PSYC 441 Cognitive Psychology II
|
|
- Barnaby Lindsey
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PSYC 441 Cognitive Psychology II Session 3 Paradigms and Research Methods in Cognitive Psychology Lecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept., of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information: bamponsah@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing and Distance Education 2014/ /2017
2 Session Overview This session will focus on the various frameworks used by cognitive psychologists in planning and executing their research. These are referred to as paradigms and we shall discuss four of such paradigms. We shall also discuss the major research methodologies used to study cognitive psychology. The choice of a particular method is determined largely by the logic of the method in answering the research questions and to smaller extent, the type of data generated. Slide 2
3 Session Objectives At the end of the session, the student will be able to List and discuss the paradigms used in the study of cognition Discuss the focus of each paradigm in detail Describe the methods used to conduct cognitive psychological research. Slide 3
4 Session Outline The key topics to be covered in the session are as follows: Topic One: Information Processing Paradigm Topic Two: Parallel-Distributed Processing Paradigm Topic Three: Ecological and Evolutionary Approaches Topic Four: Research Methods in Cognitive Psychology Naturalistic Observations, Introspection, clinical Interviews, Experiments and Quasi-experiments, Neuropsychological Investigations Slide 4
5 Reading List Ashcraft, M. H. (2013). Cognition (6 th edn.), London: Pearson Education Int. Eysenck, M. W. (2012). Fundamentals of Cognition (2ed). Psychology Press, Sussex. Galotti, K. M. (2017). Cognitive Psychology: In and out of the laboratory (6 th edn.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Halpern, D. F. (2013). Sex differences in cognitive abilities (2ed). Lawrence Erlbaum Ass. NJ. Hunt, R. R. & Ellis, H. C. (2004). Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology (7 th edn.), New York: McGraw-Hill. Willingham, D, B. (2013). Cognition: The thinking animal (International edn. NJ: Prentice-Hall). Slide 5
6 Topic One INFORMATION PROCESSING PARADIGM Slide 6
7 We now focus on the frameworks used by cognitive psychologists in planning and executing their research. What is a paradigm? First, a paradigm may be thought of as a body of knowledge structured according to what its proponents consider important and what they do not. Secondly, paradigms also include all the assumptions that researchers make in studying a phenomenon of interest. Slide 7
8 Thirdly, paradigms also specify the kinds of experimental methods and measures that are considered appropriate to use in an investigation. We may consider paradigms as intellectual frameworks that guide investigators in studying, understanding and explaining phenomena. Slide 8
9 Information Processing Paradigm The information processing approach is the most popular paradigm used in the study of cognition and it has dominated cognitive psychology since the 1960s and 1970s. The approach draws on analogy between human cognition and computerized processing of information. The popularity of this approach is also directly related to the development known as computer metaphor. According to the computational metaphor, our cognitive processes work like a computer a complex, multipurpose machine that processes information quickly and accurately. Slide 9
10 In Information Processing, Cognition can be considered as information (information represents - what we see, hear, read about, think about) passing through a system (our minds). The information is processed (meaning information is received, stored, recoded, transformed, retrieved and transmitted) in stages and it s stored in specific places while it is being processed. Slide 10
11 TYPICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL
12 One important limitation of the informationprocessing approach is that it doesn t adequately explain how several stimuli are processed and retrieved at the same time. Slide 12
13 Topic Two PARALLEL-DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING Slide 13
14 This is an attempt to explore alternatives to the information-processing approach in the early 1980s. One outcome is development of the framework known as the Parallel-Distributed Processing (sometimes called Connectionist model). Its name is derived from models which depict cognition as a network of connections among simple but numerous processing units. Because these units are sometimes compared to neurons (the cells that transmit electrical impulses), they are sometimes called neural networks. Slide 14
15 Each unit is connected to other units in a large network. Each unit (node) has a level of activation at any particular moment in time. Slide 15
16 Parallel Distributed Processing
17 Important Notes on the Connectionist Model The units in the centre are sometimes called nodes (a point in a network upon which a number of operations impinge). Each node depicts a certain individual and each unit is connected to other units that depict certain information about individuals e.g., names, cars, professions etc. The arrows between units depict excitatory or positively weighted connections. When a unit reaches a certain level of activation, it activates all the other units to which it has positively weighted connections. Slide 17
18 Comparisons b/n Information-Processing Model and PDP With information-processing, cognition is assumed to occur serially in discrete stages (one after the other). In contrast, connectionist models assume parallel processing (many at the same time). For the parallel-distributed processing, learning occurs when new connective patterns are established that change the weights of connections between units. In contrast, the information processing approach assumes permanent change in behaviour and consolidation in the memory systems, especially in the LTM. Slide 18
19 Topic Three ECOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY PARADIGMS Slide 19
20 Ecological Paradigm The third major approach comes from both psychologists and anthropologists and their beliefs in many ways are at variance with those in info-processing and the connectionist views. The idea is that cognition does not occur in isolation from larger cultural context. All cognitive activities are shaped by the culture and the context in which they occur. Culture forms the bedrock of our cognition and influences the ways in which cognitive activities are acquired, practised and executed. This approach was largely influenced by the functionalist school, in that they were more concerned about the purpose or function served by a given cognitive process. Slide 20
21 The approach was influenced by the Gestalt school, because the approach emphasises the context surrounding any experience. This tradition relies less on laboratory or computer simulations and more on natural observation and field studies to explore cognition. The basic aim of the ecological approach is to look at function of particular cognitive activity. Slide 21
22 Evolutionary Paradigm Evolutionary psychologists believe that we understand a system best if we understand the evolutionary pressures on our ancestors. The theory emphasises development of cognitive skills or abilities through interaction of culture and evolutionary process shaped by natural selection (survival of the fitters). Human mind is a biological system that is assumed to have evolved over several generations and subject to the laws of natural selection. Therefore due to evolutionary pressures, humans adapted in certain ways in response to the environment encountered by our predecessors. Slide 22
23 Example. In spatial cognition, males perform better than females. How is this spatial skill difference explained by evolutionary psychologists? According to Geary (1995), spatial sex differences occurred for two reasons. First, Intramale Competition (e.g., polygamy, hunting, warfare) was a source of sex differences in spatial ability. Males had to travel far to ambush and capture other males and mate their wives leading to the survival of the offspring of skilled rather than the less skilled hunters. Slide 23
24 Second, the greater mobility of males created greater selection pressures for navigational skills. (e.g., timing and hitting targets, orientation to objects, skills need for habitat navigation and understanding of geometric shapes among objects). Women were virtually excluded from all these activities and that led to spatial skill development in males more than females. Interesting, but the theory has been criticised as speculative (the theory doesn t take into account modern technological developments that do not require specializations based on sex categories). Slide 24
25 Topic Three RESEARCH METHODS IN COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Slide 25
26 We now discuss the major methodological approaches to cognitive psychology. Have in mind that the choice of a particular choice is determined largely by the logic of the method in answering the research questions and the type of data generated. Naturalistic Observation Naturalistic observation involves the researcher watching people in familiar, everyday contexts who are going about their cognitive activities. For example, an investigator might watch people as they try to figure out how to operate a new automated teller machine (ATM) at the Bank. Usually, the observer tries to remain as unobtrusive as possible. Slide 26
27 Observational studies have the advantage that the things studied really do occur in the real world and not just in an experimental laboratory or a laboratory curiosity. One important property of these studies is called ecological validity the principle that the research must resemble the situations and task demands that are characteristic of the real world rather than rely on artificial laboratory. In observational studies therefore, the observer has the chance to see just how cognitive processes work in natural settings and how they are affected by environmental changes. Slide 27
28 There are several disadvantages with this method. One disadvantage is lack of experimental control. That is, the observer has no means of isolating the causes of different behaviors or reactions. All he does is to try to collect observations and tries to discover relationships among variables The observer has no way of verifying plausible different hypothesis. Another problem in this method is that the observer s recordings are as good as his initial plan of what he wants to record. Another question is how can one know what people would have done had they not been observed. Slide 28
29 Introspection This special observation dates back to the laboratory of Wundt father of psychology. With this method, the observer observes his own mental processes. For example, participants may be asked to solve complicated mathematical problems without paper or pencil and to think aloud as they do so. One benefit of this method is that observing one s own reactions and behaviour might give one better insight into an experience and the factors that influenced, providing a richer, more complete picture than an outsider could observe. But observing yourself is a double-edged sword, since it has the tendency for you to be biased in regard to your own cognition. Slide 29
30 People observing their own mental processes may be concerned with their level of performance and may be motivated to distort their observations to make them feel good or credible Furthermore, in some cognitive tasks (demanding ones) observers may have few resources left with which to observe and record. Slide 30
31 Controlled Observation and Clinical Interviews With this method, the researcher may have some influence over the setting in which observations are conducted. Researchers using this research method try to standardize the setting for all participants or manipulating specific conditions to see how the participant will be affected. For example in using the ATM example, the researcher may arrange for the ATM to display different instructions to different people. Such a study would still be observational because the researcher cannot control who will use the machine when and how. Slide 31
32 Clinical Interviews Clinical Interviews In this research, the investigator asks each participant a series of open-ended questions. That is, the investigator directs the questions in contrast with the free method used in introspection. In clinical interviews, the follow-up questions from the researcher depend on the responses from the respondent. This helps the researcher to follow the line of thinking of the participant. Slide 32
33 Experiments and Quasi-experiments Experiments and Quasi-experiments One important distinction between experiments and observational methods is the investigator s degree of experimental control. Having control means that the experimenter can assign participants to different experimental conditions at random so as to minimize pre-existing differences between them. True Experiments In conducting a true experiment, the experimenter manipulates one or more independent variables (the experimental conditions) and observes how the recorded measures (dependent variables) change as a result of the manipulation. Some independent variables preclude random assignment. Slide 33
34 Experiments and Quasi-experiments are useful because they allow researchers to isolate causal factors and make better-supported claims about cause and effect relationships than when they use observational methods. One serious drawback of the experimental method is that it fails to fully capture real-world phenomena in the experimental task or research design. The extent to which we can generalize from experimental research is therefore limited. Slide 34
35 Neuropsychological Investigations Much of the work done in neuropsychology involves examining the brains of people. Cognitive neuropsychology is the study of cognitive deficits in certain brain-damaged individuals. Before the latter half of the last century, this kind of examination could be conducted only after a patient died, during an autopsy. Slide 35
36 This has dramatically changed since the 1970s, and various techniques of brain imaging have been developed to construct pictures of the anatomy and functioning of intact brains. For example, X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computerized axial tomography scans (CAT Scans) are used to scan brain structures. The CAT for example can be used to pinpoint areas of brain damage and make inferences about the relative duration of the injury. Slide 36
37 There is yet another method used to detect different state of consciousness and that is the Electroencephalography (EEG). Researchers or clinicians use this technique to measure electrical activities of the brain for example, brain activity like wakefulness, drowsiness, coma etc). While former provide information about neuroanatomy, the latter (electroencephalography) provide information about brain activity. Slide 37
38 Cognitive neuropsychologists use these techniques to identify individuals with certain patterns of brain damage and examine their cognitive performance. For example, what cognitive processes can these individuals no longer perform? What activities are spared? By finding answers to these, some individuals may be helped and also help us to understand how our cognitive works. Slide 38
39 Sample Questions Compare and contrast the four major paradigms of cognitive psychology discussed in this section. Evaluate the speculations offered by evolutionary psychologists in explaining cognition. Compare and contrast the various research methods used by cognitive psychologists in conducting research. Slide 39
40 References Geary, D. C. (1995). Sexual selection and sex differences in spatial cognition. Learning and Individual Differences, 4, Slide 40
41 THANK YOU Slide 41
Lecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept. of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information:
Lecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept. of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information: bamponsah@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing and Distance Education 2014/2015 2016/2017 Session Overview
More informationPSYC 441 Cognitive Psychology II
PSYC 441 Cognitive Psychology II Session 4 Background of Object Recognition Lecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept., of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information: bamponsah@ug.edu.gh College of Education
More informationLecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept. of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information:
WORKING MEMORY Lecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept. of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information: bamponsah@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing and Distance Education 2014/2015 2016/2017
More informationLecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept. of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information:
EVALUATION OF THE MODAL MODEL OF MEMORY Lecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept. of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information: bamponsah@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing and Distance Education
More informationLecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept. of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information:
Lecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept. of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information: bamponsah@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing and Distance Education 2014/2015 2016/2017 Session Overview
More informationPSYC 441 Cognitive Psychology II
PSYC 441 Cognitive Psychology II Session 6 Psychophysics Lecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept., of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information: bamponsah@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing
More informationSTRUCTURAL ACCOUNTS OF MEMORY
STRUCTURAL ACCOUNTS OF MEMORY Lecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept. of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information: bamponsah@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing and Distance Education 2014/2015
More informationPSYC 441 Cognitive Psychology II
PSYC 441 Cognitive Psychology II Session 1 Brief History of Cognitive Psychology Lecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept., of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information: bamponsah@ug.edu.gh College of Education
More informationSeveral cognitive processes occur simultaneously or very close in time o Impossible to specify which process
Chapter 1 Plato Attention: mental focus on stimulus Perception: interpreting sensory information Pattern Recognition: classifying stimulus into a category Memory: storage facilities and retrieval of conigition
More informationPSYC 441 Cognitive Psychology II
PSYC 441 Cognitive Psychology II Session 5 Theories of Perception Lecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept., of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information: bamponsah@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of
More informationChapter 1: Cognitive Psychology. Influences: Early. Influences: Structuralism. Introduction. Method 1/1/2015. Concerned with What/How Wilhelm Wundt
Chapter 1: Cognitive Psychology History, Methods, and Paradigms 1 Introduction Structuralism Behaviorism Individual Differences Influences Early Functionalism Gestalt Cognitive Revolution History, Methods,
More informationPSYC 441 Cognitive Psychology II
PSYC 441 Cognitive Psychology II Session 8 Attention Lecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept., of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information: bamponsah@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing
More informationMethods for Seeing the Brain (http://www.pbs.org/wnet/brain/scanning/)
Mind-Brain There are 2 broad approaches to connecting brain and cognitive activity: 1. (modern) Imaging techniques 2. (classic) Patients with brain trauma H. Jackson, A.R. Luria, O. Sacks Methods for Seeing
More informationPSY111 Notes. For Session 3, Carrington Melbourne. C. Melbourne PSY111 Session 3,
PSY111 Notes For Session 3, 2015. Carrington Melbourne C. Melbourne PSY111 Session 3, 2015 1 Psychology111: Week 1 Psychology is the scientific investigation of mental processes and behaviour. It understands
More informationThe Cognitive Approach
WJEC Psychology A-level The Cognitive Approach Notes Part 1 An Introduction to The Cognitive Approach A01 Introduction and Assumptions: Assumes that the scientific and objective study of internal mental
More informationPSYC 221 Introduction to General Psychology
PSYC 221 Introduction to General Psychology Session 1 Definitions, perspectives and research methods in psychology Lecturer: Dr. Joana Salifu Yendork, Psychology Department Contact Information: jyendork@ug.edu.gh
More informationPsych 1Chapter 2 Overview
Psych 1Chapter 2 Overview After studying this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions: 1) What are five characteristics of an ideal scientist? 2) What are the defining elements of
More informationMSc Neuroimaging for Clinical & Cognitive Neuroscience
MSc Neuroimaging for Clinical & Cognitive Neuroscience School of Psychological Sciences Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences Module Information *Please note that this is a sample guide to modules. The exact
More informationPOLI 343 Introduction to Political Research
POLI 343 Introduction to Political Research Session 5: Theory in the Research Process, Concepts, Laws and Paradigms Lecturer: Prof. A. Essuman-Johnson, Dept. of Political Science Contact Information: aessuman-johnson@ug.edu.gh
More informationPsychologists who map the brain s fissures (grooves on the brain which appear as a deep fold) and inner recesses
Also called psychobiologists Psychologists who map the brain s fissures (grooves on the brain which appear as a deep fold) and inner recesses Methods include: 1) Recording 2) Stimulating 3) Lesioning 4)
More informationISC- GRADE XI HUMANITIES ( ) PSYCHOLOGY. Chapter 2- Methods of Psychology
ISC- GRADE XI HUMANITIES (2018-19) PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 2- Methods of Psychology OUTLINE OF THE CHAPTER (i) Scientific Methods in Psychology -observation, case study, surveys, psychological tests, experimentation
More informationMinds or Machines. John Beloff (1988) Intro to Philosophy Professor Douglas Olena
Minds or Machines John Beloff (1988) Intro to Philosophy Professor Douglas Olena The Computational Metaphor 415 The Strong Claim is the claim put forward by some proponents of artificial intelligence that
More informationPS3021, PS3022, PS4040
School of Psychology Important Degree Information: B.Sc./M.A. Honours The general requirements are 480 credits over a period of normally 4 years (and not more than 5 years) or part-time equivalent; the
More informationLecture 9: Lab in Human Cognition. Todd M. Gureckis Department of Psychology New York University
Lecture 9: Lab in Human Cognition Todd M. Gureckis Department of Psychology New York University 1 Agenda for Today Discuss writing for lab 2 Discuss lab 1 grades and feedback Background on lab 3 (rest
More informationWhat is Psychology? chapter 1
What is Psychology? chapter 1 Overview! The science of psychology! What psychologists do! Critical and scientific thinking! Correlational studies! The experiment! Evaluating findings What is psychology?
More informationChapter 1 Introduction to Psychology
Chapter 1 Introduction to Psychology Main Idea Through the study of human and animal behavior, people can discover psychological principles that have the potential to enrich the lives of humans. Objectives
More informationModels of Information Retrieval
Models of Information Retrieval Introduction By information behaviour is meant those activities a person may engage in when identifying their own needs for information, searching for such information in
More informationDr. Braj Bhushan, Dept. of HSS, IIT Guwahati, INDIA
1 Cognition The word Cognitive or Cognition has been derived from Latin word cognoscere meaning to know or have knowledge of. Although Psychology has existed over past 100 years as an independent discipline,
More informationComputational Perception and Cognition
Computational Perception and Cognition ELL788 [Slides by Santanu Chaudhury, Hiranmay Ghosh, and Sumeet Agarwal] [Material sourced from Friedenberg and Silverman, 2006] Introduction: Philosophical & Psychological
More informationSOCI 222 Comparative Social Institutions
SOCI 222 Comparative Social Institutions Session 2 Sociological Perspectives on the Social Institutions Lecturer: Dr. Rosemond Akpene Hiadzi Contact Information: rhiadzi@ug.edu.gh College of Education
More informationPrincipals of Object Perception
Principals of Object Perception Elizabeth S. Spelke COGNITIVE SCIENCE 14, 29-56 (1990) Cornell University Summary Infants perceive object by analyzing tree-dimensional surface arrangements and motions.
More informationIntroducing Psychology $
Introducing Psychology $ INFLUENTIAL FIGURES IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY The formal study of Psychology dates from the late 1880s. The first proper Psychologists were Wilhelm Wundt, William James and
More informationLite Regal 2 Week to 4 Week Summer Psychology Course PSY201 in London and Cambridge
Lite Regal 2 Week to 4 Week Summer Psychology Course PSY201 in London and Cambridge Credits : 3.5 (Please Ensure acceptance by Students College) Summer Course : Introduction to Psychology Psychology Level
More informationAudio: In this lecture we are going to address psychology as a science. Slide #2
Psychology 312: Lecture 2 Psychology as a Science Slide #1 Psychology As A Science In this lecture we are going to address psychology as a science. Slide #2 Outline Psychology is an empirical science.
More informationMSc Psychological Research Methods/ MPsych Advanced Psychology Module Catalogue / 2018
MSc Psychological Research Methods/ MPsych Advanced Psychology Module Catalogue - 2017 / 2018 PSY555: Communication of Research for Psychology (Semester 2) 10 credits core PRM, option MPsych This module
More informationin Cognitive Neuroscience
Finish: History of Cognitive Psychology Then: Physiological Measures. in Cognitive Neuroscience Psychology 355: Cognitive Psychology Instructor: John Miyamoto 03/29/2018: Lecture 01-4 Note: This Powerpoint
More informationIntroduction and Historical Background. August 22, 2007
1 Cognitive Bases of Behavior Introduction and Historical Background August 22, 2007 2 Cognitive Psychology Concerned with full range of psychological processes from sensation to knowledge representation
More informationInferences: What inferences about the hypotheses and questions can be made based on the results?
QALMRI INSTRUCTIONS QALMRI is an acronym that stands for: Question: (a) What was the broad question being asked by this research project? (b) What was the specific question being asked by this research
More informationPYSC 333 Psychology of Personality
PYSC 333 Psychology of Personality Session 5 Humanistic Theory of Personality- Part 1 Lecturer:, Dept. of Psychology Contact Information: mamankwah-poku@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing
More informationWeek 1 2 Quiz. Question 1 Correct Marked out of Flag question Question text. Question 2 Correct Marked out of Flag question Question text
Week 1 2 Quiz Question 1 Through their research on human responses to physical stimuli, both Helmholtz and Fechner contributed to the beginning of a. science. b. materialism. c. comparative psychology.
More informationSOCI 323 Social Psychology
SOCI 323 Social Psychology Session 3 Doing Research In Social Psychology- Part Two Lecturer: Dr. Peace Mamle Tetteh, Department of Sociology Contact Information: ptetteh@ug.edu.gh College of Education
More informationCognitive Neuroscience History of Neural Networks in Artificial Intelligence The concept of neural network in artificial intelligence
Cognitive Neuroscience History of Neural Networks in Artificial Intelligence The concept of neural network in artificial intelligence To understand the network paradigm also requires examining the history
More informationPSYC PSYCHOLOGY. PSYC Psychology 1. PSYC 223 Developmental Psychology
PSYC Psychology 1 PSYC PSYCHOLOGY PSYC 100 Applied Introductory Psychology This course provides an introduction to the field of psychology and to the application of psychological concepts and methods.
More informationResearch Methodology in Social Sciences. by Dr. Rina Astini
Research Methodology in Social Sciences by Dr. Rina Astini Email : rina_astini@mercubuana.ac.id What is Research? Re ---------------- Search Re means (once more, afresh, anew) or (back; with return to
More informationWays to Study Brain Structures and Functioning. Can physically trace connections. Ablation. Is the most primitive Can be done with any structures
Ways to Study Brain Structures and Functioning Can physically trace connections Is the most primitive Can be done with any structures Ablation Can remove a piece of the brain and see what happens If the
More informationChapter 8: Visual Imagery & Spatial Cognition
1 Chapter 8: Visual Imagery & Spatial Cognition Intro Memory Empirical Studies Interf MR Scan LTM Codes DCT Imagery & Spatial Cognition Rel Org Principles ImplEnc SpatEq Neuro Imaging Critique StruEq Prop
More informationChapter 2 Test. 1. Evolutionary structures within the are the most primitive. *a. hindbrain b. thalamus c. forebrain d. midbrain e.
Cognitive Psychology In and Out of the Laboratory 5th Edition Galotti TEST BANK Full clear download (no formatting errors) at: https://testbankreal.com/download/cognitive-psychology-laboratory-5thedition-galotti-test-bank/
More information2 Critical thinking guidelines
What makes psychological research scientific? Precision How psychologists do research? Skepticism Reliance on empirical evidence Willingness to make risky predictions Openness Precision Begin with a Theory
More informationSample Copyright. Academic Group SELF 1 2. Syllabus Checklist. On completion of this chapter you should be able to understand:
SELF 1 2 Syllabus Checklist On completion of this chapter you should be able to understand: 2.1 Biological influences/bases of behaviour functions of the major parts of the brain hindbrain midbrain forebrain
More informationPsychology can provide insight into behavior and give one the chance to acquire practical information Psychology scientific study of behavior, mental
Psychology can provide insight into behavior and give one the chance to acquire practical information Psychology scientific study of behavior, mental processes; tested via scientific research Psychologists
More informationChapter 6 Section 1. The Nervous System: The Basic Structure
Chapter 6 Section 1 The Nervous System: The Basic Structure Essential Question: How does studying the biology of the brain give us an understanding of our behavior? Draw or type 2 things you already know
More informationCHAPTER 1. Introduction & Research Methods. Lecture Overview
Introduction & Research Methods CHAPTER 1 Lecture Overview Introducing Psychology Origins of Psychology The Science of Psychology Research Methods Getting the Most from Your Study of Psychology Introducing
More informationThe Nature of Behavior. By: Joe, Stephen, and Elisha
The Nature of Behavior By: Joe, Stephen, and Elisha Genes- The Fundamentals Biology and its affects on us is most easily understood through starting small, molecular even, and working upwards until a whole
More informationHealth Psychology and Medical Communication. 1.Health Psychology: a domain of interference between Medicine and Psychosocial Sciences
Health Psychology and Medical Communication 1.Health Psychology: a domain of interference between Medicine and Psychosocial Sciences 1 Fields of Medical Psychology Health Psychology Psychological mechanisms
More informationSupplementary notes for lecture 8: Computational modeling of cognitive development
Supplementary notes for lecture 8: Computational modeling of cognitive development Slide 1 Why computational modeling is important for studying cognitive development. Let s think about how to study the
More informationOVERVIEW OF RESEARCH METHODS II. Lecturer: Dr. Paul Narh Doku Contact: Department of Psychology, University of Ghana
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH METHODS II Lecturer: Dr. Paul Narh Doku Contact: pndoku@ug.edu.gh Department of Psychology, University of Ghana Session Overview This session will present an overview of several non-experimental
More informationNon-Invasive Techniques
Non-Invasive Techniques Key: Does not hurt the organism Psychology 372 Physiological Psychology Steven E. Meier, Ph.D. Listen to the audio lecture while viewing these slides or view the video presentation
More informationNon-Invasive Techniques
Many Procedures Non-Invasive Techniques Key: Does not hurt the organism Psychology 372 Physiological Psychology Steven E. Meier, Ph.D. Listen to the audio lecture while viewing these slides or view the
More informationPsychology as a Science of Design in Engineering
Proceedings of the British Psychological Society (vol. 7, No. 2) and the Bulletin of the Scottish Branch of the British Psychological Society in 1999. Psychology as a Science of Design in Engineering Patrik
More informationPsychology 101 Exam 1 Fall 2000 Name
Psychology 101 Exam 1 Fall 2000 Name 1. Psychology is defined as: a. the scientific investigation of thought processes b. the understanding of abnormal behavior c. the scientific study of behavior and
More informationIntroduction to NLP. Dr Alan Jones PhD. Inspire NLP 2016
Introduction to NLP Dr Alan Jones PhD Inspire NLP 2016 alanjonesnlp@gmail.com The four minute rule You never get a second chance to make a first impression Making your mind-up FIRST IMPRESSIONS less than
More informationAP Psychology Scoring Components Page(s)
Scoring Components SC1 The course provides instruction in history and approaches. 5 SC2 The course provides instruction in research methods used in psychological science, practice and ethics. 3 SC3 The
More informationPSYC 221 Introduction to General Psychology
PSYC 221 Introduction to General Psychology Session 13 Summary Lecturer: Dr. Joana Salifu Yendork, Psychology Department Contact Information: jyendork@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing
More informationTest Bank. Multiple Choice
Chapter 2: The Brain: An Overview of Structure and Function Test Bank Multiple Choice 1. Evolutionary structures within the are the most primitive. a. hindbrain b. thalamus c. forebrain d. midbrain Answer
More informationName: Date: Period: AP Psychology Chapter 1 Study Guide
Name: Date: Period: AP Psychology Chapter 1 Study Guide 1. What does Munchausen's syndrome involve? A psychological illness in which people fabricate or induce illness in themselves 2. What do the authors
More informationUNIVERSITY OF THESSALY. MSc Course PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT & EXERCISE INFORMATION ABOUT THE MODULE
UNIVERSITY OF THESSALY MSc Course PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT & EXERCISE INFORMATION ABOUT THE MODULE TITLE OF MODULE: Research Methods & Statistics CODE OF MODULE: A1 MODULE LEADER: Athanasios Papaioannou E-mail:
More informationFoundations of Individual Behavior
Robbins & Judge Organizational Behavior 13th Edition Foundations of Individual Behavior Bob Stretch Southwestern College 2-0 Chapter Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able
More informationHistory of Cognitive Psychology and its Relation to other Fields
History of Cognitive and its Relation to other Fields Lesson I: Introduction module 02 Introduction.02. 1 Precursors of modern cognitive psychology until 1950 Roots in philosophy Plato, Aristoteles, Descartes,
More informationHuman intuition is remarkably accurate and free from error.
Human intuition is remarkably accurate and free from error. 3 Most people seem to lack confidence in the accuracy of their beliefs. 4 Case studies are particularly useful because of the similarities we
More informationPYSC 333 Psychology of Personality
PYSC 333 Psychology of Personality Session 8.2 Personality Assessment Part 2 Lecturer:, Dept. of Psychology Contact Information: mamankwah-poku@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing and Distance
More informationEvolutionary Psychology. by Elizabeth Anderson
Evolutionary Psychology by Elizabeth Anderson Questions! What, according to Evolutionary Psychologists, do humans look for in a mate?! How might rape be explained according to Evolutionary Psychology?
More informationPSYC3010 Advanced Statistics for Psychology
PSYC3010 Advanced Statistics for Psychology Unit of Study Code: PSYC3010 Coordinators: REGRESSION - SECTION 1 Dr Sabina Kleitman Office: BM441 Phone: 9351 7703 E- mail: sabina.kleitman@sydney.edu.au ANOVA
More informationChapter 5 The Research Methods of Biopsychology
Chapter 5 The Research Methods of Biopsychology Understanding What Biopsychologists Do This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any
More informationPsychology (PSYC) Psychology (PSYC) 1
Psychology (PSYC) 1 Psychology (PSYC) PSYC 111. Introduction to Psychology. 3 Credits. Survey of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. PSYC 189. Skills for Academic Success. 1 Credit.
More informationCOGNITIVE SCIENCE 17. Peeking Inside The Head. Part 1. Jaime A. Pineda, Ph.D.
COGNITIVE SCIENCE 17 Peeking Inside The Head Part 1 Jaime A. Pineda, Ph.D. Imaging The Living Brain! Computed Tomography (CT)! Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)! Positron Emission Tomography (PET)! Functional
More informationWhy do Psychologists Perform Research?
PSY 102 1 PSY 102 Understanding and Thinking Critically About Psychological Research Thinking critically about research means knowing the right questions to ask to assess the validity or accuracy of a
More informationThe Contribution of Neuroscience to Understanding Human Behaviour
The Contribution of Neuroscience to Understanding Human Behaviour Gail Tripp Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Promotion Corporation Okinawa Japan Today
More informationCognitive Psychology. Robert J. Sternberg EDITION. Yak University THOIVISOISI * WADSWORTH
EDITION Cognitive Psychology Robert J. Sternberg Yak University THOIVISOISI * WADSWORTH Australia Canada Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States C H A P T E R 1 Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
More informationDBQ Initial Evaluation of Residuals of Traumatic Brain Injury (I-TBI) Disability
DBQ Initial Evaluation of Residuals of Traumatic Brain Injury (I-TBI) Disability Name of patient/veteran: SSN: SECTION I 1. Diagnosis Does the Veteran now have or has he/she ever had a traumatic brain
More informationCOGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
HOW TO STUDY MORE EFFECTIVELY (P 187-189) Elaborate Think about the meaning of the information that you are learning Relate to what you already know Associate: link information together Generate and test
More informationBiomedical Imaging: Course syllabus
Biomedical Imaging: Course syllabus Dr. Felipe Orihuela Espina Term: Spring 2015 Table of Contents Description... 1 Objectives... 1 Skills and Abilities... 2 Notes... 2 Prerequisites... 2 Evaluation and
More informationPsychology Unit 1 Test
1 Psychology Unit 1 Test Choose the best answer. (2 pts each). 1. Of the following, who is a humanistic psychologist? a. Sigmund Freud b. Abraham Maslow c. B. F. Skinner d. John Watson 2. I am primarily
More informationKey Ideas. Explain how science is different from other forms of human endeavor. Identify the steps that make up scientific methods.
Key Ideas Explain how science is different from other forms of human endeavor. Identify the steps that make up scientific methods. Analyze how scientific thought changes as new information is collected.
More information1.1 FEATURES OF THOUGHT
SEC 1 Page 1 of 7 1.1 FEATURES OF THOUGHT Thought can refer to the ideas or arrangements of ideas that result from thinking, the act of producing thoughts, or the process of producing thoughts. Despite
More informationPYSC 224 Introduction to Experimental Psychology
PYSC 224 Introduction to Experimental Psychology Session 4 Variables and terms in Experimentation Part 1 & 2 Lecturer: Dr. Margaret Amankwah-Poku, Dept. of Psychology Contact Information: mamankwah-poku@ug.edu.gh
More informationPSYC 335 Developmental Psychology I
PSYC 335 Developmental Psychology I Session 2 Research methods and ethical issues in Developmental Psychology Lecturer: Dr. Joana Salifu Yendork Department of Psychology Contact Information: jyendork@ug.edu.gh
More informationDesigning Experiments... Or how many times and ways can I screw that up?!?
www.geo.uzh.ch/microsite/icacogvis/ Designing Experiments... Or how many times and ways can I screw that up?!? Amy L. Griffin AutoCarto 2012, Columbus, OH Outline When do I need to run an experiment and
More informationThe implications of processing event sequences for theories of analogical reasoning
w Memory & Cognition 1979, Vol. 7 (4), 323-331 The implications of processing event sequences for theories of analogical reasoning SUSAN E. WHITELY and G. MICHAEL BARNES University of Kansas, Lawrence,
More informationINTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY SUMMARY 1 ABDULLAH ALZIBDEH Introduction In this lecture, we discuss the definitions of psychology and behavior. We also discuss the approaches in psychology and the scientific
More informationChapter 2 Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research
Chapter 2 Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research Methodology Social Psychology: An Empirical Science Empirical research allows us to test the validity of personal observations and folk wisdom.
More informationBrain and Behavior Lecture 13
Brain and Behavior Lecture 13 Technology has improved our ability to know how the brain works. Case Study (Phineas Gage) Gage was a railroad construction foreman. An 1848 explosion forced a steel rod through
More informationPut simply. The ideas that influenced ACT. In a nutshell. Situating ACT in the cognitive behavioural tradition. ACT & CBT: many points of convergence
Situating ACT in the cognitive behavioural tradition Where is ACT from? What sort of model of CBT is it? Eric Morris South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Put simply ACT is acbt, albeit from a radical
More informationDr. Ray s Psychology 101. Review Session I. by TA Xiangmin Xu
Dr. Ray s Psychology 101 Review Session I by TA Xiangmin Xu 4:30 p.m. Feb. 02, 2000 Review Session Review class lectures and textbook material I won t talk about the assigned videos Time for questions
More informationLivingston American School Quarterly Lesson Plan
Livingston American School Quarterly Lesson Plan Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Concept / Topic To Teach: VISION & HEARING OTHER IMPORTANT SENSES & PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION Standards Addressed: PERCEPTUAL
More informationTheory and Methods Question Bank
Theory and Methods Question Bank Theory and Methods is examined in both the AS and the A Level. The AS questions focus mostly on research methods and at A Level include sociological debates, perspectives
More informationPerceptual Knowledge: Lecture #2 Space Objects
Foundations Of Mind Perceptual Knowledge: Lecture #2 Space Objects Slide# 1 Space Perception is Hard We perceive a stable, continuous, 3D spatial layout Perception seems immediate, effortless & nearly
More informationReview Evaluation of Residuals of Traumatic Brain Injury (R-TBI) Disability Benefits Questionnaire * Internal VA or DoD Use Only*
Review Evaluation of Residuals of Traumatic Brain Injury (R-TBI) Disability Benefits Questionnaire * Internal VA or DoD Use Only* Name of patient/veteran: SSN: Your patient is applying to the U. S. Department
More informationSchools of Psychology
Schools of Psychology Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. "I am primarily interested in thinking processes; I am a psychologist."
More informationThe Biological Level of Analysis: Studying the Brain
The Biological Level of Analysis: Studying the Brain In the past the study of the brain was limited to people suffering from head injuries and the effects of accidental damage. It was only possible to
More information