WCES Introduction

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1 Available online at Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 15 (2011) WCES-2011 Comparison powers of couple force of anterior & posterior rotator's muscles in Hyperlordosis and healthy male Abdolhamid Habibi a *, Mansour Sahebozamani b, Yadollah Zibaye Yekta c, Rohollah Valizadeh d a Shahid Chamran University,Koye Asatid,Ahvaz ,Iran b Shahid Bahonar University,Kerman ,Iran c Shahid Bahonar University,,Kerman ,Iran d Islamic Azad University Omidiyeh Branch,Eghbal Street,Korush,Ahvaz ,Iran Abstract on based of Kendall and his colleagues assumptions believed was a weakness in muscles of abdomen and femur extensor will be cause of pelvic anterior turn and also increase of lumbar arc (Kendall, 2005).But recent researches have doubt about the true of this subject the purpose of this study was to Comparison powers of couple force of anterior & posterior rotator's muscles in hyperlordosis and healthy male. 81 people were participated in this study (21/25± 1/70 years, 175/67± 5/89 cm, 75/70± 6/27 kg).a Dynamometers push &pull (power of back extensors, hip flexors& extensors and abdominal muscles) and a flexible ruler (arch lumbar) was used. Analyze statistically Results this study does with SPSS 18 and = 0/05. Significant differences between powers of couple force of posterior rotator's muscles have observed (P<0/05). But we don t have observed Significant differences between powers of couple force of anterior rotator's muscles (P>0/05) According to the results this study my be concluded that weakness of posterior rotation muscle in people with increased lumbar lordosis, which cause muscular imbalance in the area that probably to considering the weakness of posterior rotation muscle in people with increased lumbar lordosis or prescribe of reinforcement exercises to balance muscle strength in lumbar pelvic belt area to help deformity correction in the lumbar region Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. Keywords: Rotator's muscles, Lordosis, Couple force; 1- Introduction Human s vertebral column consists of four physiological curvatures which keeps the trunk in the body alignment (Saxton, 1988). Among these physiological curves, two curvatures are in the form of the lordosis in the lumber area and two curvatures are in the form ridges in the lumbosacral part of the body (Jayson, 1992). Lumbar lordosis is one of the major parts of the vertebral column which can disturb the body balance if it is abnormal (kendall et al, 2005). A good posture depends on proper flexibility of the hamstring tendons, hip flexors and extensors and vertebral column, and makes it possible to keep the curvatures of the vertebral column in a proper position (Radziszewski, 2007). Based on the biomechanical model of the vertebral column, it has been suggested that the stability of the vertebral column is influenced by coordination of muscles and inactive factors (McGill, 2002), though proper stability usually depends on the interaction of the anterior and posterior muscles of the vertebral column (Shirazi, 2005& Kavcic, 2004). In the lumbopelvic zone, four groups of muscles are active which form two couple forces in * Abdolhamid Habibi. Tel.: ; fax: address: Hamidhabibi330@gmail.com Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi: /j.sbspro Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.

2 Abdolhamid Habibi et al. / Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 15 (2011) the pelvis. In anatomic condition, these two couples forces not only keep the pelvis in place but also control the anterior and posterior rotation with their synthetic and reverse actions. Abdominal muscles in the anterior side of the body along with the hip joint extensors in the posterior side form one of the couple forces whose simultaneous contraction causes the posterior rotation of the pelvis and subsequently the reduction of the angle of the lumbar lordosis. The second couple force is caused by the combination of hip joint flexor muscle in the anterior side and the back extensors. Their simultaneous contraction causes the anterior tilt of the pelvis and therefore increases the angle of the lumbar lordosis (Kendall et al, 2005). Therefore, weakness in any of the lumbopelvic muscles can cause pelvic rotation and lumbar lordosis problems as it disturbs the balance of the body (Norris, 2000). This hypothesis was first proposed by (Kendall et al, 2005) and after them, other researchers like (Davis et al, 2004); (Heino et al, 1990); (Kisner et al, 2002) and (Jull et al, 1987), confirmed it and is now widely accepted, for example (Davis et al, 2004) dealt with the low back pain in their study. 43 young people with low back pain did an exercise plan including extending the back of the legs and bending the back in an isometric form. The results showed that strengthening the abdominal and lumber flexor muscles influence the amount of the curvature to a significant extent (Davis et al, 2004). However, (Walker et al, 1987) questioned this hypothesis for the first time. He studied the relationships between lumbar lordosis, pelvis rotation and the strength of the abdominal muscles in a standing posture, and conducted repeated measurements on 31 students of physiotherapy (8 females and 23 males) in an age range of 20 to 32 but he did not find any significant relationship between the mentioned variables. In another research (Youdas et al, 2000) investigated the relationship between nine variables of age, sex, BMI, OSWESTRY disability test, level of physical activity, length of hip flexors, strength of abdominal muscles and range of motion of lumbar extensors and flexors (ROM), and conducted measurements on 30 males and 30 females with an mean age of 54.9 for 4 months, but he did not find any relationship between the lumbopelvic angle and the strength of the abdominal muscles. Such findings can also be seen in similar researches conducted by (Levin et al, 1997); (Bickham et al, 2000); and (Kim et al, 2006). Considering the contradictory findings of the previous studies as well as the shortcomings that exist in most of those studies, use of different methods,data collection and measurement instruments, number of subjects, dealing with only one or at most some groups of muscles and above all regarding the fact that previous studies have not taken into consideration the effect of lumbopelvic ring muscles in the form of couple forces in the rotation of the pelvis and subsequently increase or decrease in the lumber curvature, this research aims to compare the anterior and posterior muscles in healthy people with hyperlordosis people and will try to find out if there is any difference between the strength of the interior or posterior rotators in healthy and hyper lordosis people or not. 2- Method In this research, 80 students who did not have a record of vertebral surgery operation, severe or chronic back pain or muscular and skeletal diseases were randomly chosen. After measuring their lumbar curvature, 70 of them among whom 31 people were with hyperlordosis and 39 had natural lumbar curvatures participated in the research. A 30 cm flexible ruler was used for measuring the lumbar curvature in the (Youdas et al, 2006) method (Seidi et al, 2009); (Nourbakhsh et al, 2003). In order to determine the strength of the lumbopelvic muscles a hydraulic push & pull dynamometer was used (Lanning et al, 2006). After measuring the muscular power, the strength of the anterior rotator muscles among the hip joint flexors and extensors and also the strength of the posterior rotators from among the hip extensors and abdominal muscles were measured. For drawing a comparison between the strength of the anterior and posterior muscles in healthy and hyper lordosis people we have used independent t theory SPSS18 with the significant level %95 and Results Table 1; descriptive information of general qualities of the subjects Healthy subjects (N=39) Age 21.62± ±1.71 Height ± ±5.78 Weight 75.88± ±6.36 BMI 24.66± ±1.92 Hyperlordosis subjects (N=31)

3 2344 Abdolhamid Habibi et al. / Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 15 (2011) Angel of Lordosis 36.95± ±1.15 Table 2; the mean of variables of power and the ratio of power in healthy and hyperlordosis people subjects variables Healthy people Hyperlordosis people The strength of abdominal muscles 20.17± ±3.51 The strength of lumbar extensors 33.57± ±3.52 The strength of right hip extensors 18.78± ±4.75 The strength of left hip extensor 17.41± ±4.39 The strength of right hip flexor 24.24± ±4.65 The strength of left hip flexor 22.45± ±4.80 Couple forces of posterior rotators 56.36±13/ ±12.60 Couple forces of anterior rotators 80.26± ±12.90 Table 3; the comparison between of posterior couple forces of rotators in healthy and hyperlordosis people F mean sd Std. error difference t df sig The strength of the posterior couple forces of rotators in healthy people The strength of the posterior couple forces of rotators in hyperlodosis people Table 4; the comparison between of anterior couple forces of rotators in healthy and hyperlordosis people F mean sd Std. error difference t df sig The strength of the anterior couple forces of rotators in healthy people The strength of the anterior couple forces of rotators in hyperlodosis people Discussion and conclusion The findings of the research showed that there is a significant difference between the strength of the force of posterior rotators in healthy people and hyperlordosis people (t=2.84, p= 0.006). Kendall believes that four groups of muscles are active in the lumbopelvic area which are in balance and keep the pelvis in its proper place. Therefore, weakness in any of the muscles of the lumbopelvic girdle can disturb the balance of the muscles which by itself ends in pelvic rotation or lumbar lordosis (Norris, 2000) ;( Kendall et al, 2005). Other researchers like (Kisner et al, 2005); (Cailliet, 1995); (Jull et al, 1987) and (Magee, 2002) have confirmed this. In another research in which the influence of a movement plan on the lumborlordosis has been studied it is shown that after doing an exercise plan, a significant difference was noticed in the angle of the lordosis in the subjects of the research(daneshmandi, 2006) ( 0.01). The findings of that research were similar to our findings because according to Kendall s theory the weakness in the posterior rotator muscles in hyperlordosis people causes muscular imbalance and therefore ends in anterior pelvic rotation. So, strengthening these muscles we can compensate this lack of balance and pelvic rotation

4 Abdolhamid Habibi et al. / Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 15 (2011) to front will also be compensated. however, after researched conducted by Walker et al, 1987; and Kim et al, 2006 that have studied the relationship between one or some muscle groups and lumbar lordosis have also stated that no significant relationship can be observed between the strength of each of the four muscle groups and lumbar lordosis. This was different to the findings of this research. The most important difference between those researches and our research is the fact that they have studied the strength of each of the lumbopelvic girdle muscles and its relationship with lumbar lordosis while they have failed to consider the function of other muscles in this area and the balance among them. The results of the independent t test has shown that there is a significant discrepancy between the strength of the anterior rotator muscles in healthy people and hyper lordosis people (t= 1.77, p= 0.082). These are congruous with the results of (Kendall, 2005); (Kisner et al, 2002) and (Sinaki, 1996), but this response different with results of Kim et al, A lot of reasons can be mentioned for this disparity but most of them are similar to those mentioned about the posterior rotator muscles. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that weakness in posterior rotator muscles in hyperlordosis people is the main reason for disturbance of the balance in this part of the body and therefore, we can probably correct this malformation by prescribing exercises that help to cause balance in the muscular power in the lumbopelvic girdle. Acknowledgements Special thank than all friends that helped me to do this study. References Bickham, D, W. Young and P. Blanch (2000). Relationship between a lumbopelvic stabilization strength test and pelvic motion in running. J of Sport Rehabil, 9(3): Cailliet, R.(1995).Low Back Pain Syndrome.5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: FA Davis Co. Daneshmandi, Hassan. (2006), "Effect of a protocol exercise of the lumbar lordosis. Journal of Research in Sports Sciences, 8: Davis J. E. et al. (2004). The value of exercises in the treatment of low back pain. Rheumato Rehabil, 38; PP: Qhfrkhy, Leila. Ghasemi, Gholam Ali. (2008). Effect of eight weeks of lumbar lordosis corrective exercise. Research in Rehabilitation Sciences. 3: Heino, J.G.; J.J. Godges; C.L. Carter (1990). Relationship between hip extension range of motion and postural alignment. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther; 12: Jayson, M. I. V. (1992). The lumbar spine and back pain (4 th ed). Churchill Livingstone Jull, G.A.; V. Janda (1987). Muscles and motor control in low-back pain: assessment and management. Twomey LT, Taylor JR, eds. Physical Therapy of the Low Back. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone Inc, Kavcic N, Grenier S. McGill SM: (2004) Quantifying tissue loads and spine stability while performing commonly prescribed low back stabilization exercises. Spine, 29(20): Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance P. G. (2005). Muscles, Testing and Function: With Posture and Pain. 5th ed. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins. Kim, H.J.; S. Chung; S. Kim; H. Shin; J. Lee; S. Kim; M.Y. Song (2006). Influences of trunk muscles on lumbar lordosis and sacral angle. Eur Spine J, 15(4): Kisner, C.; L.A. Colby (2002). Therapeutic Exercise: Foundations and Techniques. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: FA Davis Co. Lanning, C.L.; T.L. Uhl; C.L. Ingram; et al. (2006). Baseline values of trunk endurance and hip strength in collegiate athletes. J Athl Train. 41(4): Levine, D.; J.R. Walker; L.J. Tillman (1997). The Effect of Abdominal Muscle Strengthening on Pelvic Tilt and Lumbar Lordosis. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 3: Magee Dj. (2002). Orthopedic physical assessment 4 th ed WB saunders Philadelphia. McGill S: (2002). Low back disorders: evidence-based prevention and rehabilitation. Champaign, IL, Human Kinetics; xv, 295. Nicolas, J A, Sapega, Al et et al. (1978). Factors Influencing Manual Muscle tests in physical Therapy. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 60 A: Nourbakhsh, Mohammad Reza. Mousavi, Sayed Javad. (2003). Reproducibility and validity of a flexible ruler in measuring lumbar lordosis. Journal - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 12: No. 36. Fall Norris, C.M. (2000). Back stability. Human Kinetics. Radziszewski KR. (2007). Physical exercise in the treatment of patients with lumbar discopathy. Ortop Traumatol RehabilJan-Feb; 9(1): Rajabi, R. Samadi, H. (2009). Laboratory guide in corrective exercise. Institute of Tehran University Press.

5 2346 Abdolhamid Habibi et al. / Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 15 (2011) Saxton, J. B. (1988). Normal and abnormal postures in the sagittal plane and their relationship to low back pain. Physiotherapy Practics, 4, Seidi, F. Rajabi, R. Ismaeil. T, A. Ali Akbar, j. (2008). Associated power of abdominal and hip extensor muscles with lumbar lordosis, movement and exercise science magazine, Issue 10, pp Seidi, F. Rajabi, R. Ismaeil. T, A. Ali Akbar, j. (2009). Associated pelvic Lumbar girdle muscles - arch lumbar lordosis. Olympic Journal, Year 16, No. 3 (row 43). Pp Shirazi-Adl A, El-Rich M, Pop DG, Parnianpour M: (2005). Spinal muscleforces, internal loads and stability in standing under various postures and loads--application of kinematics-based algorithm. Eur Spine J, 14(4): Sinaki, M.; E. Itoi; J.W. Rogers et al (1996). Correlation of back extensor strength with thoracic Kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in estrogendeficient women. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 75: Walker, M.L.; J.M. Rothstein; S.D. Finucane; R.L. Lamb (1987). Relationships between lumbar lordosis, pelvic tilt, and abdominal muscle performance. Phys Ther, 7: Youdas, J.W.; J. Hollman; D. Krause (2006). The effects of gender, age, and body mass index on standing lumbar curvature in persons without current low back pain. Phys Ther Theory Pract, 22(5): Youdas, J.W.; T.R. Garrett; K.S. Egan; T.M. Therneau (2000). Lumbar lordosis and pelvic inclination in adults with chronic low back pain. Phys Ther, 80:

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