Survey and List Experiments
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1 Survey and List Experiments Thomas Pepinsky Department of Government Cornell University Prepared for the Workshop on Cu#ng Edge Mixed Methods Research Techniques for Analy;cal Work on Local Governance and Service Delivery Jakarta June 2014
2 Overview Typology MoJvaJons Examples (many) PracJcal and Conceptual Concerns New DirecJons 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 2
3 Typology 1. Survey VigneSes Short descrip;ons of social situa;ons highligh;ng relevant decision- or judgment- making processes 2. Survey Experiments a) Mini MulJple Survey Experiments Randomize parts of ques;ons, compare across answers b) Priming Experiments or cueing, informajon, vignese experiments Randomize prompts, compare across answers 3. List Experiments Randomize number of possible answers, compare number of answers chosen 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 3
4 MoJvaJons 1. Biased self- reporjng (social desirability, etc.) How racist are you? Did you sell your vote? 2. Difficult quesjons Do you prefer that Pheu Thai/Democrats endorse/ oppose/nothing the Red Shirts/Yellow Shirts/King/ some of them/all of them? 3. Confounding Ethnicity, income, status - > preferences/behaviors 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 4
5 VigneSes Goal: standardize the social sjmulus across respondents and at the same Jme makes the decision- making situajon more real (Alexander and Becker 1978) Here, non- experimental 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 5
6 VigneSes Arsovska (2012): What do people think about revenge killing in Albania? 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 6
7 Mini- MulJple Survey Experiment Pepinsky, Liddle, and Mujani (2012): does economic policy explain support for Islamic par;es in Indonesia? 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 7
8 Mini- MulJple Survey Experiment Pepinsky, Liddle, and Mujani (2012): does economic policy explain support for Islamic par;es in Indonesia? 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 8
9 Priming Experiment (1) Adida, Lo, and Verink (2013): Does coethnicity affect support for President Boni Yayi in Parakou, Benin? 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 9
10 Priming Experiment (2) Malhotra and Kuo (2008): do par;san cues lead people to accord blame for Hurricane Katrina differently? 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 10
11 Priming Experiment (3) Benjamin, Choi, and Strickland (2010): Does ethnicity affect economic norms and preferences? 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 11
12 Priming Experiment (3) Benjamin, Choi, and Strickland (2010): Does ethnicity affect economic norms and preferences? 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 12
13 List Experiment (1) Kuklinski, Cobb, and Gilens (1997) Are people upset by black families moving in to their neighborhoods? 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 13
14 List Experiment (1) Kuklinski, Cobb, and Gilens (1997) Are people upset by black families moving in to their neighborhoods? 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 14
15 List Experiment (2) Ahlquist, Mayer, and Jackman (2014) How frequent is voter impersona;on in U.S. elec;ons? 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 15
16 List Experiment (2) Ahlquist, Mayer, and Jackman (2014) How frequent is voter impersona;on in U.S. elec;ons? 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 16
17 List Experiment (2) Ahlquist, Mayer, and Jackman (2014) How frequent is voter impersona;on in U.S. elec;ons? 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 17
18 List Experiment (3) Imai, Park, and Greene (2014) How prevalent is vote- selling in Mexico? 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 18
19 List Experiment (3) Imai, Park, and Greene (2014) How prevalent is vote- selling in Mexico? 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 19
20 PracJcal and Conceptual Concerns 1. How do respondents interpret quesjons? 2. RepresentaJveness of sample populajon 3. Small effect sizes 4. Floor/ceiling effects 5. InterpreJng primes 6. Bundled treatments 7. External (or ecological ) validity 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 20
21 New DirecJons 1. More efficient analysis of list experiments (Blair and Imai 2011) 2. Heterogeneous treatment effects (Green and Kern 2012) 3. Endorsement experiments (Bullock, Imai, and Shapiro Lab- in- the- field experiments 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 21
22 Final Thoughts Main strengths for policy work Empirical evidence on hard- to- measure phenomena Precise control over counterfactuals Credible esjmates of treatment effects Main limitajon for policy work Mapping esjmable treatment effects to acjonable policy (c.f. field/natural experiments) 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 22
23 Further Reading METHODS Alexander & Becker (1978) The Use of VigneSes in Survey Research Pol Opinion Quarterly Arsovska (2012) Researching Difficult PopulaJons Handbook of Survey Methodology for the Soc Sci Blair & Imai (2012) StaJsJcal Analysis of List Experiments Pol Analysis Bullock, Imai, Shapiro (2011) StaJsJcal Analysis of Endorsement Experiments Pol Analysis Corstange (2009) SensiJve QuesJons, Truthful Answers? Pol Analysis Druckman, Green, Kuklinski, Lupia (2011) Handbook of Experimental Poli;cal Science Gaines, Kuklinski, Quirk (2007) Logic of the Survey Experiment Reconsidered Pol Analysis Green & Kern (2012) Modeling Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Pub Opinion Quartery Imai, Park, Greene (2014) Using the Predicted Responses from List Experiments W.P., Princeton APPLICATIONS Adida, Lo, Verink (2013) Measuring the Effect of Coethnicity EGAP Pre- analysis Plan Ahlquist, Mayer, Jackman (2014) Alien AbducJon and Voter ImpersonaJon W.P., Wisconsin Benjamin, Choi, Strickland (2010) Social IdenJty and Preferences AER Kuklinski, Cobb, Gilens (1997) Racial antudes and the New South JOP Malhotra & Kuo (2008) ASribuJng Blame JOP Pepinsky, Liddle, Mujani (2012) TesJng Islam s PoliJcal Advantage AJPS 6/18/14 Survey and List Experiments 23
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