Chapter 3 Pseudoscience, Science, and the Medical Model of Deviance

Transcription

1 Chapter 3 Pseudoscience, Science, and the Medical Model of Deviance Student Study Guide This Study guide is read along with the text in the book. Throughout this Chapter you should take notes and be able to answer several questions at the end of each point, which pertains to the material that you have just read. The Main ideas of the chapter are outlined below and follow the book accordingly. As you read the chapter focus on the definition of the bold terms, how they apply to the world, people that are involved with discovery or creation, and give examples of the term or idea that you encounter throughout this outline. This outline will guide you to the main ideas and objectives of each chapter. Taking notes in class from the PowerPoints and reading the chapters gives each student the best possibility to complete the study guide and do well in the class. : After reading this chapter students will be able to: 1. List and explain some of the popular notions used to explain deviance. 2. Trace the evolution of explanations of deviant behavior from pseudoscience and demonic possession to the development of positivism which sought to link deviance to biological and genetic causes. 3. Explain the medical model of deviance and how it led to the medicalization of deviance. 4. Discuss the link between violence and aggression.

2 5. Explain the popularity of violence in various forms of media and the potential influence of media on violent and aggressive forms of deviance. 1. Pseudoscience, science, and the medical model of deviance A. Salem girls B. Demonology a. Other cultures C. Media sensation a. 1980s and 1990s, movies and TV shows 1. List and explain some of the popular notions used to explain deviance. 2. What is the significance of the Salem witch trials in the US and what can we learn about how human behavior was described and diagnosed in the past? 2. Morality, immorality, and deviance A. Morality B. Immorality Act of God C. Moral differentiation Moral panics, moral entrepreneurs D. Science

3 1. Explain morality and immorality and give an example of each. 2. What is a moral panic and how do moral entrepreneurs play a role in developing moral panics. 3. Science, pseudoscience, and the medical model of deviance A. Positivism Age of reasoning B. Sociology Auguste Comte C. Medical model 1. Define positivism and why was the time period significant to the founding of positivism. 2. How did Auguste Comte help pioneer the field of sociology and what did he believe about science and human behavior? 3. Positivism and early biological/physiological theories of deviance A. Biology and medicine B. Phrenology a. Franz Joseph Gall C. Pseudoscience

4 a. Gall and Lombroso i. Criminology ii. Atavism D. Free will self-determination c. William Sheldon and juvenile boys i. Endomorph. ii. Ectomorph. iii. Mesomorph. d. Super male theory E. Sociobiology a. ADD and ADHD 1. Explain phrenology and how Gall attempted to study human behavior. Was his work creditable? 2. Explain atavism and how Lombroso is known as the founder of criminology. Was his work creditable? 3. Explain Sheldon s work on juvenile boys and give an example of endomorph, ectomorph, and mesomorph.

5 5. The medical model of deviance A. Crime is like cancer 1. How is crime cancerous and find 3 examples in society of crime being described as a disease. 6. The medicalization of deviance A. Medicalization B. Sick and deviance being synonyms C. Deviant behavior is being medicalized i. Alcoholism 1. Is being deviant the same as being sick? Why are the words interchangeable in society? 2. If behaviors like alcoholism, drug abuse, and obesity are becoming medicalized, does it give or take more responsibility away from the individual. Explain why you believe it is or isn t and what do you think about it.

6 7. Blame it on the media A. Humans look to the media to help define deviance a. Guttenberg s printing press B. Pornography 8. Television, movies, video games, and deviance A. Growing role a. Carrying out those or similar deviant behaviors in real life. 9. Media violence, aggression, and deviant behavior a. Bobo doll Study 10. The internet and the power of social media A. News travels faster today than ever before a. News of Lincoln's assassination took weeks and months B. Social media

7 a. People videoing shootings b. Deviance thrives in the media and media thrives on deviance 1. Discuss the link between violence and aggression. 2. Explain the Bobo doll study and what was discovered about violence and aggression. 3. Explain the popularity of violence in various forms of media and the potential influence of media on violent and aggressive forms of deviance. 4. Why does the media play such an important role and why do humans use the media to help define deviance. Chapter 3 Key Terms and Concepts atavism. a biological throwback to a more savage, earlier phase of human evolution criminology. the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior demonology. the systematic study of the belief in demons or super humans that are not considered to be deities free will. self-determination medicalization. occurs when human behaviors, activities, and events that previously were considered to be non-medical, become defined as health or disease related conditions medical model. compares deviance to illness or disease moral differentiation. the ability to promote some selected norms and values over others

8 pathological. irrational, unreasonable, or sick phrenology. a system for studying the shape, bumps, and indentations of the skull in order to determine the cerebral functions that govern human behavior pornography. is usually defined as explicit materials intended solely for sexual arousal positivism. a philosophy of science based on the assumption that true knowledge requires positive verification pseudoscience. a claim or belief system that is presented as scientific, but lacks the rigor of reliability, validity, and testability demanded by adherence to the scientific method science. knowledge based on empirical evidence gained through direct, systematic observation sociobiology. a discipline that combines the scientific approaches of sociology and biology to combine the effects of nature and nurture in attempting to explain human behavior sociology. the scientific study of society, social groups, and human behavior