WHAT DOES SUPERVISION OF THOSE WHO OFFEND SEXUALLY LOOK LIKE? AN OVERVIEW FOR VICTIM ADVOCATES THURSDAY, JUNE 1, 2017, 2:00-3:30 PM ET

Transcription

1 WHAT DOES SUPERVISION OF THOSE WHO OFFEND SEXUALLY LOOK LIKE? AN OVERVIEW FOR VICTIM ADVOCATES THURSDAY, JUNE 1, 2017, 2:00-3:30 PM ET Center for Sex Offender Management

2 Welcome to Today s Webinar! For technical support, call: or conferencingcenter@level3.com. Use the chat box to the bottom left of the screen to type in questions or comments throughout the webinar. Please type in your name, agency and the number of people viewing this webinar with you. During the presentation, all phones will be muted. Please complete the brief survey at the end of the webinar.

3 Specialized Training and Technical Assistance to Enhance Probation Response to Sexual Assault This webinar is supported by Grant Number 2013-TA-AX-K034, awarded by the Office on Violence Against Women, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this workshop are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women.

4 Project Goal and Deliverables Goal: To promote well-informed, victim-sensitive probation responses to cases involving sexual assault by providing specialized assistance and support to probation agencies and officers responsible for supervising sex offenders. Deliverables: Conduct a needs assessment Create tools and resources: e-curriculum, resource package/toolkit Provide training and technical assistance to probation agencies and officers: on-site training, on- and off-site technical assistance, webinars

5 A Bit About Greg B.A. in Sociology & Political Science, MPA in Public Administration/Criminal Justice. Certified Computer Examiner (CCE)- ISCFE Over 30 Years as a Probation Officer in Colorado, both adult and juvenile probationers. Chief Probation Officer of the 20 th Judicial District, CO. Supervised the Sex Offender Team for 20 th Judicial District, CO and supervised hundreds of sex offenders Pioneered polygraph and specialized treatment of sex offenders in Colorado. Lead instructor on probation issues for ICAC Task Force. Has examined hundreds of sex offender s computers. Trainer EBP s/best Practices CSOM, CSC, APPA, NCJTC

6 A Comprehensive Approach to Sex Offender Management

7 What are the goals of sex offender management? What strategies are used, and why?

8 The Comprehensive Approach Investigation, Prosecution, and Disposition Registration and Notification Reentry Fundamental Principles Victim-centered Evidence-based Carried out by those with specialized knowledge Engaging of the public Collaborative Assessment Supervision Treatment CSOM, 2004

9 Comprehensive Approach to Sex Offender Management Victim Centered Recognizes multiple elements, components, goals, and interests of criminal justice system Based on research and best practices literature from the sex offender management field (Carter, Bumby, & Talbot, 2004)

10 Being Victim-Centered Victim Philosophy What s best for the victim/survivor? from pretrial to post-conviction through supervision Children need protection Adults need empowerment They need to be included at whatever level they want and to always be effectively represented

11 Victim Centeredness: Philosophy and Practice Moves beyond primarily offender-focused strategies Reflects a concurrent appreciation for victims needs, interests Recognizes potential that some sex offender management strategies inadvertently can negatively impact victims, families Appreciates need to engage victim advocates to help inform and examine policies, practices

12 Key Questions Considered in The Comprehensive Approach What do Survivors need? What should be done to manage sex offenders effectively? Who should be involved in sex offender management? How should we approach this work? Why should it be done this way?

13 Individuals who Commit Sex Offenses are a Diverse Population What they look like varies What they do varies Who they target varies Why they do it varies Their risk to recidivate varies

14 Not All Sex Offenders Are the Same Research demonstrates that there is no typical sex offender: sex offending crosses lines of race, gender, culture, age, SES, IQ, and other functional levels There are no personality or other characteristics that, if present, indicate a person is a sex offender Much like the general population, sex offenders are a heterogeneous group

15 Important Differences Include: Sexual interests and arousal patterns Victim preferences Range of offending behaviors Ability to manage impulses Attitudes towards deviant behavior Amenability to treatment Level of remorse, empathy Acceptance of responsibility Supervision and treatment needs Recidivism risk

16 What percentage of sex offenders do you believe is known to reoffend? d % c % b % a. 0-25% POLLING QUESTION

17 Detected Recidivism Rates by Subgroups 40% 5 years 10 years 15 years 30% Recidivism rate 20% 10% 0% Incest Extrafam-girls Rapists Extrafam-boys N = 4,724 (Harris & Hanson, 2004)

18 Risk Factors for Reoffending Two types (we will discuss in more detail later in the webinar) Static Generally historical, unchangeable Dynamic Stable slower to change Acute can change quickly

19 POLLING QUESTION Given the diversity of the sex offender population. what specific information is needed to make effective sentencing and supervision decisions? (Please enter responses in chat box)

20 What are the Goals of Supervision? No more victims Victim centered Reduce the risk for re-offense via Effective supervision (specialized training/smaller caseloads/paying attention to RNR) Solid validated assessments (Pay attention to risk/needs) Treatment for SO risk as well as other dynamic risk factors Appropriate advocacy Accountability

21 The Value of Assessments Help make sense of the diversity of sex offenders Can promote well-informed decisions system-wide Sentencing Treatment (e.g., type, targets, intensity, dosage, progress) Supervision (e.g., level, intensity, focus, compliance, violation responses) Release decision making Registration, notification

22 The Value of Assessments (cont.) Increase consistency, objectivity of case management decisions Maximize often limited resources Maximize outcomes Clinical impressions are less accurate that a flip of a coin

23 Overarching Framework RISK Who to Treat? Focus services on moderate to high risk individuals and provide more intensive services to higher risk individuals NEED What to Treat? Focus on changeable factors closely linked to offending RESPONSIVITY How to Treat? Offer services in a way that matches the individuals learning style and fosters a collaborative and allegiant therapeutic relationship

24 What information do you need in order to make informed sentencing and case management decisions in sex offense cases?

25 Needs at Sentencing, Disposition Specialized knowledge about sex offenders, victims Reliable investigations Law enforcement, social services/child welfare Comprehensive pre-sentence reports Victim impact statements Sentencing memoranda, both sides Confidence in post-sentencing, post-disposition management strategies Quality assessments by quality evaluators

26 Assessment Categories Risk assessments Initial criminal justice assessments Presentence investigations, predisposition reports Intake, classification assessments Clinical assessments Psychosexual Physiological Psychiatric Case management/supervision assessments

27 Advantages of Empirically-Validated Tools Structure Objectivity Consistency Grounded in sound evidence Reliability, accuracy

28 The Central 8 Criminogenic Needs History of antisocial behavior Antisocial attitudes, cognitions Problem-solving, self-regulation deficits Antisocial associates, peers Family, marital circumstances Low achievement, instability at school, work Poor use of leisure, recreation Substance abuse (see Andrews & Bonta, 2006)

29 Key Static Factors Affecting Recidivism Risk with Adult Sex Offenders Prior sex offenses Prior nonsex offenses Non-related victims Stranger victims Male victims (Hanson & Bussiere, 1998; Hanson & Morton-Bourgon, 2005)

30 Key Dynamic Factors Affecting Recidivism Risk with Adult Sex Offenders Deviant sexual interests, sexual preoccupations Intimacy deficits, conflicts Hostility Antisocial orientation, psychopathy Self-regulation deficits Employment instability (Hanson & Morton-Bourgon, 2005)

31 Purposes of Psychosexual Evaluations What should you be looking for at evaluation and beyond? Inform sentencing, disposition decisions Inform post-sentencing, post-disposition decisions Prison- or facility-based strategies Probation, parole supervision Community-based interventions

32

33 Promising Approaches to Sex Offender Sentencing and Management

34 Comprehensive Approach Victim Centeredness Collaboration Public Education Monitoring and Evaluation Carter, Bumby, and Talbot 2004 CSOM Comprehensive Approach Publication Specialized Knowledge and Training 2 R:

35 Evidence-Based Practices/Programs Not everything is an evidence based practice! Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Motivational Interviewing Stages of Change Criminogenic Needs RNR Intensive Supervision Probation with Therapeutic Components 35

36 Eight Guiding Principles for Risk / Recidivism Reduction ENGAGE ON-GOING SUPPORT IN COMM. MEASURE RELEVANT PRACTICES INCREASE POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT SKILL TRAIN WITH DIRECTED PRACTICE TARGET INTERVENTION ENHANCE INTRINSIC MOTIVATION MEASUREMENT FEEDBACK RISK/NEED: ASSESS ACTUARIAL RISK 7 R:

37 Placebo 15% Intervention Model 15% Relationship W/Professionals 30% Individual Client Features 40% Lambert, 2006 & Beutier et al.,2006

38 Supervision and Case Planning

39 WHAT DOES SUPERVISION LOOK LIKE AND DOES IT WORK?

40 Goals of Supervision with Sex Offenders Ensure community, victim safety Promote offender accountability, compliance Support meaningful change, success among offenders Risk management + Risk reduction

41 Supervision Orientation and Philosophies Surveillance, monitoring, enforcement Social casework

42 Current Trends: Specialization Specialized training Specialized caseloads Specialized assessments Specialized conditions/technology Specialized collaborations Victim advocates Sex offense-specific treatment providers Other professionals

43 Effective Supervision: Key Elements, Steps Strive to promote internal motivation Assess (or reassess) risk Establish supervision level, contacts, conditions based on identified risk level and risk factors Develop supervision plan Avoidance goals Approach goals

44 Elements of Effective Supervision (Continued) Monitor dynamic risk factors over time Conduct office, home, and other field visits Model, skill practice, reinforce Identify, engage community supports Collaborate with other key stakeholders Respond to non-compliance, violations

45 POLLING QUESTION Intensive supervision strategies are most effective with: A. All sex offenders B. Moderate to high risk sex offenders C. Low risk sex offenders

46 Diversity of the Population Warrants a Continuum of Supervision Low Moderate High Sex offenders assessed as lower risk, fewer intervention needs Sex offenders assessed as higher risk, greater intervention needs

47 Supervision Conditions Should be Imposed on a Case by Case Basis: Informed by Risk and Need No victim contact Supervised (or no) contact with minors Work expectations, restrictions Residence restrictions Driving and travel restrictions Restricted/approved recreational, leisure, volunteer activities Curfew Polygraph Restricted, monitored, prohibited Internet access Routine contact with officers Prohibitions from alcohol and drugs, drug testing Arousal monitoring GPS or electronic monitoring Participation in sex offensespecific treatment Participation in other riskreducing programs and services

48 Maximizing Supervision Outcomes: Apply the Core Evidence- Based Correctional Principles Target higher risk offenders for more intensive supervision strategies Provide longer periods of supervision for higher risk offenders than for lower risk offenders Focus programming referrals on higher risk offenders Ensure that dynamic risk factors are the focus (Lowenkamp, Pealer, Smith, & Latessa, 2006)

49 Wrong Focus We focus too much time on risk management Too little time on current risk reduction e.g., talking about criminogenic needs Telling them who to avoid not working on developing new social networks Need to look at the context of risk factors Quit job because not enough hours Friends are doing okay 17 R:

50 Impact of Evidence-Based Principles on Supervision Outcomes Increased recidivism 20% 10% 0% -10% Decreased recidivism -20% Adhered to 3-4 conditions Adhered to 1-2 conditions Adhered to none (Lowenkamp, Pealer, Smith, & Latessa, 2006)

51 Containment and Management Tools

52 Polygraph Questions Should Be: Behaviorally descriptive Simple and precise Absent of legal jargon or emotionally laden terms 24 R:

53 Safety Plans Purpose Reduce risk by carefully planning events, considering risk factors & identifying coping strategies Types General - ongoing (basic living requirements) Various activities - ongoing (leisure) Special event (e.g., vacation) For approved child contact Content Description of planned activity - including what, when, where, w/ whom ID possible risk factors & interventions Reviewed/approved by team prior to event (Vigil, 2007) 28 R:

54 Decision-Making Low Risk level High Risk for what behavior? Less serious Most serious When/How info discovered? Client offered New charges Vigil, R:

55 What is the offender capable of... realistically? Risk, Needs, Responsivity (RNR) 36 R:

56 A More Individualized, Strength-Based Promising Practice 22 R:

57 Good Lives/Self Regulation Model Most offenders are trying to get human needs met through offending. It is not that they have human needs it is that they are using sexual abuse to get those needs met. Identifying those needs and providing skills, strategies, support and accountability to address deficits, as well as opportunities to get needs met in ways that are incompatible with offending is the goal of this model. Roadmap to healthy nonoffending lifestyle. 23 R:

58 POLLING QUESTION Violations of supervision conditions should generally result in revocation (i.e., jail/prison placement). A. True B. False

59 Issues to Consider Before Revoking Learning Disabilities A.D.D. Developmental disabilities Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Other neurological issues Mental health issues What is Offender Capable of? (R/N/R) TBI 37 R:

60 39 R: Criteria for Incarceration Offender indicates unwillingness to comply with probation/treatment requirements High risk on SO validated risk assessments and risk cannot be reasonable mediated with supervision and treatment options available in a community based setting Sadistic practices High degree of psychopathy as measured by PCL-R (Vigil & Davies, 2000)

61 Criteria for Incarceration (cont d) Use of weapon Forcible rape Previous failure of offense-specific treatment No appropriate arousal/interest Offenders identified as high risk on validated sex offender risk assessment instruments (Vigil & Davies, 2000) 40 R:

62 Criteria for Probation Takes responsibility for offense Known sexual/violent offenses are lower level Risk assessment results indicate moderate or lower risk & support outpatient tx setting Evaluation indicates client is amenable to tx. Egodystonic offender Offender has ability for empathy Offender has some appropriate arousal/interest (Vigil & Davies, 2003) 41 R:

63 42 R: Technology s Role in Monitoring and Tracking Sex Offenders

64 Electronic Monitoring (Global Positioning) First used in New Mexico in ,000 supervisees in approximately three dozen states Rondinelli (1997) No statistically significant reduction in recidivism rates Bonta, Wallace-Capretta, and Rooney (2000) Ineffective if not combined with rehabilitative interventions Aos, Phipps, Barnoski, and Lieb (2001) 43 R:

65 Field Forensics and Monitoring Managing Internet Access and Usage 46 R:

66 Where Did Field Search Come From? For More Information: 49 R: Copyright 2009 by Jim Tanner, Ph.D. All rights reserved. Used with permission.

67 Management Software: Basic Approaches Filtering software System resident must be at computer to review (Spector ) s reports to you (E-Blaster ) Forced gateway Copyright 2009 by Jim Tanner, Ph.D. All rights reserved. Used with permission. 50 R:

68 Summary

69 Where Do They Go? Vast majority return some day Civil commitments Indeterminate sentencing Is this sustainable? Is this necessary? 53 R:

70 Examples of a Comprehensive Continuum of Services for Managing Sex Offenders Canada: Circles of Support and Accountability Colorado: Shared Living Arrangements (SLAs) Washington: Department of Corrections Housing High-Risk Sex Offenders: A Partnership for Community Safety Problem Solving Courts/Accountability Courts 56 R:

71 Conclusion We have a lot of work to do on developing a true victim centered philosophy Sex offenders are a heterogeneous population with diverse and levels of risk and need a one size fits all strategy to sex offender management will be ineffective. No single component of the comprehensive approach in and of itself is sufficient. The goal is to assess your system and work towards implementing as much of the comprehensive approach as possible. This takes time. A comprehensive approach to sex offender management requires consideration to all phases and components of the system, beginning at the point of victim disclosure. Effective sex offender management requires the interaction and integration of the various components. True collaboration creates a system that is seamless, comprehensive and one that has the greatest likelihood of achieving a true victim centered approach and preventing further victimizations.

72 Questions?

73 Final Webinar Promoting Victim-Centered Supervision: Practical Tips and Promising Examples Wednesday, July 12, 2017, 2:00-3:30 pm ET Presented by the Center for Sex Offender Management

74 Other Products, Resources Being Developed On-line curriculum System map Resource package/toolkit

75 Thank you! Please complete the brief survey/evaluation.