The relation between the anthropometric and body muscles endurance with backaches in karate female athletes

Transcription

1 The relation between the anthropometric and body muscles with backaches in karate female athletes Leila Dehbidian M.A in exercise and sport training, Shushtar Azad University, Iran Soroor Soltani M.A in exercise and sport training, Shushtar Azad University, Iran Abstract The backache limits the physical and social activities and makes individual life annoying. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the body muscles in belly area and back and some of anthropometry with the backache rate in female karate athletes who had the back dimple, a number of 30 individuals from karate athletes who participated in this research had the back dimple disorder and they were divided in to three categories of intensive, middle and slight backache. The pain of these people was determined by the use of incapability and anesthesia pains. To evaluate the presence of relation between the body muscles and anthropometry specifications with backache at first was measured for individuals' features as weight, scales of body mass. Then the related tests were performed for body muscles measurement. To measure the back muscles, the Sorenson test was used and for measuring the belly muscles the sit and bend test was used. Some of anthropometry specifications include the upside and downside organs length, the basin width, the shoulder width and sitting position length were measured too. The statistical results showed that there is meaningful negative relationship between belly and back muscle, p=0.000<0.05. The obtained results declared that by increase of body muscles the backache is reduced. Also between some of anthropometry specifications as upside and downside body length, the basin width, shoulder width and the backache, no meaningful relation was observed and there was only a meaningful relation between the back moving domain with the backache, p<0.05. Therefore it seems that the low muscle in the back and belly muscle and reduction of athletes moving domain in back area increases the backache occurrence danger. Keywords: muscles, anthropometry specifications, backaches, Bach dimple disorder. Page 221

2 Introduction: Every day the number of people who refer to doctor for backache is increased, among them we can name to people that due to different reasons as carelessness, lack of enough information about how they should carry heavy loads and how to sleep or due to sport damages which cause backache for them, the researchers have shown that most of these people are n partly weak physical condition, 1. Recently we have seen backache increasing events among athletes to the point that it is known as an obstacle to achieve high sport championship. In many of sport experts, all athletes have declared about backache at last once during their life. In most of items the reason of backache in athletes and people who suffer from backache is not due to special problem rather the main reason is due to the muscle weakness and improper physical condition as the back dimple and application of irrational techniques during the sport techniques operation. Anyhow there should be adequate attention during facing with backache in athletes because back as the pillar of body is affected due to any problem of disorder in skills operational quality, 1. The muscle is the main element to show the physical preparation and human body structure performance, 6. Hence muscle reduction is the main element could lead to unnatural movement of body some organs, in this extend the body muscles role have been evaluated toward the damaging pressures in different researches, 6. The spine muscles are conditional that assist bending by keeping body directly and controlling body movement during bending, 7. Also because the muscles capacity shows the their tiredness capacity, it is imagined that people with fewer muscle in body muscles are faced with structural pressures more that it might be leads to improper pressures on the spine and causes backache, 17. Bearing and Sorenson in 1984 did a research about the low of body muscles as a risky importance factors for backache occurrence, 10. In other research made by Nourbakhsh and Arab in 1381 reported a meaningful relation between the body low and backache, 10. In other research Nourbakhsh and Arab in 138 reported the meaningful relation between the body muscles low with backache, 6. The length effect and the Bach and belly muscles was reported by Yudas about the back lordosis rate, hence the spine directing muscles and the belly muscles weakness leads to the back lordosis, 11. Many researches have reported the body muscles reduction in athletes who have the back dimple, 5, 7, 8. This lack of balance in body muscles leads to the pressure increase in spine at the back area. In a research performed in 2005 by kim hey jou et al, they concluded that there is meaningful relation between the backache and the rate of back dimple and muscles, 8. Therefore the muscles tests could be important n prediction and prevention and rehabilitation of problems related to the spine, 4. Williams in 1957 believed that because the human condition in modern life is on the siting position, it leads that the belly remains in the resting condition and the back muscles are on the pressure frequently and by passage of time the back muscles are strengthened due to high activity during day and they are shortened, actually the center weight is bent forward. This displacement is compensated by the back dimple increasing. So the result the pressure on the spine backward side and the disk between them is increased and due to the weakness and muscles looseness, they are not capable to come up with pressure increase and they are extended only during the daily activity. Therefore Williams's believes that the body bending Page 222

3 muscles should be trained, 4. In addition to this theory, machnezy believes that the patients who suffer from backache due to the body directing muscles wrong position, they suffer extension more than usual and it causes backache. Actually he believes that the back dimple in people who suffer from backache is reduced, 4. The anthropometry specifications in athletes description and analysis has been used in order to understand the growth, exercise performance and body structure and t has special importance, 10. The anthropometry term and its specific actions is studied by measuring different parts of body as body structure measuring, determination of fat rat and body length and also spine curvature measuring, 10. Some of researchers have introduced anthropometry specifications as spine deflection and basin width as the factor risk for chronic batches, 9 and 10. Yudas and coworkers in a research evaluated the anthropometry specifications and concluded that by increase of some specifications as body mass scale and lordose leads to backache enhancement, 11. Evaluation of relation between anthropometry specification and backaches could be used for realization of capable factors that increase these pains and also as a method for athletes' realization who suffer from these pains, 10. Hence the present research is trying to evaluate the relation between the body muscles (back and bely muscles) and some of anthropometry specifications (the body composition and the above organs length and basin length and shoulder width and moving domain sitting length and back dimple angle) according to the backaches in females athletes who have the disorder in the back dimple The research methodology The participants in this research include 30 individuals from female karate athletes who were the member of club and all of them had disorder in their backs and participated in this research as volunteer. The backache rate was measured by the use of incapability questionnaire and testing factors were divided in to three categories of intensive, medium and slight. First some individual factors as weight, tallness and body index mass were measured by digital balance, then the back lordisis angle and spine moving domain were measured and registered. The measuring method was to sign L1, S2 points and ruler and the curve figure is drowned on paper. To end of curve is jointed to a line named L and from the curve peek a vertical line is drown to L line and called H, the curvature angle is calculated through below formula. For more assurance, every measurement id repeated three times and the angles average is considered. In order to measure the muscles that included body muscles and back, the clinical tests were used. For measuring belly muscles, the siting and bending test was used, and participants were lying on the ground and bent their legs and put their hands aside. And other person will take their legs firmly to run the test completely, then the participant is asked to perform the correct movement within one minute and by announcing the start time, the test is begun and after 1 minute, the research ask him to stop activity and the correct sitting and bending movements are registered. This test s repeated for all participants in three times and finally the average of muscles is registered for individuals' body muscle. In order to measure the back muscle, the Sorensen test is used. In this test, the participant is lying on the ground while he has fastened Page 223

4 his arms behind his head and his foods are fastened to the bed in order not to be separated from the bed, then by informing the start time by the researcher and starting the timer, the participant will separate his chest and belly from the bed and keep it as much as he can, during the test operation the participant is given some notes after a while when the participant put his chest on the bed, the time is stopped and the time is registered, this test is repeated three times and the obtained averages was there presentation of the person back muscle, also some of the anthropometry specifications as the above and down organs length, the basin width and shoulder width and the length in sitting position are measured, all of these measurements are performed in three levels and finally the averages are registered, the tallness in the sitting position: the participant sits on a chair which is supported to the wall and then the distance between the highest part on the wall to the chair is measured and it is registered as the tallness in sitting position, the distance between the last excrescence to the hand middle finger while the hand is extended is measured and it is registered as the sitting tallness, 9. The distance between the leg ridge trochant or to the land is measured and it is considered as the above organ length, 16. The distance between the last excrescence and the left and right sides as the shoulder width, 9 and the distance between the left and right iliac crest as the basin width is registered. To determine the pain intensity the incapability questionnaire and oswestry pain in the form of 10 parts with sentences that choosing one of them in each section can evaluate the patient performance capability in tolerance and pain intensity withstanding and personal caring and caring objects and walking, sitting, standing, sleeping and social communications and traveling are used as criterions in this research. In every part of selection, the first sentence received the zero and the last selection received the 5 score and the total sum of ten section considered as the ration from 50 score (the maximum score) that is multiplied to the 100 as the total percent of score. This research is the predictive correlated research that evaluates the relation between the body muscles and anthropometry specifications with back pains rate in female karate athletes who suffer from the back dimple disorder, the statistical method used in this research was the Pearson correlation method that evaluated the relation between the criterion and predictive. The research findings: In table 1, the relation between the information of back and belly muscles in participants and the pain rate in different groups have been presented, also the information related to the anthropometry specifications has been presented for three groups in table 2. Table 1: the pain rate average, the back muscle and participants belly muscle. Table 1: the pain rate average, the participants belly muscles group number Pain rate Back muscles Belly muscle Slight backache Medium backache Intensive backache Page 224

5 Observation about the presented information in table 1 proves that the most back muscles is related to the group who have the slight backache with average of second and the minimum rate is related to the group who have the pain with average at second, also about the belly muscles, the group has the slight backache with average of second as the maximum and other group with average of second as the minimum rate. Table 2: the average of some anthropometry specifications in participants of different groups who had backache Back dimple angle Bach moving domain )in angle) Sitting tallness )cm( Down body length )cm( Above body length )cm( Basin width )cm( Shoulder width )cm( Number Group Slight Medium intensive Observing the presented information in table 2 proves that there is no special relation between different anthropometry specifications by different groups who had backache, while it was expected that by increase of pain intensity, the obtained values are increased as well. It means that these data have had increased from the highest level to the lowest level, only in back moving domain we can observe relation with different groups that its rates are reduced from the high level to down level. That means by increase of pain intensity, the back moving domain is reduced. According to the related data in back muscles intensity measurement and based on the obtained results, it was observed that there is meaningful relation between the back muscles and the backache rate, p=0.000<0.05 as it is observed in table 3, the correlation sign is negative and actually a negative meaningful relation between the back muscles and the backache is observed, the correlation rate also identifies the correlation intensity, from other hand according to the data related to the belly muscles and based on the statistical results we found that there is meaningful relation between the belly muscles and backache, p=0.000<0.05. as it is seen in table3, the negative correlation sign is negative and actually a meaningful correlation is observed between the belly muscle and backache, the correlation rate is , that identifies the correlation intensity, therefore based on the mentioned issue, there is negative meaningful relation between the body muscles and backache, that means by increase of body muscles, the backache is also reduced, as the result the research first hypothesis is approved. Page 225

6 Table 3: the correlation rate between the body muscle and backache pains Belly muscles Back muscles Dependent Independent Pearson correlation coefficient backache Sig.(2-tailed) As it is observed from table3, the correlation rate between the belly muscles and pain intensity with rate of compared to the correlation rate between back muscles is more compared to pain intensity with amount. According to the data related to the anthropometry measuring and based on the statistical results we observe that there is no meaningful relation between the above organs and the pain rate, p>0.05. Also it was observed that there is no meaningful relation between other anthropometry specification as down part organs length, shoulder width, basin width and sitting tallness with backache, p>0.05. Table 4 presents related information about the correlation rate between some of the anthropometry specifications with backache rate. Back muscles Dependent Independent Belly muscles Back muscles Dependent Pearson correlation coefficient Sig.(2- tailed) Independent Backache Information in table 4 shows that there is no relation between none of down part organs, shoulder width, basin width and sitting tallness with backache, p>0.05, also it was observed that the maximum correlation coefficient rate is related to the down part organs and the minimum rate is related to the upside organs length According to the related data in back muscles and based on the statistical results we see that there is no meaningful relation between the back lordosis angle and back muscles, p<0.05. on the other hand as it was seen in table 5 there was no relation between the belly muscles and the lordosis back angle, p<0.05 Table5: the correlation rate between the body muscles and the back lordosis angle Belly muscles Back muscles Dependent Independent Pearson correlation Back lordosis coefficient angle Sig.(2-tailed) Information in table 5 proves that the maximum rate of correlation is related to the belly muscle and the minimum rate is related to the back muscles that of Page 226

7 course both of them are low and according to the P rates, we see that each of them do not have meaningful relation with backache. In this research the relation between the body muscle and antrhopo0mtryy specifications and backache rate in female athletes who have back dimple disorder is evaluated. The result of research showed that there is negative meaningful relation between the body muscle and backache that means by increase of body muscle the backache is reduced. This result is similar to the result of Arab research in 1379 and et all. The reported result in this research was about people who suffered about the belly muscle weakness compared to safe people in which all items are related to the back muscles tolerance reduction, 2. Different researches have been done about the backaches in athletes out of country and most of them have declared the relation between the body muscles and backaches that have the same results. Of these researches we can name to the research made by Kankanpa et al in 198 in which they compared the body muscles and basin in people who suffered from backache, the results showed that in the group in which member had intensive backache compared to control group, the muscles intensity is lower, 18. Plowman in 1992 declared about the relation between the bending muscles and spine muscles with Back lower part pain that no reason exist about the high of spine bending muscles cause people to suffer from back lower part pain, therefore improving the muscle preparation is not only against medical activities rather it could be a part of clinical treatment that the present research result has conformity with it but Gomez in 1994 declared that there is no meaningful relation between the belly muscles isometric with backache. In this research there was positive relation between the moving domain inconformity and backache. Therefore no relation found between the body muscles isometric, 19. The present research results did not have conformity with Gomez research that might be related to the differences in research samples, he used many different samples and in his research there were other people who did not have backache, while in our research all researches had backache and they were different in their backache intensity. The results showed that there is no meaningful relation between the extensor muscles after and before the exercises, 28. This research is considered as limited researches rejects the relation between the back muscles and it does not have conformity with present research, it should be noted that in this research to evaluate the back muscles, the surface electromyography is used while in present Sorensen test has been used from the same purpose, two different measuring methods are used that could be the result of possible differences, also the Gerifka research at al performed a research on 82 people who were all athletes while our research performed on 30 of them that it could be other reason of disconformities, in 2004nakazato also made a research about backache on wrestlers, the researchers concluded that the low of body muscles might be one of the backache reasons in wrestlers at university, 13. In another review in 2007 by Hamburg at al they understood related reasons in physical preparation as back muscle and backache and they found definite documents about lack of any relation between body muscles with backache, 14, according to the results this review pointed out to 24 cases within 26 items in the research that showed the relation between the physical capacity and danger of backache suffering but presence of this relation is not approved about the body muscles and backache. The considerable point is that most of researches have done in this field are among the old people and none athletics that Page 227

8 due to longevity and lack of adequate movement had low physical capability and this issue was the reason for backache in these people and researchers could not find any meaningful relation between these pains and muscles, while in present research samples all participants were young and athletes that could be the difference reason in this reviewing in this research. The result of our research showed that there is no meaningful relation between the anthropometry specifications as upside organs length, downside organs length, basin width, shoulder width and sitting angle with backaches in athletes. In 1380 some of the anthropometry specifications and backache were measured in 20 people that the results showed lack of meaningfulness between anthropometry specification and backache rate, 3. Also Poup in 1985 evaluated the relation between some of anthropometry specifications and backache and the research results also proved that there is no meaningful relations between these and our research have conformity with it. Although our research result had conformity with Poup research, we should pay attention to this point that some of anthropometry specifications which measured by him are similar to our research. Specifications and the downside organs length and the back lordosis angle were the same in both research and other specifications were not measured. This result existed in Poup research too. The present research had similar results with Yusel research. This research evaluated the relation between the back lordosis angle and spine moving ability in people who had the backache. This factor includes the extension and flexion moving domain of back. The research results showed that the chronic backache has effects on spine and limits the spine extension moving domain, 15. Of the newest research in this field is done by Gerifka et al in 2006 in which athletes performed special tests for spine moving ability and results showed that the is no meaningful relation between the spine moving ability and backache, 16. In this research the chronicle tests used for spine moving ability and back moving measurement. The difference between the measuring methods could be a reason in lack of conformity in this research with Gerifka et al research.. Conclusion: According to the results of this research it seems that athletes have low muscle in belly muscles and they are faced with backache danger as by body muscles reduction the backache is increased. Also the present research results show that some of anthropometry specifications as the organs length, basin width, shoulder width and back dimple angle does not have relation with the backaches degree and only the back moving domain has meaningful relation with backache intensity, on the other hand the body muscles does not have relation with back dimple angle, therefore it is advised that more emphasis is made on the body muscles exercises and performing back moving domain increasing exercises among athletics to avoid backache by increase of these factors which are obstacle in achieving high sport degrees and championship for athletes, also it is advised that other relation between the physical preparation as flexibility and power of body muscles with backache is considered in evaluation. The present research is registered as the M.A thesis in shushtar Azad university and it is completed by a group of athletes cooperation in Abadan city who had back dimple disorder that here in we appreciate for their assistance. Page 228

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