DR. SAMINA QAMER Department of Zoology, Wildlife & Fisheries Government College University, Faisalabad Pakistan

Transcription

1 DR. SAMINA QAMER Department of Zoology, Wildlife & Fisheries Government College University, Faisalabad Pakistan

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3 Apiculture in Pakistan Federal level: Honeybee Research Institute establish as "Honeybee Management package bees from Australia 16 failed attempts since for successful introduction of Apis mellifera

4 Dr.Rafiq, Pioneer of Morden Beekeeping with A.mellifera in Pakistan

5 Training of Beekeeper at HBRI

6 Regional Level Farmers market (PVT), Hydroponically Grown, Rawalpindi. Hashoo Foundation Northern Areas of Pakistan Qarshi Industries Hattar, Industrial Area, District Hari Purr Pakistan. Zari Taraqiati Bank (ZTBL). Bee keepers Association, Tarnab Peshawar. University of Agriculture, Peshawar Department of Agriculture, AJK All Pakistan beekeepers exporters and honey traders association Islamabad DANAS Pharmaceuticals Pakistan Islamabad Pakistan Beekeepers Federation, Islamabad AKRSP Punjab Seed Corporation. National Center for Rural Development (NCRD) SMEDA (Small and Medium enterprises development authority)

7 Three types of indigenous honeybees Apis cerana, Apis florea, Apis dorsata Apis mellifera introduced in 1976 for commerical Beekeeping 1980s-1990s-Apis florea, Apis dorsata (dommana) suffered Losses in Cotton and sugarcane growing area due to Pesticides Apis cerana disappear due to Thai Scabrood virus Apis florea safer in costal and mangrove areas

8 Currently 1500 nectar sources have been identified 9000 beekeepers including Women Honey production in the country increased from 250 tones in 1985 to more than tones in 2010, The yield of honey per colony has increased from 4kg to 21kg, No of colonies increases 24 to 42 Produced and export sidder Zizipus jojoba honey tones produced in Sarhad

9 450,000 colonies of A.mellifera More than 1500,000 colonies of Apis cerana in Sarhad and AJK province 45, ,0000 colonies of A.dorsata Integrated quality queen introduction with Varroa screens, formic acid and thymol for effective management of parasitic mites. Diagnostic Laboratory for mite, pests and disease identification. Honey quality testing Lab

10 Log hive of Apis cerana The KPK region is a focal point in the origin and evolution of honeybees.

11 Distribution of beehives to beekeepers from Mohammad Abad, Sultanabad and Danyore in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan

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13 Bees at altittude, Thandandi. District of KPK province and Thandandi hills are 9000 feet, 2750m, above sea level

14 Beekeeping with modern hives and techniques

15 Apiculture in Punjab Province

16 Comparison of Physicochemical Characteristics of Honey Produced by Apis florea And Apis dorsata honey bee species from Punjab, Pakistan

17 Honey is the most important primary product of beekeeping both from a quantitative and an economic point of view. It was also the first bee product used by mankind in ancient times. Honey is a complex mixture and presents very great variations in composition and characteristics due to its geographical and botanical origin. Quality of honey is mostly evaluated by its physico-chemical analysis of its constituents several important components influence the storage quality, granulation, texture, flavor, nutritional and medicinal value of the honey

18 OBJECTIVES To find Apis florea and Apis dorsata colonies on different floral sources and collect honey. To evaluate the physicochemical properties of Apis florea and Apis dorsata honey from Pakistan. To increase the scientific knowledge about Apis florea and Apis dorsata honey collected from Punjab region of Pakistan.

19 MATERIALS AND METHODS

20 Sample Collection A.dorsata samples were collected from Bhakkar district A.florae samples were collected from Bhakkar, Kallar Kahar and Shorkot districts of Punjab province of Pakistan Physico-chemical analysis (Bogdanov et al., 1999) ph and Electrical Conductivity were determined in a 10g/75ml solution of honey in deionized water. Free, lactonic and total acidities were titrated in the same solution used for ph measurement (AOAC, 1975). Water content refractive index and correlation with Chataway Charts (Chataway, 1935). Proline content of honey according to Cough (1969). Winkler s method for HMF content (Winkler, 1955). The diastase activity of honey samples according to the procedure of Schade et al. (1958). ANOVA (Steel and Torri, 1981) was performed for statistical analysis of data.

21 Apis dorsata colonies Large size of worker bee Matha Citrus tree kikar

22 Apis dorsata colonies Gurva Eucalyptus

23 Apis florea hive near Bhakkar city

24 RESULTS

25 Table No.1: Physicochemical analysis of Apis florea honey. Sr. No Parameter ph 4.11 Moisture content% Sample No Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean 17.0 ±1.00 EC (ms/cm) ±2.08 Free acidity (meq/kg) Lactone content (meq/kg) 12 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.17 Codex draft 1999 EU draft 1999 Directiv e 2001/EC ** 19.4 ±0.04 <21% <21% <21% ± ± ±0.58 <0.8* ms/cm <50 meq/kg <40 meq/kg 37 <50 meq/kg 6 7 Total acidity (meq/kg) Proline content (mg/kg) 21 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±23.56 >180* mg/kg 8 HMF content (mg/kg) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±3.36 <60 mg/kg 9 Diastase number ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.29 >8 *The suggested values for proline content and electrical conductivity for new honey standards (Bogdanov et al., 1999) ** Council of the European Union. Council Directive 2001/110/EC of Dec. 20, 2001, relating to honey. Off. J.Eur. Commun., Jan 12,L10/47-L10/52

26 Table No. 2: Physicochemical analysis of Apis florea honey Sr. No. 1 2 Parameter ph 5.04 Moisture content% Sample No Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean 18.6 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.16 Codex draft 1999 EU draft 1999 Directive 2001/EC ** 19.8 <21% <21% <21% 3 4 EC (ms/cm) ±2.03 Free acidity (meq/kg) 11 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.93 <0.8* ms/cm <50 meq/kg <40 meq/kg <50 meq/kg 5 Lactone content (meq/kg) 9 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Total acidity (meq/kg) 20 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Proline content (mg/kg) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± >180* mg/kg 8 HMF content (mg/kg) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±18.23 <60 mg/kg 9 Diastase number ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.63 >8 *The suggested values for proline content and electrical conductivity for new honey standards (Bogdanov et al., 1999) ** Council of the European Union. Council Directive 2001/110/EC of Dec. 20, 2001, relating to honey. Off. J.Eur. Commun., Jan 12,L10/47-L10/52

27 Table No. 3: Physicochemical analysis of Apis dorsata honey Sr. No. 1 2 Parameter ph 3.65 ±0.30 Moisture content% Sample No Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean 20.6 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.08 Codex draft 1999 EU draft 1999 Directive 2001/EC ** ±0.23 <21% <21% <21% 3 EC (ms/cm) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±1.34 <0.8* ms/cm 4 Free acidity (meq/kg) 15.5 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±1.43 <50 meq/kg <40 meq/kg 39 <50 meq/kg 5 Lactone content (meq/kg) 7 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Total acidity (meq/kg) 22.5 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Proline content (mg/kg) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± >180* mg/kg 8 HMF content (mg/kg) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.67 <60 mg/kg 9 Diastase number 9.67 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±1.41 >8 *The suggested values for proline content and electrical conductivity for new honey standards (Bogdanov et al., 1999). ** Council of the European Union. Council Directive 2001/110/EC of Dec. 20, 2001, relating to honey. Off. J.Eur. Commun., Jan 12,L10/47-L10/52.

28 Table No. 4: Physicochemical analysis of Apis dorsata honey Sr. No. Parameter Sample No Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Codex draft 1999 EU draft 1999 Directive 2001/EC ** 1 ph 3.64 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Moisture content% 21.8 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.06 <21% <21% <21% 3 EC (ms/cm) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.83 <0.8* ms/cm 4 Free acidity (meq/kg) 7.75 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±1.37 <50 meq/kg <40 meq/kg <50 meq/kg 5 Lactone content (meq/kg) 4.25 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Total acidity (meq/kg) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Proline content (mg/kg) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± >180* mg/kg 8 HMF content (mg/kg) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.76 <60 mg/kg 9 Diastase number ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.92 >8 *The suggested values for proline content and electrical conductivity for new honey standards (Bogdanov et al., 1999). ** Council of the European Union. Council Directive 2001/110/EC of Dec. 20, 2001, relating to honey. Off. J.Eur. Commun., Jan 12,L10/47-L10/52.

29 Table No. 5: Comparison of physicochemical characteristics of Apis florea and Apis dorsata honey. Sr. No. Parameter Apis florea Apis dorsata Codex Average Range Average Range draft ph 4.81± ± EU draft 1999 Directive 2001/EC ** 2 Moisture content% 18.77± % 21.7± <21% <21% <21% 3 EC (ms/cm) 4 Free acidity (meq/kg) 5 Lactone content (meq/kg) 6 Total acidity (meq/kg) 7 Proline content (mg/kg) 8 HMF content (mg/kg) 9 Diastase number 0.823± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± <0.8* ms/cm <50 meq/kg <40 meq/kg <50 meq/kg >180* mg/kg 43.01± ± <60mg/kg 15.77± ± >8 43 ANOVA : Probability values at 5% for different physicochemical parameters for Apis florea and Apis dorsata honey. For moisture content P<0.01, P>0.05 for ph, P>0.05 for EC, P>0.05 for free acidity, P>0.05 for lactone content, P>0.05 for total acidity, P<0.01 for proline content, P<0.05 for HMF and P<0.01 for diastase number. *The suggested values for proline content and electrical conductivity for new honey standards (Bogdanov et al., 1999). ** Council of the European Union. Council Directive 2001/110/EC of Dec. 20, 2001, relating to honey. Off. J.Eur. Commun., Jan 12,L10/47- L10/52.

30 Conclusion The present investigations concluded that honey produced by Apis florea and Apis dorsata showed various quality parameters close to the International Honey Standards, except moisture content in Apis dorsata honey which were beyond the recommended limit (21%) and could be used as distinguishing parameter of honey produced by this honey bee species.