4. PAEDIATRIC ILLNESS AND INJURY

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1 4. PAEDIATRIC ILLNESS AND INJURY As well as dealing with emergency situations it is important that you can manage the more common paediatric illnesses and injuries which you are likely to experience in your day-to-day work. This may involve children who develop illness or are injured during the day or children who have chronic conditions that require management. You must explore the signs and symptoms which indicate that children are ill and be able to identify different types of injury. You must demonstrate that you are able to provide first aid in a professional and competent manner. Although you must demonstrate your skills these must be carried out on infant and child manikins and not in the workplace. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The following activities will support you to demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of how to recognise and treat a range of illnesses and avoidable injuries which you may come across in your setting. You will provide evidence of how you would deal with different situations, including your role in reducing the distress for the infant or child involved. CCLD Unit 46:.,.2,.3 First Aid Unit 2:.,.2,.3 Task You need to be aware of the different types of fracture and dislocation which children may suffer and how you should manage each type. Look at the list of common orthopaedic injuries below and give a brief description of each. Include which part of the body may be affected, the severity of the injury as well as the signs (what you may see) and symptoms (the child s behaviour). Give a brief description of how you would manage each type. Your assessor will give you the opportunity to discuss the management of fractures and dislocations in more detail when you demonstrate how to apply a sling. Injury Description Ways to manage Hairline fracture 33

2 Injury Description Ways to manage Compound fracture Dislocation CCLD Unit 46: 2. First Aid Unit 2: 2. Task 2. Infants and young children are at particular risk from head injuries. Recognising the signs and symptoms of a head injury is critical to prevent short- or long-term damage or even death. Identify the signs (what you may see) and symptoms (the child s behaviour). Enter signs and symptoms in the diagram below. One symptom has been entered for you. Nausea or vomiting Signs and symptoms of a head injury 34

3 2. Describe what you should do if you suspect that an infant or child has concussion, a skull fracture or cerebral compression. Write your answer here: CCLD Unit 46: First Aid Unit 2: 3., 3.2 Task 3 Young children often insert small objects in their ears or nose, get foreign bodies in their eyes, such as sand or flies, or sustain an injury to these areas. These accidents must be managed correctly to prevent injury or further injury. Describe below what to do in response to each incident or injury, including when medical help should be summoned. Condition What to do Foreign body in eye Foreign body in ear Foreign body in nose Common eye injury 35

4 CCLD Unit 46: 4., 4.2 First Aid Unit 2: 4., 4.2 CCLD Unit 46: 5., 5.2 First Aid Unit 2: 5., 5.2 Task 4. Produce a five-to-ten minute presentation for your peers and assessor describing how to manage three chronic medical conditions: sickle cell anaemia, diabetes and asthma. Include: the symptoms of each condition ways to manage each condition when immediate medical help should be sought how to support the infant or child. 2. Produce a leaflet to hand out to peers which describes how to recognise the signs and symptoms of meningitis and what to do if meningitis is suspected. You could include illustrations to support your information. Mention: the common symptoms how to use the glass test on rashes ways to support the child what measures should be taken to prevent cross infection the importance of seeking medical help and how to do this. Task 5 Young children may be in danger if they experience the effects of extreme heat (hyperthermia) or extreme cold (hypothermia). In this activity complete the table by describing how to recognise when this occurs and what you should do in each situation. Condition Symptoms What to do Hyperthermia Hypothermia 36

5 CCLD Unit 46: 6., 6.2 First Aid Unit 2: 6., 6.2 CCLD Unit 46: 7., 7.2 First Aid Unit 2: 7., 7.2 Task 6 Produce a poster which describes how to manage an incident involving electricity and first aid treatments for electric shock. You could use pictures or illustrations to support your information. Task 7 A superficial burn A partial thickness burn A full thickness burn 37

6 . Look at the photographs of burns and scalds of varying severity which may be suffered by infants and children. Describe the difference between each type of burn. Write your answer here: 2. Describe how you should respond to each type of burn, including what action you should take and what you should not do. Burn type : Burn type 2: Burn type 3: 38

7 CCLD Unit 46: 8., 8.2, 8.3 First Aid Unit 2: 8., 8.2, 8.3 Task 8. Describe the ways that different types of poison can enter an infant s or child s body. Indicate the signs that would show that poisonous substances, including plants, have been ingested. Use the illustration below, including arrows, shading and writing, to help you to demonstrate your understanding. 39

8 2. Describe what you would do if you suspect a child has been poisoned. Consider the age of the child, why it is important to identify the poison, what to do if the child were drowsy or unconscious and when and how you would seek assistance. You should also identify any actions that should not be taken, and explain why. Write your answer here: 3. Research and use the space below to list at least five useful sources of information about the dangers of poisoning and/or how to care for infants and children who have been poisoned. Write your answer here: 40

9 CCLD Unit 46: 9., 9.2 First Aid Unit 2: 9., 9.2 Task 9 It is important to recognise the type of bite or sting sustained by the infant or child so that the correct treatment can be administered. It would be helpful if you could find illustrations or photographs so that you are able to describe them during the professional discussion with your assessor (see page 42). Use the table below to make notes to which you can then refer. Bee sting Injury Treatment When to seek medical help Wasp sting Tick bite Animal bite PUTTING IT INTO PRACTICE This activity will enable your assessor to examine your competence by observing you carrying out workplace activities. This might include asking related questions to test your underpinning knowledge. CCLD Unit 46:.2,.3,.4 First Aid Unit 2:.2,.3,.4 a) Show your knowledge and ability to manage a suspected fracture and dislocation and apply a support sling and an elevation sling. You will not be observed in your workplace setting but will practise your skill in applying slings on your peers. You will be presented with scenarios which will involve different types of fracture or dislocation. Your assessor will observe your skills in carrying out the correct procedures, including the use of splints when appropriate. You will demonstrate your understanding of managing fractures and dislocations by giving a commentary as you carry out your actions. Remember that your assessor will note how skilled you are at reassuring the injured person. 4

10 CCLD Unit 46: 2.2 First Aid Unit 2: 2.2 b) Show your ability to manage a suspected spinal injury to a young child. Your assessor will provide a scenario using a child manikin so that you can demonstrate your first aid skills to manage a suspected spinal injury. You will be expected to position the casualty correctly and show that you can minimise the risk of further injury. You must also show that you know when and how to seek medical help. CCLD Unit 46: 9., 9.2 First Aid Unit 2: 9., 9.2 PROFESSIONAL DISCUSSION Your first aid assessor will conduct a professional discussion with you, which will capture evidence necessary to prove your level of knowledge and understanding of topic areas. Below are some topic areas you will need to consider when preparing for the professional discussion with your assessor: How you can recognise the severity of different types of bites and stings. The treatment you would provide for different types of bites and stings. Your assessor will plan the content of your professional discussion and will advise you how to prepare beforehand. The professional discussion may cover both Units and 2 of your paediatric first aid qualification. Discussion process The discussion process will offer you the opportunity to show your understanding of how to recognise when an infant or child has been bitten or stung and how severe the injury is. You will also need to demonstrate that you know how to treat bites and stings. To prepare for your professional discussion, you should think about the following: The signs which indicate that a child has been stung by a bee. What a tick bite might look like. How you would treat a child who has suffered an animal bite. The correct method for removing a sting from a child s skin. When you would need to seek immediate medical help. 42