Embodied Cognition. Jason Guerrero Alex LaBranche Ritaj Mangush Jeewon Nahm

Transcription

1 Embodied Cognition Jason Guerrero Alex LaBranche Ritaj Mangush Jeewon Nahm

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3 1. Cognition depends upon the kinds of experience that come from having a body with various sensorimotor capacities 2. These individual sensorimotor capacities are themselves embedded in a more encompassing biological, psychological and cultural context

4 Multimodal Perception of goal-directed action leads to Neural Activity Peeling Sounds*

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7 from Maister, L., Slater, M., Sanchez-Vives, M. V., & Tsakiris, M. (2015). Changing bodies changes minds: owning another body affects social cognition. [43] Joy-Gaba, J.A. and Nosek, B.A. (2010) The surprisingly limited malleability of implicit racial evaluations. [44] Devine, P.G. et al. (2012) Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: a prejudice habit-breaking intervention.

8 Changing bodies changes minds: owning another body affects social cognition Is it possible to change our implicit bias?

9 Highlights Multisensory correlations can induce illusory ownership of another person's body. Ownership can thus be induced over a body of a different race, age, or gender. Incorporating a body belonging to a social outgroup changes implicit social biases. The multisensory experience of the body underpins higher-level social attitudes.

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12 Bodily Resonance

13 From body ownership to social cognition: constraints and consequences

14 The role of social cognition in decision making

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16 Putting yourself in the skin of a black avatar reduces implicit racial bias (2012)

17 Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) By embodying participants in different skin color body Induce a body-ownership illusion in a differently raced avatar Whether the body-ownership illusion could reduce negative implicit responses toward that other race

18 Between-groups design with 60 female participants Embodied Light Skinned ① Embodied Dark Skinned ② ① Embodied Alien Skinned ③ Non Embodied Dark Skinned ② ③

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23 Embodiment of light-skinned individuals in a dark-skinned virtual body at least temporarily reduces their implicit bias against people who are coded as out-group on the basis of the color of the skin Although the most important comparison of IAT(postIAT-preIAT) between ED and EL was significant, other differences were mediated through the variable nervous

24 Discrepancies between previous researches 1. No difference in the level of body ownership EL ED EA 2. Actual embodiment in a dark skinned body was more likely to produce an IAT change than ND or EL body. 3. Alien condition - allowed for the possibility that it was simply difference or strangeness that could account for the results rather than the specific issue of race

25 This experiment... Expand previous work on the use of explicit strategies Can be compared with earlier studies(ex. rubber hand) - ownership over a black rubber hand was induced through synchronous visual-tactile stimulation over the seen rubber hand and the corresponding obscured real hand

26 In conclusion, IVR can be used to generate an illusion of body ownership Body semantic Next question: how long does this effect lasts?

27 Implicit Association Tests Using IATs to prove that changing bodies changes minds. Used to measure changes before and after tests simulation.

28 Experiencing ownership over a dark-skinned body reduces implicit racial bias L. Maister et al. - University of London, Egham, UK

29 Experimental Process Experiment 1: GOAL: investigate the effect of self-other bodily overlap on implicit attitudes towards a racial outgroup characterized by different skin colour 34 Caucasians (27 females, Mean Age = 20.3 years) First Session Second Session Dark-skin bias IAT (baseline) Ownership Questionnaire Asynchronous RHI IRI GOAL: investigate whether the effect of illusory ownership is specific to implicit attitudes towards an outgroup skin colour, or whether it might be a more general effect. 73 Caucasians, (53 females, Mean Age = 19.8 years) 73 Caucasians (53 females, Mean Age = 19.8 years) Asked about purpose of the study Light and dark-skin IAT (baseline) First Session Second Session IAT with RHI Synchronous RHI Experiment 2: IAT with RHI Synchronous, dark hand RHI Synchronous, light hand RHI Ownership Questionnaire Asynchronous, dark hand RHI Asynchronous, light hand RHI Asked about purpose of the study

30 Ownership Assessment

31 Interpersonal Reactivity Index Measures: Perspective Taking (PT) Fantasy (FS) Empathic Concern (EC) Personal Distress (PD)

32 Results Experiment 1 Experiment 2

33 Embodied Cognition - More Generally

34 Taking on Other Bodies - No Bodies?