testing for implicit bias

Transcription

1 testing for implicit bias

2 impartial jury?

3 [i]t is by now clear that conscious and unconscious racism can affect the way white jurors perceive minority defendants and the facts presented at their trials, perhaps determining the verdict of guilt or innocence. Justice O Connor (Georgia v McCollum) 72

4 racial bias assessments Explicit questioning Poor measure People hide their views to adhere to social norms People have implicit views that they are not consciously aware of. Implicit Association Test (IAT) Standard Black/White, good/bad Neural activity measured by fmri Response to seeing images of faces belonging to different races Korn, H. A., et al (2012) Social Neuroscience 7 (4) 73

5 People have implicit biases that they are not consciously aware of that differ from their explicit beliefs. do I really know myself?? 74

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8 Race Today: PBS News Hour 77

9 IAT: response times = association disaster laughing 78

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23 5 Neural correlates of prejudice does the brain reveal bias?

24 Korn, H. A., et al (2012) Social Neuroscience 7 (4) 93

25 People use heuristics when there is ambiguity and uncertainty in decision-making. Korn, H. A., et al (2012) Social Neuroscience 7 (4)

26 Is the IAT a better method for finding the least biased jurors? IAT: Implicit Association Test measures implicit biases 95

27 IAT predicts biases better than explicit selfreport measures. Korn, H. A., et al (2012) Social Neuroscience 7 (4) 96

28 Are there alternative tools to detect implicit bias? 97

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30 What Memories for events change with time? True do we really know? Memories for traumatic events change with time? Vivid memories can be created for events that did not actually happen of which people can be very confident. True Just thinking about doing something may create a memory of having actually done it. True True

31 Wade, K. A. et al (2002) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9 (3),

32 How to create a false memory Participants: 20 confederates recruited a family memory to be in the study 3 true photos and one false photo The Step-Wise interview procedure 3 interviews over ~2 week period Wade, K. A. et al (2002) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9 (3),

33 Wade, K. A. et al (2002) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9 (3),

34 Wade, K. A. et al (2002) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9 (3),

35 Example Interview Wade, K. A. et al (2002) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9 (3),

36 Wade, K. A. et al (2002) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9 (3),

37 debriefing Wade, K. A. et al (2002) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9 (3),

38 When people who witness and event are later exposed to new and misleading information about it, their recollections become distorted. Misinformation effect Loftus, E (2005) Learn. Mem. 12:

39 Loftus, E (2005) Learn. Mem. 12:

40 Loftus & Palmer (1974) Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 13,

41 Basic subjects see a series of slides or a film depicting a car accident, robbery, or some other naturalistic eyewitness event asked a series of questions manipulate the way one question is asked to determine effects on recall Paradigm Loftus & Palmer (1974) Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 13,

42 Nearly 200 subjects viewed 30 slides depicting an automobile accident. Half saw a red Datsun approaching a STOP sign; the other half saw it approach a YIELD sign. Immediately after viewing the slides half of the participants were asked: "Did another car pass the red Datsun while it was stopped at the stop sign?". For the others 'stop' was replaced by 'yield'. 20 minutes of filler activity followed, then a recognition test was performed on the photos to the left. Loftus & Palmer (1974) Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 13,

43 Results Condition % Correct Consistent 75% Inconsistent 41% After the viewing, half the participants received a suggestion that the traffic sign was a yield sign. When asked later what traffic sign they remembered seeing at the intersection, those who had been given the suggestion tended to claim that they had seen a yield sign. Those who had not received the phony information were much more accurate in their recollection of the traffic sign. Loftus & Palmer (1974) Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 13,

44 Subjects see a video depicting a car accident Asked, How fast were the cars going when they each other? Varied the intensity of the verb that described the collision: smashed, collided, bumped, hit, and contacted

45 A week later in the absence of the film clips the participants were presented with additional questions about the car accident including the key question asking whether there was any broken glass. There was actually no broken glass in the film. Participants in the smashed condition gave a mean speed estimate of mph as compared to 8.00 mph in the 'hit' condition. 32% of the participants who had been previously asked about the speed of the cars when the verb 'smashed' was used recalled seeing broken glass as compared to 14% of those asked using the verb 'hit'

46 Conclusion: The study demonstrates that eyewitness testimony can be easily influenced by the wording of a question. The findings also suggest that over an amount of time memory for an event may be considerably distorted by post event information