Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding and Addressing Bias

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1 Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding and Addressing Bias Nicki Pozos, PhD, PE Stefanie Mosteller PNWS May 5, HDR, Inc., all rights reserved.

2 Source: The Blind Spot, Banaji and Greenwald

3 Facing and addressing bias is the challenge of our time Source: The Blind Spot, Banaji and Greenwald

4 I almost named this presentation: Just another sexist woman. We are all both the victims and perpetrators of bias Source: The Blind Spot, Banaji and Greenwald

5 Our mind does much of its work Automatically Unconsciously Unintentionally

6 Guess how many bits of information we are exposed to at any moment in time? a. 300 b. 6,000 c. 8,000 d. 11,000

7 Guess how many bits of information we are exposed to at any moment in time? a. 300 b. 6,000 c. 8,000 d. 11,000

8 Guess how many bits of information we can consciously process at any given time? a. 5 b. 40 c. 200 d. 600

9 Guess how many bits of information we can consciously process at any given time? a. 5 b. 40 c. 200 d. 600

10 99.9% of our information is processed by our unconscious

11 Our brains create categories to help us navigate the world

12 Implicit Association Test Developed by Greenwald, Banaji, and Nosek Tests have been completed by over 14 million people

13 THE IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TEST (IAT) Flower Names: orchid, daffodil, lilac, rose, tulip, daisy, lily Insect Names: flea, centipede, gnat, wasp, roach, moth, weevil Pleasant-meaning : gentle, heaven, cheer, love, enjoy, happy, friend Unpleasant-meaning : damage, vomit, hurt, poison, evil, gloom, ugly Sources: Project Implicit Blind Spot Hidden Biases of Good People, Mahzarin R. Banaji & Anthony Greenwald

14 INSECTS FLOWERS ROSE

15 INSECTS FLOWERS centipede

16 INSECTS FLOWERS DAFFODIL

17 pleasant NEW CATEGORY

18 pleasant ugly

19 pleasant LOVE

20 pleasant vomit

21 READY?

22 INSECTS FLOWERS or

23 INSECTS FLOWERS or ORCHID

24 INSECTS FLOWERS or gentle

25 INSECTS FLOWERS or ROSE

26 INSECTS FLOWERS or heaven

27 INSECTS FLOWERS or FLEA

28 INSECTS FLOWERS or damage

29 INSECTS FLOWERS or DAFFODIL

30 INSECTS FLOWERS or cheer

31 INSECTS FLOWERS or CENTIPEDE

32 INSECTS FLOWERS or vomit

33 INSECTS FLOWERS or GNAT

34 INSECTS FLOWERS or hurt

35 INSECTS FLOWERS or LILAC

36 INSECTS FLOWERS or love

37 INSECTS FLOWERS or TULIP

38 INSECTS FLOWERS or enjoy

39 INSECTS FLOWERS or WASP

40 INSECTS FLOWERS or poison

41 INSECTS FLOWERS or ROACH

42 INSECTS FLOWERS or evil

43 INSECTS FLOWERS or DAISY

44 INSECTS FLOWERS or gloom

45 INSECTS FLOWERS or MOTH

46 INSECTS FLOWERS or ugly

47 INSECTS FLOWERS or WEEVIL

48 INSECTS FLOWERS or happy

49 INSECTS FLOWERS or LILY

50 INSECTS FLOWERS or friend

51

52 FLOWERS INSECTS or

53 FLOWERS INSECTS or FLEA

54 FLOWERS INSECTS or gentle

55 FLOWERS INSECTS or ORCHID

56 FLOWERS INSECTS or evil

57 FLOWERS INSECTS or ROSE

58 FLOWERS INSECTS or damage

59 FLOWERS INSECTS or DAFFODIL

60 FLOWERS INSECTS or cheer

61 FLOWERS INSECTS or CENTIPEDE

62 FLOWERS INSECTS or vomit

63 FLOWERS INSECTS or LILAC

64 FLOWERS INSECTS or hurt

65 FLOWERS INSECTS or TULIP

66 FLOWERS INSECTS or love

67 FLOWERS INSECTS or GNAT

68 FLOWERS INSECTS or enjoy

69 FLOWERS INSECTS or WASP

70 FLOWERS INSECTS or poison

71 FLOWERS INSECTS or ROACH

72 FLOWERS INSECTS or heaven

73 FLOWERS INSECTS or DAISY

74 FLOWERS INSECTS or gloom

75 FLOWERS INSECTS or LILY

76 FLOWERS INSECTS or ugly

77 FLOWERS INSECTS or MOTH

78 FLOWERS INSECTS or happy

79 FLOWERS INSECTS or WEEVIL

80 FLOWERS INSECTS or friend

81 Test 1 FLOWERS? INSECTS Test 2 INSECTS or FLOWERS or

82 Most people associate women more strongly with liberal arts and men more strongly with science Most people associate women more strongly with family and men more strongly with careers Most white people have an implicit preference for white people over black people; Half of black have a preference for black people Most people have an implicit preference for young people over older people, regardless of their age. Wikipedia, Implicit Association Test

83 I am aware of the possibility of encountering interpretations of my IAT test performance with which I may not agree. Implicit Association Test

84 It s true.

85 Conscious Unconscious

86 So how does this affect our organizations?

87 Bias at Work

88 Source: CDO Insights, August 2008, Volume 2, Issue 5, diversitybestpractices.com

89 What happened?

90 Now imagine if the Sally-John dynamic occurred in the way we: Recruit Make hiring decisions Listen to people s ideas Select our leaders

91 Number of resumes submitted to get equivalent number of interviews 12% 35% 64% 68% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Anglo-Saxon Names Italian Names Indigenous Names Middle Eastern Names Chinese Names Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across Minority Groups? Evidence from a Field Experiment (December 9, 2009)

92 Why does it matter?

93 Forbes Insight Study found diversity is a key driver of innovation McKinsey companies with diverse executive board have significantly higher earnings PwC s 18 th Annual CEO Survey 85% of CEOs who have a diversity and inclusiveness strategy say it has enhanced business performance

94 What can we do?

95 1 We can actually change our subconscious biases

96 Walk boldly toward our biases

97 Think Differently: Make a conscious effort to seek out people with different backgrounds Learn Differently: Seek opportunities to immerse yourself in environment outside your comfort zone Act Differently: Take deliberate actions to disrupt normal processes

98 2 Transform subconscious conscious

99 Be aware (2004) White referees called fouls at a greater rate against black players than white players and the same was true for black referees. (2007) The study had attracted widespread media attention and the bias virtually disappeared Source: Everyday Bias Identifying and Navigating Unconscious Judgments in our Daily Lives, Howard J. Ross

100 What could you do to be aware? Example: Review a presentation on bias before interviewing a candidate

101 3 Reduce the opportunity for bias

102 Orchestras went from <12% female in the 1980s to 37% in 2009 A key factor was instituting blind auditions ce: Everyday Bias Identifying and Navigating Unconscious Judgments in our Lives, Howard J. Ross

103 What could you do to reduce the opportunity for bias? Example: Remove names during resume screenings

104 What is one thing you will do?

105 Resources Blind Spot Hidden Biases of Good People (Mahzarin R. Banaji and Anthony Greenwald) Everyday Bias Identifying and Navigating Unconscious Judgments in Our Daily Lives (Howard J. Ross) Project Implicit ( Outsmarting our Brains Overcoming hidden biases to harness diversity s true potential (Ernst & Young and RBC) Hidden Bias: How Unconscious Attitudes on Diversity Undermine Organizations and What to do about it (Gerald J. Holder)

106 Resources (continued) Outsmart your own biases (Harvard Business Review, May 2015) Yassmin Abdel-Magied: What does my headscarf mean to you? Ted Talk Women at Work series, New York Times, Dec. 6, 2014; January 12, 2015; February 6, 2015 How to recognize (and overcome) your unconscious biases in hiring (Fast Company, Heidi Grant Halvorson, Mar. 4, 2015) You re more biased than you think (Jane Porter, Oct. 6, 2014)

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