Dr. Judith Hays Wilkie, PACFA/CCAA conference: Spirituality Stream

Transcription

1 Dr. Judith Hays Wilkie, PACFA/CCAA conference: Spirituality Stream

2 Power of Identification Learn and develop identity Belong to persons and groups Guide, shape worldview Process of Identification Imitation Relational Action Sympathy, Empathy, Interpathy Pitfalls of Identification in Caregiving Over-identifying Lack of awareness Purpose of Intentional Identification For therapist For client

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4 Learn and develop identity Relational interaction Imitation Instruction and feedback Belong to persons and groups Attachment and bonding Approval and membership Guide, shape worldview

5 Visible: Physical appearance, Behaviour, Face and eye movement Language Invisible: Perceptions Attitudes and Interpretations Rules for social interactions Values Core Beliefs

6 3 Interactive spheres: Personal Identity, Group Belongings, and Worldview, including frames of reference. All 3 are both stable and changing over time by development and experiences. Contact with contrasts may disrupt the integration of the 3 spheres. Cross-cultural assessment must keep these 3 in view. Key: Core and changing identifications. Aart Van Beek, Cross-cultural Counseling. Minneapolis: Dr. Judith Hays Wilkie, Fortress Press, 1996.

7 Follow the Leader! Jn 13:12 When (Jesus) had finished washing their feet, he put on his clothes and returned to his place. Do you understand what I have done for you? he asked them. Jn 13:13 You call me Teacher and Lord, and rightly so, for that is what I am. Jn 13:14 Now that I, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also should wash one another s feet. Jn 13:15 I have set you an example that you should do as I have done for you. Jn 13:16 Very truly I tell you, servants are not greater than their master, nor are messengers greater than the one who sent them. Jn 13:17 Now that you know these things, you will be blessed if you do them. Jn 13:34 A new command I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another. Jn 13:35 By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you love one another. Today's New International Version Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001, 2005.

8 Sympathy: spontaneous response to another s emotional experience a cosuffering through projective identification. Empathy: sharing another s feelings, not through projection but through compassionate active imagination an intentional affective response enriched by similarities (but) based on differences. Empathy respects the distinctness of self and other Empathy is based upon common linguistic and cultural assumptions. Empathy is the capacity to imagine oneself into another person or role within the context of one s own culture. David Augsburger, Pastoral Counseling Across Cultures, Philadelphia: Westminster Press,

9 Interpathy: an intentional cognitive envisioning and affective experiencing of another s thoughts and feelings, even though the thoughts rise from another process of knowing, the values grow from another frame of moral reasoning, and the feelings spring from another basis of assumptions. Interpathy is the voluntary experiencing of a separate other without the reassuring epistemological floor of common cultural assumptions; it is the intellectual invasion and the emotional embracing of what is truly other. Interpathy offers a bidirectional strength: one, the ability to see as others--who are truly other see; and, two, the ability to see ourselves as others--who are fully other--see us. Interpathic caring awaits the discovery of how caring is given and received within that culture... Interpathic identification prizes the meaning of humanness in which universals of life experience coincide, but without assuming that the interpretation or the emotional savoring of these universals will overlap (it is) to be hospitable to what is utterly new. David Augsburger, Pastoral Counseling Across Cultures, Dr. Judith Hays Philadelphia: Wilkie, Westminster Press,

10 Caregiver overidentification through sympathy or misguided empathy. Caregiver lack of awareness of Identity, Belonging and Worldview as diagnostic categories Caregiver lack of personal awareness regarding content of these categories and their current level of integration. Caregiver failure to take seriously the belonging groups of the care seeker.

11 Family structures (includes divorce, remarriage etc.) Birth order Relationship status Generational Position Losses or traumas Talents or interests Experience in groups (church, other faith or ideology groups, work, school, sport etc.) Migration or relocation ESL/ LOTE at home How would you describe yourself in these terms?

12 See Sue & Sue, Culturally Diverse, 2003, front cover.

13 Age Disability (Acquired) Developmental Disability Religion/Spirituality Ethnicity Socioeconomic Status Sexual Orientation Indigenous Heritage National Origin Gender What was your addressing map in your childhood? What was it in your late teens/early adulthood? What is it today? What led to changes? How do your identity, belongings, and worldview intersect in these categories? Are any of them hard to integrate? Hays, Pamela A. Addressing Cultural Complexities in Practice: A Framework for Clinicians and Counselors. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2001.

14 For Therapist: See in the client a human face. Cross over by interpathy. Consider identity, belonging, and worldview as in process and in need of integration. Assess present integration. Work with client to find bridges for identification in key figures and stories. For Client: Recognise those with whom identification has been made. Recognise those with whom it could be strengthened, both interpersonally and through story.

15 Majority/Dominant Stage 1: Pre-exposure/ Pre-contact Stage 2: Conflict Stage 3: Pro-minority/ Anti-racism Stage 4: Retreat into Dominant Culture Stage 5: Redefinition & Integration Minority/Subjugated Stage 1: Conformity Stage 2: Dissonance Stage 3: Resistance & Immersion Stage 4: Introspection Stage 5: Integrative Awareness Dr. Judith Hays Derald Wilkie, Wing Sue and David Sue, Counseling the Culturally Diverse, 4th ed. NY: John Wiley & Sons,

16 Faith is Relational Action: Trust in, commit to, covenant with. Such trust and commitments shape identity, belongings, and shared meanings including the ultimate frames of reference in a worldview. Self and Other interact with one another in relationship to a Shared Centre of Value and Power (SCVP): a shared frame of reference. It may include interactive relationship with deity, spirits, ancestors SCVP Faith in this sense is not a belief or religious practice but relational. Self Other James Fowler, Stages of Faith. (NY: Harper Collins, 1981),

17 Believer Is In Christ: dead, buried, raised to life. Christ is In Believer.

18 Jn 17:20 My prayer is not for them alone. I pray also for those who will believe in me through their message, Jn 17:21 that all of them may be one, Father, just as you are in me and I am in you. May they also be in us so that the world may believe that you have sent me. Jn 17:22 I have given them the glory that you gave me, that they may be one as we are one Jn 17:23 I in them and you in me so that they may be brought to complete unity. Then the world will know that you sent me and have loved them even as you have loved me. Jn 17:24 Father, I want those you have given me to be with me where I am, and to see my glory, the glory you have given me because you loved me before the creation of the world. Jn 17:25 Righteous Father, though the world does not know you, I know you, and they know that you have sent me. Jn 17:26 I have made you known to them, and will continue to make you known in order that the love you have for me may be in them and that I myself may be in them. Today's New International Version Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001, 2005.

19 Self-Other relationship to SCVP: Relate to biblical characters and metaphor in stories: Abraham, Job, Joseph, David, Jeremiah Sarah. Rebekah, Naomi, Ruth, Esther NT disciples like Peter, Mary & Martha, etc. Shared relationship to God with Christian persons & communities in history or today, known or heard about. Identity and belonging comes from mutual solidarity as one body, as well as being mutually subject to SCVP in God.

20 Identification with representatives of families and other belonging groups: Family members Cultural Heroes Stories in wider culture Identification in the therapeutic relationship: Model to imitate Experience of being heard and valued Perceived similarities

21 Case 1 to consider: You are meeting with a young person whose family has roots in a different country but who personally grew up here. The young person is torn between pleasing parents and making personal decisions. Case 2 to consider: You have heard about marital problems from the point of view of each member separately. The two have very different historic group belongings and at least one of them is very different from your background. You now wish to help them understand one another in a joint session. By seeing in the other a human face, and by looking for the integration of identity, belonging and worldview by interpathy, look for points of contact with shared frames of reference able to provide identifications clients can use.

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