The Kidney & Its Role in Maintaining Homeostasis. A lesson on the importance of,, &
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1 The Kidney & Its Role in Maintaining Homeostasis A lesson on the importance of,, &
2 How Does the Body Maintain Homeostasis? Every cell produces metabolic waste. Product of cellular respiration: CO 2 Another toxic compound is. Produced when are used for. Get rid of through. Another example of. Which body organ used for excretion?.
3 Which Organs Make Up the Excretory System? Excrete. Excrete. Excretes and.
4 Role of the Excretory System
5 Gross Anatomy of Kidney in the abdominal cavity. shaped. Just below the. Size of a.
6 Gross Anatomy of Kidney Posterior in the abdominal cavity. Bean shaped Just below the rib cage Size of a fist Each attaches to. Tube that connects kidney to. Bladder is sac that collects..
7 What do they do? Waste products from end up in the Blood circulates around the body including the kidneys = away from the heart, into the kidney = leaves the kidney, back to the heart Kidney waste products and makes.
8 Kidney Facts The rate of filtration is approximately 125 ml/ min or 45 gallons (180 liters) each day. Considering that you have 7 to 8 liters of blood in your body, this means that your entire blood volume gets filtered approximately 20 to 25 times each day!
9 Inside the kidney : part. : part. : for urine.
10 A closer look
11 Functional Unit: Nephron The of the kidney. ~ in each kidney. Each has its own supply. Has a tube that materials pass into:. Waste products end up in that leads to. The wall of the nephron tube is.
12 What s happening in the nephron?
13 Filtration Plasma is the portion of the blood About is pushed through into the nephron at the. Fluid flows from blood to Bowman s capsule. The nephron membrane lets in, (salts),,, and acids.. Why do proteins, platelets, and cells remain in blood?
14 Reabsorption Kidneys filter entire volume of blood! Don t want to toss out everything in the urine Get the good stuff back into the plasma (blood) Uses both and to retrieve good molecules from the lumen is transported to the plasma follows! osmosis
15 Secretion Bad stuff like waste is left in the (tubules) Anything not reabsorbed into the blood gets thrown out. Leftover material is. Contains,, and. Urine is concentrated in. Section of nephron. Water is conserved; urine minimized. Urine collected & stored in. Released from body through.
16 What if it doesn t work? Kidney usage is usually measured in. If you lose a kidney you can still filter 100% (you really only need one) When total kidney function drops below it can be lethal Treatment-.
17 Hemodialysis = blood Internal filters don t work, use an filter Blood is filtered through an external machine.
18 The dialyzer is to kidney as dialyzer is to. Much simpler than the nephron on one side, on the other. between
19 Why does it work? A waste product like urea is concentrated in the than in the fluid, so the urea passes through and is washed away.
20 Life on dialysis Kidneys work 24/7 to get the job done Dialysis is, not continuous Dialysis takes hours Patients go to a clinic 3 times a week (MWF or THS)
21 Is hemodialysis just as good as a kidney? What do you think?
22 Hemodialysis Effectiveness About as effective as normal kidneys Became available in the early 60s Some of the first patients are still alive Not a full life expectancy Without dialysis- certain death Americans
23 Be the doctor! Manipulating the dialysate End-stage: (kidney) leads to concentration getting very This can cause big problems (Na+/K+ pump) What should you do to the concentration of potassium ions in the dialysate to fix this problem?
24 What are kidney stones? Buildup of or. Due to /.
25 Can you die from drinking too much (water)? Yes! What is out of balance? What organs are affected?
26
27 Reabsorption Don t want to toss out everything in the urine Get the good stuff back into the plasma (blood) Uses both active and passive transport to retrieve good molecules from the lumen Sodium is transported to the plasma Water follows! osmosis Bad stuff like waste is left in the lumen(tubules) Anything that doesn t get reabsorbed into the blood gets thrown out
28 What s happening in the nephron?
29 Functional Unit: Nephron Organization
30 What is the GOAL(function) of the tubules and loop of Henle??
31 Do fish pee? Which fish has to drink? Which fish has more dilute urine?
32 Organization of Excretory System
33 The dialyzer Nephron is to kidney as dialyzer is to hemodialysis Much simpler than the nephron Blood on one side, liquid on the other Semi-permeable membrane between
34 Why are you thirsty? Blood osmolarity is greater than the set point! The extra solute in your blood interacts with receptors in your brain. The hormone ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) works to correct this!
35 Does caffiene make you pee more? Caffeine is a weak inhibitor of ADH. What would that do? Does coffee/coca-cola quench your thirst?
36 What s happening in the nephron?
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