High Plains Biofuels Co-product Nutrition Conference. What Have We Learned?

Transcription

1 High Plains Biofuels Co-product Nutrition Conference What Have We Learned?

2 Sorghum versus Corn DG -- Efficiency of Gain -- Sorghum Corn Difference Wet- Vasconcelos (10) % Wet- Depenbusch (15) % Dry- Depenbusch (15) %

3 Ratio of Choice:YG4 (based on USDA Statistics)

4 Implications for Carcass Quality Highly variable responses in terms marbling and quality grade More recent studies are more positive Trend for higher yield grades, or. Comparable fatness at lower carcass weights

5 Wet versus Dry DG Little or no difference Value is a function of $/unit of dry matter and freight cost

6 Effects of Grain Processing Value of DG at times less in flaked diets compared to rolled or high moisture diets Is roughage a key factor? Value was greater in studies by Vasconcelos, MacDonald, May, Brown, and Depenbusch» all >9% roughage As we learn more, value improves Ruminal ph effects? Ruminally available protein/nitrogen effects?

7 Interaction with Roughage? Eliminating roughage probably not a viable option reduced intakes Feasible to reduce roughage levels What level of roughage is optimal?

8 Roughage Levels in 25%DDGS Diets Alfalfa Hay, % of DM P-value Item L Q Dress, % F:G HCW, lb Ch/Pr, % Yield grade Liver ab,, %

9 Constraints to Utilization of DG in Flaked Grain Diets Ruminal ph Ruminally available protein Digestibility

10 pha,b Ruminal ph a,b 25% DGS with AH 25% DGS with CS 0% DGS with AH 0% DGS with CS ph Time, h a Roughage source x DDGS X Time interaction (P < 0.05) b Roughage source x DDGS interaction (P < 0.05)

11 Lactate a Concentration, mm % DGS with AH 25% DGS with CS 0% DGS with AH 0% DGS with CS * * Time, h a Interaction between DDGS level and time post feeding (P < 0.05)

12 Effects of ph on Fermentation IVDMD, % Time of Incubation, h ph 5 ph 5.5 ph 6

13 Effects of ph on Fermentation VFA Concentration, mm ph 5 ph 5.5 ph Time of Incubation, h

14 Ruminal ph with 10% Roughage

15 Apparent Total Tract Digestibility,% Item OM Starch NDF E E Alfalfa hay 0% 25% DGS DGS Corn silage 0% 25% DGS DGS SEM P-value RUF DGS

16 Apparent Total Tract Digestibility,% Item OM Starch NDF E E CP Alfalfa hay 0% 25% DGS DGS Corn silage 0% 25% DGS DGS SEM P-value RUF DGS

17 Low Ruminal ph Lower protein solubility Loerch, 1982 Lower proteolytic activity Trenkle, 1979 Lower ruminal ph with DG

18 a,b Ruminal Ammonia a,b Concentration, mm a Time, h 25% DGS with AH 25% DGS with CS 0% DGS with AH 0% DGS with CS a Interaction between DDGS level, and time post feeding (P < 0.05) b Interaction between roughage source and DDGS level (P < 0.05)

19 Combining Flaked & Dry-rolled rolled Corn with Dried Distiller s s Grains SFC/ SFC/ SFC/ DRC/ Item SFC DRC DDG DDG ADG, lb DMI, lb F:G HCW, lb Total value, $

20 Feeding Distiller s s Grains. Increases manure output Increases nutrient effluent Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Escalating fertilizer costs may attenuate near-term concerns

21 Feed Value Relative to Grain ~80% to over 100%

22 Sensory Attributes Little or no effect of distiller s grains on sensory attributes Tenderness Color Display life (oxidation) Juiciness??

23 Retail Display Life a* Intensity SFC SFC_DRC SFC_DDG SFC_DRC_DDG Retail Display, days

24 Distiller s s Grains and Health H 2 S formation >>> brain lesions Increased blood pressure heat stress Thiamine and DCAD as interventions Manage TOTAL sulfur intake Implications for other minerals (Cu) Mycotoxins

25 Glycerol

26 Glycerol Affects Microbial Fermentation 300 In In Vitro Gas Production, ml Glycerol Level, % of total carbohydrate

27 Conversion by Ruminal Microbes 100 Propionate Acetate Starch Glycerol

28 Glucogenic Potential of Glycerol 1.0 Acetate:Propionate Ratio Glycerol Level, % of total carbohydrate

29 Glycerol No notable glucogenic effect Low feed intake with high feeding rates Increased meal frequency (K. Eng)

30 Economic Implications Volatile grain markets costly options Stronger basis No reliable cross hedges Intense competition for transport Intense competition for acres

31 Discussion