Psychology. January 11, 2019.

Transcription

1 Psychology January 11, 2019.

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3 The Attendance Question: Do you have a habit or a ritual or something you do to clear your mind and focus before a big test, a big game or something important?

4 Reminders: Have a fun weekend!

5 Goals: To finish covering levels of consciousness. To begin discussing states of altered consciousness.

6 Learning Targets: I can explain mindfulness. I can explain hypnosis.

7 Section 2: Levels of Awareness. For instance, in a loud party, you still somehow manage to hear your name in a distant conversation!

8 Section 2: Levels of Awareness. This cocktail party effect is because cues in our environment, or significant sensory information, will automatically elicit a response from us even though we never consciously perceive it.

9 Section 2: Levels of Awareness. In a famous study, two researchers took people with a fear of snakes and hooked them up to a machine that could measure their sweating!

10 Section 2: Levels of Awareness. Then, they flashed images of different items (including snakes) in front of the subjects.

11 Section 2: Levels of Awareness. But the images were shown so fast that the subjects could not make out what they were.

12 Section 2: Levels of Awareness. But the subjects still started sweating more when the image flashed in front of them was that of a snake!

13 Section 2: Levels of Awareness. Although research into subliminal messaging suggests that it is not very effective, there is a similar technique to modify behavior known as priming.

14 Section 2: Levels of Awareness. Priming is a technique whereby exposure to one stimulus influences a response to a subsequent stimulus, without conscious guidance or intention.

15 Section 2: Levels of Awareness. For instance, researchers had subjects solved word puzzles in a book. The control group solved puzzles with random words in it. The experimental group solved puzzles whose answers were words relating to the elderly like grandma and old.

16 Section 2: Levels of Awareness. The researchers then measured how fast the subjects walked down the hallway exiting the experiment.

17 Section 2: Levels of Awareness. Of course, subjects from the experiment group tended to walk more slowly down the hallway!

18 Section 2: Levels of Awareness One project that studies how our implicit beliefs about things (those that are not on the surface of our consciousness) come out is the Implicit Associations Test. Go to to take the tests.

19 Section 2: Levels of Awareness On the opposite end of being influenced by things you don t even know about is a heightened state of awareness.

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21 Section 2: Levels of Awareness Mindfulness is defined as a state of heightened conscious awareness of the thoughts passing through one s head.

22 Section 2: Levels of Awareness Research on mindfulness has shown that it can compensate for our biases and external attempts to influence our beliefs.

23 Section 2: Levels of Awareness The Flexible Correction Model states that as long as people are aware that their thoughts or behavior is being influenced by an undue, outside source, they will correct their attitude against the bias.

24 Section 2: Levels of Awareness Here s a video on mindfulness and how it kind of, sort of works. w8