NHANES Dairy Foods Messaging
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1 NHANES Dairy Foods Messaging
2 Recommended citation for all claims and messaging in this deck, unless otherwise indicated: National Dairy Council. NHANES Data Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data. Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2
3 Background The current deck provides messaging for dairy servings and nutrient contributions of dairy foods using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES ). The data in this deck are also available by different age group, gender, and ethnicity classifications in both children & adolescents and adults. Please see Average Contribution of Dairy Foods to Calorie and Nutrient Intakes (NHANES ) and Average Daily Servings of Dairy Foods by Ethnicity and Age Group (NHANES ) documents. Figures on slides can also be developed by individual dairy food (i.e., milk alone, cheese alone, yogurt alone) by age, gender and/or ethnicity. The data presented in this deck can be used as support for messaging in various formats (Regulatory Affairs review recommended). 3
4 Average total dairy** servings (cup equivalents/day) On average, children and adolescents of various age groups and ethnicities are not meeting dairy recommendations * y 2-3 y 4-8 y 9-18 y All Asian Mexican/Hispanic Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic White * Dietary Guidelines for Americans Recommendations: 2-3 years: 2 cup equivalent servings/day; 4-8 years: 2.5 servings/day; 9+ years 3 servings/day. Cup equivalent servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese. **NHANES Milk and Dairy Main Group, includes white milk, flavored milk, cheese, yogurt, milk shakes and other dairy drinks, milk substitutes 4
5 Average total dairy** servings (cup equivalents/day) In particular, Non-Hispanic Black American children are not meeting dairy recommendations at any age group, and all ethnicities 4-18 years fall short of recommendations * y 2-3 y 4-8 y 9-18 y All Asian Mexican/Hispanic Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic White * Dietary Guidelines for Americans Recommendations: 2-3 years: 2 cup equivalent servings/day; 4-8 years: 2.5 servings/day; 9+ years 3 servings/day. Cup equivalent servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese. **NHANES Milk and Dairy Main Group, includes white milk, flavored milk, cheese, yogurt, milk shakes and other dairy drinks, milk substitutes 5
6 American children (2-18 y) consume an average of about 2.2 cup equivalents* of dairy foods (milk/cheese/yogurt) per day American children consume an average of 1.3 cups of milk per day, mostly (1.1 cups) as a beverage Mexican American children consume an average of 0.8 cup equivalents of cheese per day, and 67% is consumed in food mixtures Non-Hispanic Black American children consume the least amount of dairy foods (milk, cheese, and yogurt), as compared to other ethnicities, at an average of 1.7 cup equivalents per day *Cup eq. servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese 6
7 Average total dairy** servings (cup equivalents/day) American adults of all ages and ethnicities, on average, are not meeting dairy recommendation of 3 servings/day y y 51+ y 71+ y Asian Mexican/Hispanic Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic White *Cup equivalent servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese. **NHANES Milk and Dairy Main Group, includes white milk, flavored milk, cheese, yogurt, milk shakes and other dairy drinks, milk substitutes 7
8 Americans (2+ y) consume an average of approximately 1.7 cup equivalents of dairy foods (milk, cheese, and yogurt) per day On average, Americans consume 0.9 cups of milk per day; approximately 0.6 cups of milk are consumed as a beverage, primarily reduced fat white milk Americans consume an average of 0.1 cup eq.* of yogurt per day, primarily low-fat and non-fat versions On average, Americans consume 0.8 cup eq. of cheese per day; 58% is consumed as part of food mixtures *Cup eq. servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese 8
9 Dairy consumption per day varies by ethnicity (Americans 2+ years) All Americans consume an average of 1.7 cup eq.* of milk, cheese, and yogurt Asian Americans consume an average of 1.2 cup eq. of dairy foods (milk, cheese, and yogurt) Non-Hispanic Black Americans consume an average of 1.3 cup eq. of dairy foods (milk, cheese, and yogurt) Non-Hispanic White Americans consume an average of 1.9 cup eq. of dairy foods (milk, cheese, and yogurt) Mexican/Hispanic Americans consume an average of 1.8 cup eq. of dairy foods (milk, cheese, and yogurt) *Cup eq. servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese 9
10 Cheese consumption per day can vary by ethnicity (Americans 2+ years) Asian Americans consume half the amount of cheese (0.4 cup eq.* on average) as compared to the total American population (0.8 cup eq.) Non-Hispanic Black Americans consume 0.7 cup eq. of cheese on average as compared to the total American population (0.8 cup eq.) Non-Hispanic White Americans consume 0.9 cup equivalents of cheese on average as compared to the total American population (0.8 cup eq.) Mexican/Hispanic Americans consume 0.8 cup eq. of cheese on average (similar to all Americans) Non-Hispanic White Americans consume approximately half of their cheese in food mixtures and half alone *Cup eq. servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese 10
11 Average daily consumption of dairy products by age group Total Population 2015 Dietary Guidelines Recommendations (cup equivalents*) 2+ y (n=15,833) 2-3 y: 2 cup eq. 4-8 y: 2.5 cup eq. 9+ y: 3 cup eq. Children Total Dairy** Milk Cheese Yogurt Other Mean Cup equivalent servings/day 1.76 ± y (n= 5,879) 2.18 ± y (n=839) ± y (n=1,816) ± y (n= 2,193) 4-8 y: 2.5; 9+ y: ± y (n=3,224) ± y (n= 2,172) ± Adults 19+ y (n= 9,954) ± y (n= 5,432) ± (n= 4,522) ± y (n=1,318) ± *cup equivalent (cup eq.) servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese **NHANES Milk and Dairy Main Group, includes milk (white and flavored), cheese, yogurt, and other (milk shakes, dairy drinks, milk substitutes) NHANES , all ages 2 years and older with complete, reliable 24-hour recall on Day 1 11
12 Average daily consumption of dairy products by ethnicity (2+ y) Total Dairy** Milk Cheese Yogurt Other Mean Cup equivalent servings*/day Ethnicity Asian (n=1,749) 1.24 ± Mexican/Hispanic (n= 3,991) Non-Hispanic Black (n= 3,932) Non-Hispanic White (n= 5,509) 1.79 ± ± ± Dietary Guidelines for Americans Recommendations: 2-3 yrs: 2 servings*/day, 4-8 yrs: 2.5 servings/day, 9+ yrs: 3 servings/day *cup equivalent servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese **NHANES Milk and Dairy Main Group, includes milk (white and flavored), cheese, yogurt, and other (milk shakes, dairy drinks, milk substitutes) NHANES , all ages 2 years and older with complete, reliable 24-hour recall on Day 1 12
13 Average daily consumption of dairy products by ethnicity (2-18 y) Total Dairy** Milk Cheese Yogurt Other Mean Cup equivalent servings*/day Ethnicity Asian (n=615) 2.07 ± Mexican/Hispanic (n= 1,881) Non-Hispanic Black (n= 1,601) Non-Hispanic White (n= 1,433) 2.20 ± ± ± Dietary Guidelines for Americans Recommendations: 2-3 yrs: 2 servings*/day, 4-8 yrs: 2.5 servings/day, 9+ yrs: 3 servings/day *cup equivalent servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese **NHANES Milk and Dairy Main Group, includes milk (white and flavored), cheese, yogurt, and other (milk shakes, dairy drinks, milk substitutes) NHANES , all ages 2 years and older with complete, reliable 24-hour recall on Day 1 13
14 Average daily consumption of dairy products by ethnicity (6-11 y) Total Dairy** Milk Cheese Yogurt Other Mean Cup equivalent servings*/day Ethnicity Asian (n=185) 2.12 ± Mexican/Hispanic (n= 686) Non-Hispanic Black (n= 620) Non-Hispanic White (n= 565) 2.20 ± ± ± Dietary Guidelines for Americans Recommendations: 4-8 yrs: 2.5 servings/day, 9+ yrs: 3 servings/day *cup equivalent servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese **NHANES Milk and Dairy Main Group, includes milk (white and flavored), cheese, yogurt, and other (milk shakes, dairy drinks, milk substitutes) NHANES , all ages 2 years and older with complete, reliable 24-hour recall on Day 1 14
15 Average daily consumption of dairy products by ethnicity (12-18 y) Total Dairy** Milk Cheese Yogurt Other Mean Cup equivalent servings*/day Ethnicity Asian (n=270) 1.94 ± Mexican/Hispanic (n= 690) Non-Hispanic Black (n= 571) Non-Hispanic White (n= 527) 2.10 ± ± ± Dietary Guidelines for Americans Recommendations: 9+ yrs: 3 servings/day *cup equivalent servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese **NHANES Milk and Dairy Main Group, includes milk (white and flavored), cheese, yogurt, and other (milk shakes, dairy drinks, milk substitutes) NHANES , all ages 2 years and older with complete, reliable 24-hour recall on Day 1 15
16 Americans (2+ y) consume the majority of dairy foods in food mixtures and as white milk and cheese Examples include: Macaroni and cheese Pasta mixed dishes Eggs and omelets Burritos and tacos Mexican mixed dishes Pizza Burgers Sandwiches Ice cream and frozen dairy Mashed potatoes Coffee Food Mixtures 0.70 servings 40% Milk substitutes 0.01 servings 1% Milk shakes and other dairy drinks 0.02 servings 1% Yogurt 0.05 servings 3% *Cup equivalent servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese White Milk 0.55 servings 31% Flavored Milk 0.08 servings 4% Cheese 0.35 servings 20% Average Dairy Consumption 2 y servings*/day 16
17 Americans (2-18 y) consume the majority of dairy foods as white milk and cheese in food mixtures Examples include: Macaroni and cheese Pasta mixed dishes Eggs and omelets Burritos and tacos Mexican mixed dishes Pizza Burgers Sandwiches Ice cream and frozen dairy Mashed potatoes Coffee Food Mixtures 0.68 servings 31% Milk substitutes 0.01 servings 1% Milk shakes and other dairy drinks 0.03 servings 2% White Milk 0.88 servings 40% Average Dairy Consumption 2-18 y 2.18 servings*/day Yogurt 0.05 servings 2% Cheese 0.31 servings 14% Flavored Milk 0.22 servings 10% *Cup equivalent servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese 17
18 In American adults (19+ y), most dairy is consumed as part of food mixtures and when consumed alone, as white milk Examples include: Macaroni and cheese Pasta mixed dishes Eggs and omelets Burritos and tacos Mexican mixed dishes Pizza Burgers Sandwiches Ice cream and frozen dairy Mashed potatoes Coffee Food Mixtures 0.71 servings 31% Milk substitutes 0.01 servings 1% Milk shakes and other dairy drinks 0.02 servings 1% Yogurt 0.06 servings 2% White Milk 0.45 servings 40% Flavored Milk 0.03 servings 10% Cheese 0.36 servings 14% Average Dairy Consumption 19+ y 1.64 servings*/day *Cup equivalent servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese 18
19 Americans (2+ y) consume mostly reduced fat and whole milk Flavored Milk 0.08 servings 13% White Milk 0.55 servings 87% Average Milk Consumption 2+ y 0.63 servings*/day Low-fat 0.02 servings 25% Whole 0.02 servings 25% Non-fat 0.09 servings 16% Whole 0.12 servings 22% Reduced fat 0.04 servings 50% Low-fat 0.09 servings 16% Reduced fat 0.25 servings 46% *Cup equivalent servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese 19
20 American children (2-18 y) consume mostly reduced fat white and flavored milk Flavored Milk 0.22 servings 20% White Milk 0.88 servings 80% Average Milk Consumption 2-18 y 1.10 servings*/day Non-fat 0.01 servings Low-fat 0.05 servings 23% Whole 0.04 servings 18% Reduced fat 0.12 servings 54% Non-fat 0.10 servings 11% Low-fat 0.16 servings 18% Whole 0.18 servings 21% Reduced fat 0.44 servings 50% *Cup equivalent servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese 20
21 63% of milk consumption by Americans (2+ y) is white milk as a beverage Food mixtures 0.24 servings 28% Average Milk Consumption 2+ y 0.87 servings*/day Flavored Milk 0.08 servings 9% White Milk 0.55 servings 63% Examples of food mixtures include: Macaroni and cheese, Pasta mixed dishes, Eggs and omelets, Ice cream and frozen dairy, Mashed potatoes, Coffee, Quick breads and bread products, pudding *Cup equivalent servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese 21
22 68% of milk consumption by American children (2-18 y) is white milk as a beverage Food Mixtures 0.20 servings 15% Average Milk Consumption 2-18 y 1.30 servings*/day Flavored Milk 0.22 servings 17% White Milk 0.88 servings 68% Examples of food mixtures include: Macaroni and cheese, Pasta mixed dishes, Eggs and omelets, Ice cream and frozen dairy, Mashed potatoes, Coffee, Quick breads and bread products, pudding *Cup equivalent servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese 22
23 Most cheese in the U.S. diet (2+ y) is part of food mixtures Average Cheese Consumption 2+ y 0.80 servings*/day Cheese 0.34 servings 43% Food Mixtures 0.45 servings 57% Cottage/ricotta 0 servings 0% Examples include: Macaroni and cheese, Pasta mixed dishes, Eggs and omelets, Burritos and tacos, Mexican mixed dishes, Pizza, Burgers, Sandwiches, Mashed potatoes *Cup equivalent servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese 23
24 Most cheese in American children s (2-18 y) diet is part of food mixtures Average Cheese Consumption 2-18 y 0.8 servings*/day Cheese 0.31 servings 39% Food Mixtures 0.49 servings 61% Examples include: Macaroni and cheese, Pasta mixed dishes, Eggs and omelets, Burritos and tacos, Mexican mixed dishes, Pizza, Burgers, Sandwiches, Mashed potatoes *Cup equivalent servings: 1 cup of milk or yogurt, 1.5 ounces natural cheese, 2 ounces processed cheese 24
25 The average daily consumption of milk substitutes by Americans (2+ y) is lower compared to milk consumed as a beverage Fluid Milk Whole, reduced fat, lowfat, nonfat, buttermilk, dry reconstituted, evaporated, lactose-free, kefir, goat s milk, & flavored milks (including sweetened condensed & hot cocoa). Milk Substitutes Includes: soy, almond, rice, and coconut beverages 0.63 cups 0.01 cups 25
26 The average daily consumption of milk substitutes by Americans (2-18 y) is lower compared to milk consumed as a beverage Fluid Milk Whole, reduced fat, lowfat, nonfat, buttermilk, dry reconstituted, evaporated, lactose-free, kefir, goat s milk, & flavored milks (including sweetened condensed & hot cocoa). Milk Substitutes Includes: soy, almond, rice, and coconut beverages 1.10 cups 0.01 cups 26
27 % of Daily Intake Dairy foods (milk, cheese & yogurt) provide substantial nutrition in the American diet (2+ years-old), even though people aren t eating recommended amounts For ~11% of all calories, dairy foods provide 56% of all vitamin D in the diet Nutrients of Public Health Concern Nutrients to Limit Other Essential Nutrients Calories 10.7% of calories 27
28 % of Daily Intake 60 Dairy foods (milk, cheese & yogurt) provide substantial nutrition in the American diet ( 19 years-old), even though adults aren t eating recommended amounts For ~10% of all calories, dairy foods provide 50% of all calcium in the diet Nutrients of Public Health Concern Nutrients to Limit Other Essential Nutrients Calories 9.6% of calories 28
29 % of Daily Intake Dairy foods (milk, cheese & yogurt) provide substantial nutrition in the American diet (2-18 years-old), even though children aren t eating recommended amounts For 15% of all calories, dairy foods provide 72% & 41% of all vitamin D & A, respectively, in the diet Nutrients of Public Health Concern Nutrients to Limit Other Essential Nutrients 30 Calories % of calories 0 29
30 % of Daily Intake Dairy foods (milk, cheese & yogurt) provide substantial nutrition in the American diet (2-8 years-old), even though children aren t eating recommended amounts For ~18% of all calories, dairy foods provide 75% and 66% of all vitamin D & calcium, respectively, in the diet Nutrients of Public Health Concern Nutrients to Limit Other Essential Nutrients Calories 17.9% of calories 30
31 % of Daily Intake 80 Dairy foods (milk, cheese & yogurt) provide substantial nutrition in the American diet (9-18 years-old), even though children aren t eating recommended amounts For ~13% of all calories, dairy foods provide 69% and 61% of all vitamin D & calcium, respectively, in the diet Nutrients of Public Health Concern Nutrients to Limit Other Essential Nutrients Calories 13.3% of calories 31
32 Dairy foods provide a significant proportion of nutrients to the American diet On average, dairy foods (milk, cheese, and yogurt) contribute 54% of total daily calcium, 56% of vitamin D, and 14% of potassium in the total diet of Americans 2+ years-old Calcium, vitamin D, and potassium are three of the four nutrients of public health concern identified by DGA. 1 Milk, cheese and yogurt contribute 18% of protein, 29% of vitamin A, 27% of vitamin B 12, 25% of riboflavin, 28% of phosphorus, 12% of magnesium, 17% of zinc, 27% of saturated fat, and 3% of added sugars to the diet of Americans 2+ years of age. 1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 8 th Edition. December Available at 32
33 Dairy foods provide a significant proportion of nutrients to the diet of American children For American children ages 2 to 18 years of age, on average, dairy foods (milk, cheese, and yogurt) contribute 63% of calcium, 72% of vitamin D, and 24% of potassium. These foods also contribute 25% of protein, 41% of vitamin A, 39% of vitamin B 12, 36% of riboflavin, 38% of phosphorus, 20% of magnesium, 24% of zinc, 33% of saturated fat, and 6% of added sugars to the diet of Americans 2-18 years of age. 33
34 Dairy foods (milk, cheese, and yogurt) contribute a significant proportion of potassium to the American diet Milk is the #1 food source of calcium, vitamin D and potassium, 1,2 all nutrients of concern in the diets of American children and adults. On average, dairy foods (milk, cheese, yogurt) provide 14% of potassium to the diet of Americans aged 2+ years. On average, dairy foods (milk, cheese, yogurt) provide 24% of potassium to the diet of American children aged 2-18 years. 1. Keast DR et al. Nutrients 2013; O Neil CE et al. Nutrients Low-fat milk provides 366 mg potassium per cup (8% DV), USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Release 28, #
35 Nutrient-rich dairy foods (milk, cheese, and yogurt) contribute minimal amounts of added sugar to the average American diet Flavored milk contributes only 4 percent of added sugars to the diet of American children aged 2-18, on average. Soft drinks contribute 3.3 teaspoons of added sugar and flavored milk contributes 0.7 teaspoons of added sugar each day (American children 2-18 years). Sweetened beverages* account for 36% of American children s daily added sugar intake, while nutrient-rich flavored milk accounts for only 4%. On average, dairy foods (milk, cheese, and yogurt) contribute only 3% of added sugar to the diet of Americans (2+ years). *Soft drinks, fruit drinks, sports and energy drinks, nutritional beverages 35
36 Cheese contributes and average of 8% of sodium to the U.S. diet On average, cheese contributes 27% of calcium, 11% of vitamin A, 9% of vitamin D, 8% of protein, 7% of vitamin B12, 8% of zinc, and 6% of riboflavin (vitamin B2), 18% of saturated fat and 8% of sodium to the American diet (2+ years). On average, cheese contributes 26% of calcium, 12% of vitamin A, 8% of vitamin D, 9% of protein, 8% of vitamin B12, 9% of zinc, and 6% of riboflavin (vitamin B2), 19% of saturated fat and 9% of sodium to the diet of American children (2-18 years). 36
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