Locust bean gum E412 Guar gum E413 Tragacanth gum E414 Arabic gum E415 Xanthan gum E416 Karaya gum E417 Tara gum E418 Gellan gum E425 Konjac gum E426 Soybean hemicellulose E440 Pectin

12 Carboxymethyl Cellulose CMC (E466) Metsä-Serla Chemicals Noviant CMC Oy (part of JM Huber) CP Kelco, 2005 Production of kg / day CMC in Äänekoski

13 Carob Tree and Locust Bean Gum (E410) Gum from seeds. Locust bean gum has long been used for moisture control and viscosity in food products. Locust bean gum is acid stable over a wide ph range and, therefore, used in both neutral and acidic systems.

14 Acacia Tree and Gum Arabic (E414) Gum arabic, known as the Rolls Royce' of gums, is widely used by the food and beverage industry, and the top producers (mainly Sudan) bring about 50,000 tonnes of the gum to the market each year. Gum from exudate

15 WOOD FIBRE FOOD FIBRE? Dietary fibre is the indigestible portion of plant foods having two main components: soluble (prebiotic, viscous) fibre that is readily fermented in the colon into gases and physiologically active by products, insoluble fibre that is metabolically inert, absorbing water throughout the digestive system and easing defecation.

Larchwood Arabinogalactan Derived from the wood of the larch tree Larch arabinogalactan is a polysaccharide powder derived from the wood of the larch tree that nurtures healthy gut flora, enhances

16 Larchwood Arabinogalactan Derived from the wood of the larch tree Larch arabinogalactan is a polysaccharide powder derived from the wood of the larch tree that nurtures healthy gut flora, enhances immune response and helps reduce intestinal ammonia. It is also an excellent source of dietary fibre. How many digestive fibres boost immunity as well? Only Larch AG (short for ArabinoGalactans). Dosage: Adults should take 2 teaspoons (5 grams) of Larch AG 1 to 3 times per day. The pediatric dose is 2/3 teaspoon 1 to 3 times per day. Because of its mild taste, Larch AG can be added to water or juice.

17 WOOD-DERIVED INNOVATIVE DRINKS

panimo Oy, Helsinki 4,5 %, dark ale 0,4 l - 7.

18 Spruce Shoot Beer Aino Kuusenkerkkä Ale Restaurant Aino, Helsinki Produced by Stadin panimo Oy, Helsinki 4,5 %, dark ale 0,4 l , 0.25 l

19 Not only in Finland Spruce Beer in Canada

20 Spruce Shoot Sparkling Wine Alkoholiton Kuohuva Kuusenkerkkä, on oma pohjoinen Champagnemme, jonka voi valita aina, kun halutaan helmeilyn viipyvän lasissa hieman tavanomaista pitempään.

21 NEW POTENTIALS PREBIOTIC OLIGOSACCHARIDES

23 XOS from Wood as Potential Prebiotics

24 NEW POTENTIALS FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS

5.10.2007 http://www.foodnavigator.com Source: Carbohydrate Polymers, doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.08.

25 Source: Carbohydrate Polymers, doi: /j.carbpol "Spruce-derived mannans - A potential raw material for hydrocolloids and novel advanced natural materials" Auhtors: Stefan Willfor, K. Sundberg, M. Tenkanen, B. Holmbom

26 Stabilisation of Beverage Emulsions E414 GUM ARABIC E412 GUAR GUM E445 GLYCEROL ESTERS OF WOOD RESINS

27 Source: LWT - Food Science and Technology, volume 42, issue 4, pages Mannans as stabilizers of oil-in-water beverage emulsions Authors: K.S. Mikkonen, M. Tenkanen, P. Cooke, C. Xu, H. Rita, S. Willfor, B. Holmbom, K.B. Hicks, M.P. Yadav

28 Future Food from Forest? NOW E407 carrageenan E410 locust bean gum E412 guar gum TOMORROW GGM from spruce XOS from birch HMR from spruce.

29 NEW POTENTIALS BIODEGRADABLE EDIBLE? FILMS

Films from Xylan Xylophane The material for future packaging Idea from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden Xylophane AB company started in September 2004 Pilot plant for xylan isolation (from

30 Films from Xylan Xylophane The material for future packaging Idea from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden Xylophane AB company started in September 2004 Pilot plant for xylan isolation (from cereals) opened 2010 March 24, 2010 Xylophane has again been appointed as one of Swedens 33 most promising technology companies. The award is established by the newspaper Ny teknik and the business magazine Affärsvärlden.

31 Films from Spruce GGM

32 NATURAL FROM WOOD ARE ALL COMPOUNDS SAFE AND HEALTHY?

33 Novel Foods Novel foods are foods and food ingredients that were not used for human consumption to a significant degree within the European Community before 15 May Regulation (EC) No 258/97 of January 1997 lays out detailed rules for the authorisation of novel foods and novel food ingredients. These rules were applicable also to foods containing or consisting of a genetically modified organism (GMO) until 2003 when the GMO Regulationcame into force.

weight control, satiety or reduction of available energy from the diet. These claims do not include those related to child development or health or disease risk reduction.

34 Health Claims General function health claims under Article 13 General function claims under Article 13.1 of the EC Regulation on nutrition and health claims refer to the role of a nutrient or substance in growth, development and body functions; psychological and behavioural functions; slimming and weight control, satiety or reduction of available energy from the diet. These claims do not include those related to child development or health or disease risk reduction. Claims on disease risk reduction and child development or health under Article 14 Claims under Article 14 of the EC Regulation on nutrition and health claims refer to the reduction of disease risk or to children's development or health. In August 2008 EFSA has adopted its first series of opinions on health claims under Article 14.

36 Health Claims The following wording reflects the scientific evidence: Regular consumption of glucomannan helps maintain normal blood cholesterol concentrations. In order to bear the claim, a food should provide at least 4 g/d of glucomannan in one or more servings. The target population is the general population.

37 BUSINESS FROM WOOD-TO-FOOD?

38 Sitostanol and Benecol Margarine Cheese Spreads Yoghurts Meat products Pasta Snack bars Sitostanol mill in Kaukaa Source: Bjarne Holmbom

39 The functional foods revolution: healthy people, healthy profits? Michael Heasman, Julian Mellentin, 2001

40 WOODS ARE FACINATING CREATURES WITH MANY INTERESTING COMPOUNDS FOR FUTURE FOODS. THANK YOU!

Exciting, health-promoting products from wood, bark and knots

Exciting, health-promoting products from wood, bark and knots Bjarne Holmbom Åbo Akademi Process Chemistry Centre Turku/Åbo, Finland 15. Münchener Holzkolloquium 6.10. 2010 Sustainable material society