What Is The Feeding Value Of Carinata Meal To Cattle? Derek Brake

Transcription

1 What Is The Feeding Value Of Carinata Meal To Cattle? Derek Brake

2 100 Importance Of Discovering Value For Non-Fuel Products From B. Carinata Meal Meal Oil Solvent Extracted Oil Mechanically Extracted

3 How To Make Meal From A Non-Food Oilseed Into A Food?

4 A Few Challenges To Feeding Carinata Meal

5 Glucosinolates Are Goitrogenic Depressed thyroid function T3 T4 Erucic acid myocardial lipidosis fatty heart

6 Intake Of Brassica-based Meals Are Regulated AAFCO & FDA limits intake of brassica meals to ruminants Previously marketed in US as Mustard Meal (IFN ) 10% DM in diets of nonlactating ruminants 0% DM in nonruminant and lactating cattle diets Brassica carinata meal has been recommended by FDA for definition in 2017 AAFCO by IDC T71.35

7 Intake Of Brassica-based Meals Are Regulated Proposed definition of Brassica carinata meal. T71.35 Brassica carinata meal, solvent extracted is the meal obtained after the removal of most of the oil by solvent extraction of Brassica carinata seeds. The meal shall contain less than 2% erucic acid and less than 30 micromoles of total glucosinolates per gram. It is a source of protein for beef cattle in an amount not to exceed 10% of the total diet. The maximum sulfur content must be guaranteed. Predominate concern related to erucic acid intake in humans Myocardial lipidosis

8 Beef Feeding Trials At SDSU Why are cattle fed protein meals? After puberty performance in cattle is limited by energy Ruminal fermentation can be limited by N to support optimal microbial growth Protein meals are often fed to optimize ruminal fermentation to yield more energy from fermentation

9 Beef Feeding Trials At SDSU In Vitro estimate nutrients that are ruminally available Cow performance and digestion determine value to cow-calf producers as a protein supplement Feeding behavior in finishing cattle evaluate value of carinata meal to finishing cattle

10 In Vitro Experiments Modified Tilley and Terry procedure to estimate potential nutrient digestion from several oilseed meals produced from different manufacturing methods Incubation of feed in ruminal fluid & then acid-pepsin solution Method is correlated to amount of nutrient disappearance from forage

11 Effect Of Oilseed On In Vitro Nutrient Disappearance Nutrient 1 Camelina Carinata Flaxseed OM 65.9 b 78.7 a 67.6 b CP 80.8 b 88.1 a 82.5 b EE 19.4 a 3.2 a b 1 Means in rows with different superscripts differ; P < 0.01

12 Effect Of Processing Among Solvent-Extracted Brassicas On In Vitro Nutrient Disappearance Processing conditions Temp, C Time, min Camelina Apparent Nutrient Disappearance, % SEM OM 65.7 ab 65.8 ab 65.8 ab 65.5 ab 64.0 b 67.5 a 1.19 CP 82.4 a 79.6 b 78.8 b 79.7 b 76.4 c 79.0 b 0.78 EE Carinata OM 78.4 d 78.6 d 86.8 a 84.0 bc 85.5 ab 82.5 c 1.19 CP 87.5 c 87.9 bc 91.5 a 88.6 bc 89.7 ab 86.7 c 0.78 EE b b 66.9 a b -1.7 b 72.9 a 14.4

13 Effect Of Processing Among Solvent-Extracted Brassicas On In Vitro Nutrient Disappearance Processing conditions Temp, C Time, min Camelina Apparent Nutrient Disappearance, % SEM OM 65.7 ab 65.8 ab 65.8 ab 65.5 ab 64.0 b 67.5 a 1.19 CP 82.4 a 79.6 b 78.8 b 79.7 b 76.4 c 79.0 b 0.78 EE Carinata OM 78.4 d 78.6 d 86.8 a 84.0 bc 85.5 ab 82.5 c 1.19 CP 87.5 c 87.9 bc 91.5 a 88.6 bc 89.7 ab 86.7 c 0.78 EE b b 66.9 a b -1.7 b 72.9 a 14.4

14 Effect Of Processing Among Mechanically-Extracted Brassicas On In Vitro Nutrient Disappearance Processing conditions Diameter, cm Hertz Camelina Apparent Nutrient Disappearance, % SEM OM 66.1 ab 67.5 a 66.0 ab 65.9 ab 65.1 b 63.2 c 0.97 CP b 82.5 b b 0.75 EE Carinata OM 79.1 a 72.4 c 75.3 b 75.7 b 72.2 c 82.5 c 0.97 CP 89.9 a 85.2 c 87.8 ab 88.1 ab 87.7 b 86.7 c 0.75 EE a 11.2

15 Effect Of Processing Among Mechanically-Extracted Brassicas On In Vitro Nutrient Disappearance Processing conditions Diameter, cm Hertz Camelina Apparent Nutrient Disappearance, % SEM OM 66.1 ab 67.5 a 66.0 ab 65.9 ab 65.1 b 63.2 c 0.97 CP b 82.5 b b 0.75 EE Carinata OM 79.1 a 72.4 c 75.3 b 75.7 b 72.2 c 82.5 c 0.97 CP 89.9 a 85.2 c 87.8 ab 88.1 ab 87.7 b 86.7 c 0.75 EE a 11.2

16 Rate Of Nutrient Disappearance From Brassicas Ruminal fermentation is dynamic Ruminally available N = a + b (1- e -kd t ) Ruminal release and degradation of Gls could be related to amount of time feed remains in rumen for fermentation Bach et al., 1998

17 Effect Of Processing Among Solvent-Extracted Brassicas On In Vitro Nutrient Disappearance Processing conditions Temp, C Time, min Camelina Apparent Nutrient Disappearance, % SEM OM 65.7 ab 65.8 ab 65.8 ab 65.5 ab 64.0 b 67.5 a 1.19 CP 82.4 a 79.6 b 78.8 b 79.7 b 76.4 c 79.0 b 0.78 EE Carinata OM 78.4 d 78.6 d 86.8 a 84.0 bc 85.5 ab 82.5 c 1.19 CP 87.5 c 87.9 bc 91.5 a 88.6 bc 89.7 ab 86.7 c 0.78 EE b b 66.9 a b -1.7 b 72.9 a 14.4

18 Effect Of Processing Among Mechanically-Extracted Brassicas On In Vitro Nutrient Disappearance Processing conditions Diameter, cm Hertz Camelina Apparent Nutrient Disappearance, % SEM OM 66.1 ab 67.5 a 66.0 ab 65.9 ab 65.1 b 63.2 c 0.97 CP b 82.5 b b 0.75 EE Carinata OM 79.1 a 72.4 c 75.3 b 75.7 b 72.2 c 82.5 c 0.97 CP 89.9 a 85.2 c 87.8 ab 88.1 ab 87.7 b 86.7 c 0.75 EE a 11.2

19 Rate Ruminal CP Disappearance Mechanically-extracted Solvent-extracted CP fraction 1, % Camelina Carinata Flaxseed Camelina Carinata Flaxseed SEM Soluble 21.5 d 84.5 a 50.5 c 19.0 de 69.5 b 17.0 e 1.2 Slowly degradable 74.0 b 14.0 e 44.5 c 79.5 a 27.0 d 76.0 ab 2.0 Degradation rate 10.5 b 9.5 bc 11.5 b 6.0 c 18.5 a 8.5 bc Means in rows with different superscripts differ; P 0.05

20 Glucosinolate Content Of Brassica Meal Mechanically-extracted Solvent-extracted Gls, mmol/g Camelina Carinata Flaxseed Camelina Carinata Flaxseed Progoitrin Sinigrin GS GS GS Means in rows with different superscripts differ; P 0.05

21 Glucosinolate Content Of Brassica Meal Mechanically-extracted Solvent-extracted Gls, mmol/g Camelina Carinata Flaxseed Camelina Carinata Flaxseed Progoitrin Sinigrin GS GS GS Means in rows with different superscripts differ; P 0.05

22 Sinigrin, mm Sinigrin Release To Incubation Fluid From 1600 Solvent-Extracted Carinata Meal hour

23 Sinigrin, mm Sinigrin Release To Incubation Fluid From Mechanically-Extracted Carinata Meal hour

24 What Did We Learn? Estimates of total-tract digestion indicate that Carinata meal may be extensively digested Carinata meal appears to be a good source of ruminally available nitrogen Carinata meal in our study contained detectable amounts of goitrogenic glucosinolates but amounts decreased with increased amounts of time

25 Effect Of Solvent- Or Mechanically-extracted Brassica Carinata Meal On Performance Of Cows What are effects of extraction method on value of carinata meal to cows? Does value of carinata meal differ when cattle are fed foragebased diets with different particle size?

26 Methods 56 non-pregnant cows were blocked by BW Fed either long-stem or chopped corn-stalk residues 2 cows within each pen randomly assigned to receive: Cold-pressed carinata meal Solvent-extracted carinata meal Canola meal (positive control) 1 cow within each pen was randomly assigned to receive no supplemental protein (negative control)

27 Observations Differences in response to supplemental protein and particle size No protein source particle size of corn stalk residues Apparently, greater forage length does not provide added benefit to supplementing cattle with carinata meal

28 Effects Supplemental Protein On Body Weight * Body wt, kg Control ME-Carinata SE-Carinata Canola SEM P Beginning d d d a 464 ab 482 ab 498 b 35.7 <0.01 d a 472 a 489 ab 507 b * Means with different superscripts within a row differ

29 Effects Suppl. Protein On Body Weight Change * DBody wt, lbs Control ME-Carinata SE-Carinata Canola SEM P Beginning d d d a ab -1.2 b 9.3 b 6.9 <0.01 d a -7.1 ab 4.6 b 18.2 c 7.7 <0.01 * Means with different superscripts within a row differ

30 Effects Supplemental Protein On BCS * BCS Control CP-Carinata SE-Carinata Canola SEM P Beginning d d d a 4.8 ab 4.7 ab 5.0 b d a 4.3 ab 4.4 b 4.6 b * Means with different superscripts within a row differ

31 Effects Supplemental Protein On BCS Change * DBCS Control ME-Carinata SE-Carinata Canola SEM P Beginning d ab -0.2 a 0.1 b 0.1 b d ab -0.3 ac -0.1 cd 0.0 d d a -0.3 a -0.1 b 0.0 b 0.11 <0.01 d a -0.7 a -0.4 b -0.4 b 0.12 <0.01 * Means with different superscripts within a row differ

32 Effects Suppl. Protein On Thyroxine 1 T4, ng/dl Control ME-Carinata SE-Carinata Canola SEM P d d d a 61.4 ab 60.8 ab 72.4 b Means with different superscripts within a row differ

33 Effects Suppl. Protein On Triiodothyronine 1 T3, ng/dl Control ME-Carinata SE-Carinata Canola SEM P d d d Means with different superscripts within a row differ

34 DM, g/d Average DMI Of Suppl. Protein ME-Carinata SE-Carinata Canola DMI DMO

35 DM, g/d Average DMI Of Suppl. Protein % ME-Carinata SE-Carinata Canola DMI DMO

36 What Did We Learn? As expected corn stalk residues did not supply adequate protein to optimize cow performance The positive control ameliorated limits in protein Solvent extracted carinata meal enhanced cow performance similar to the positive control Apparently cattle will voluntarily consume only modest amounts of ME-carinata when fed as the entire meal

37 Does Inclusion Of Solvent Extracted Carinata Meal Impact Feeding Behavior In Finishing Cattle & Carcass Lipid Profiles?

38 Methods Ingredient, %DM Control Small Intermediate Large High Moisture Corn Corn Silage SE-Carinata Meal Cane Molasses Urea Limestone Salt Vit. & Mineral Premix Delivers to diet 90 mg tylosin and 330 mg monensin

39 Methods Ingredient, %DM Control Small Intermediate Large High Moisture Corn Corn Silage SE-Carinata Meal Cane Molasses Urea Limestone Salt Vit. & Mineral Premix Delivers to diet 90 mg tylosin and 330 mg monensin

40 Methods Determine effects of increased SE-carinata intake on: Feeding behavior & performance during adaptation to finishing diets Feeding behavior & performance during finishing period Carcass characteristics & lipid profile

41 BW During Adaptation To Finishing Diets Carinata Meal Inclusion, %DM BW, kg Control Linear Quadratic Beginning BW d d d d d Final * Means with different superscripts within a row differ

42 ADG During Adaptation To Finishing Diets Carinata Meal Inclusion, %DM ADG, kg Control Linear Quadratic Beginning BW d d d d < d < Final < * Means with different superscripts within a row differ

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