DEVIANT BEHAVIOR. John A. Humphrey. Saint Anselm College. ^^^ï REARSON. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Transcription

1 DEVIANT BEHAVIOR John A. Humphrey Saint Anselm College REARSON ^^^ï Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

2 Preface xiii Part One: An Overview of Deviant Behavior 1. Introduction to the Study of Deviant Behavior 2 The Definition of Deviant Behavior 3 Dimensions of Deviance 9 Functions of Deviant Behavior 13 Theme of the Book 16 Book Overview 18 Chapter Summary 19 Key Concepts 20 Critical Thinking Questions Theories of Individual Forms of Deviant Behavior 22 What Is a Theory? 24 Criteria for Evaluating a Theory 25 The Classical School 26 Societal Reaction/Labeling Perspective 28 Control Theory 30 New Theoretical Approaches 34 Chapter Summary 35 Key Names 36 Key Concepts 36 Critical Thinking Questions Theories of the Vdriations in Rates of Deviant Behavior 38 The Conflict Perspective 39 The Functionalist Perspective 44 Differential Association/Social Learning 52 Chapter Summary 57 Key Names 58 Key Concepts 58 Critical Thinking Questions 59 Part Two: Violent Forms of Deviant Behavior 4. Homicide 60 Introduction 62 Definition of Criminal Homicide 62 Definitions of Assault and Battery 63 VII

3 viii Homicide around the World 64 Patterns and Trends in Criminal Homicide 64 Homicide Rates by Size of Place 65 Structural Characteristics of Criminal Homicide 65 Special Populations 66 Homicide as a Situated Transaction 75 Victim-Precipitated Homicide 75 Theories of Criminal Homicide, Assault and Battery 76 Chapter Summary 83 Key Concepts 85 Critical Thinking Questions 86 Web Extra Domestic Violence 88 Introduction 90 Legal Definitions 90 Sociological Definitions 92 Extent and Nature of Domestic Violence 92 The Spillover Effect: The Link between Spousal Assault and Child Abuse 95 The Consequences of Domestic Violence 96 The Risk Factors for Domestic Violence 98 Why Do They Stay? 102 Corporal Punishment 103 Theories of Domestic Violence 105 Chapter Summary 114 Key Concepts 115 Critical Thinking Questions 116 Web Extra Suïcide and Life-Threatening Behaviors 118 Introduction 119 Medical/Legal Definitions of Suicide 120 Suicide around the World and in the United States 121 Special Populations 122 Precipitants of Suicide 125 Attempted Suicide 128 Psychiatrie Illness and Suicide 128 Risks for Suicide 129 Clues to Suicide 130 The Suicide Process 130 The Contagion of Suicide 131 Special Topics 131 Theories of Suicide 136 Chapter Summary 141 Key Concepts 142 Critical Thinking Questions 143 Web Extra 143

4 Part Three: Mental Illness, Addictive Behaviors, and Sexual Deviance 7. Mental Illness 144 Introduction 146 Nature of Mental Illness 146 Definition of Mental Illness 146 The Epidemiology of Mental Illness 154 Prevalence of Mental Disorders in the United States 154 Special Topics in Research 158 Theoretical Explanations of Mental Illness 162 Chapter Summary 164 Key Concepts 164 Critical Thinking Questions 165 Web Extra Alcohol Abuse 166 Introduction 167 Definitions 168 Alcohol Use around the World 169 Substance Use in the United States 171 Culture and Alcohol Use 172 Religion, Spirituality, and Substance Use 175 Special Populations 178 Explanations of Alcohol Abuse 181 Chapter Summary 183 Key Concepts 184 Critical Thinking Questions 184 Web Extra Illicit Drug Use 186 Introduction 188 Definitions 188 Illicit Drug Use around the World 189 Illicit Drug Use in the United States 189 Explanations of Illicit Drug Dependence 199 Chapter Summary 204 Key Concepts 204 Critical Thinking Questions 204 Web Extra Sexual Offending 206 Introduction 208 Definitions of Criminal Sexual Offending 208 Rates of Criminal Sexual Offending 214 Characteristics of Criminal Sexual Offending 215 Reporting Rape, Sexual Assault, and Child Sexual Abuse 219 Typology of Rapists 219 ix

5 Juvenile Sexual Offenders 221 Prostirution 221 Online Sexual Solicitation and Pornography of Youth 224 Consequences of Childhood Sexual Victimization 226 Explanations of Criminal Sexual Offending 227 Chapter Summary 232 Key Concepts 233 Critical Thinking Questions 234 Web Extra 235 Part Four: Property Offending 11. Property Crimes 236 Introduction 237 Legal Definitions 238 Property Crimes around the World 239 Rates in the United States 240 Victim-Off ender Relationship 242 Criminal Decision Making 244 Types of Thieves 247 Theoretical Explanations 250 Chapter Summary 255 Key Concepts 255 Critical Thinking Questions 256 Web Extra White-Collar and Organized Crime 258 Introduction 260 White-Collar, Corporate, and Government Crime 260 Theoretical Explanations 268 Chapter Summary 270 Key Concepts 270 Critical Thinking Questions 271 Web Extra Cyberdeviance 272 Introduction 274 Definition 274 Extent and Patterns 275 Types of Computer Crimes 275 Methods of Cyberdeviance 277 Typology of Cyberdeviants 279 Cyberdeviant Subculture 282 Ethics and the Cyberdeviant 284 Motives 284 Theories of Cyberdeviance 287

6 xi Chapter Summary 292 Key Concepts 293 Critical Thinking Questions 294 Web Extra 295 Part Five: Positive Deviance and Extreme Forms of Behavior 14. Positive Deviance 296 Introduction 297 Positive Deviance 298 Creative Process 300 Characteristics of Positive Deviants 306 Explanations of Positive Deviance 309 Chapter Summary 315 Key Concepts 316 Critical Thinking Questions 316 Web Extra Extreme Forms of Everyday Behaviors: Exercising, Working, and Web Surfing 318 Introduction 320 The Nature of Overwork 321 Computer Addiction 328 Extreme Sports 332 Theoretical Understanding of Extreme Forms of Everyday Behavior 335 Chapter Summary 339 Key Concepts 340 Critical Thinking Questions 341 Web Extra 341 Part Six: Deviance in the Twenty-First Century 16. Terrorism 342 Introduction 344 What Is Terrorism? 346 Terrorism and Crime 347 Official Definitions of Terrorism 347 Typology of Terrorism 351 Terrorist Organizational Structure 352 Terrorist Organizational Dynamics 353 Suicide Bombers 353 Terrorism: Psychopathology versus Rational Behavior 357 Motivations 357 Doctrine of Necessity 358

7 xii Cyberterrorism 358 Explanations of Terrorism 360 Chapter Summary 365 Key Concepts 365 Critical Thinking Questions 366 Web Extra 367 References Index