Prospective Design Implications of Recent Findings in Photobiology

Transcription

1 Prospective Design Implications of Recent Findings in Photobiology May 13, 2009 Velux Daylight Symposium 2009 Prof. Marilyne Andersen Building Technology Program, MIT Department of Architecture work conducted in collaboration with Prof. Steven W. Lockley, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Harvard Medical School

2 Research context Circadian photoreception: results most relevant to (day)lighting Intensity thresholds Spectral response curve Timing and contrast POWER DISTRIBUTION [-] C(λ) V(λ) Light Exposure Advances Circadian Clock Light Exposure Has Little Effect on Clock Light Exposure Delays Circadian Clock Circadian System Highly Sensitive to Light Light Exposure Improves Alertness

3 Application to Design Considerations Studies in Healthcare settings: Measurables depression alertness medical errors Assumptions: fixed location and view direction of patient ANSI/IESNA RP 29 06, Page 12 Center for Spinal Cord and Brain Injuries, Basel, Switzerland from Architectural Record June 05

4 Application to Design Considerations Studies in Row House settings (Boston, South End area): Based on design factors relevant to daylight penetration floor layout and level, window size, shading, wall reflectance orientation, masking conditions Additional consideration: occupant location and view direction Boston masonry row houses from Tremont St (right), Union Park (center), and Shawmut Ave (left)

5 Method PHOTOBIOLOGY RESEARCH PRESUMED SPECTRA CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION DESIGN DEFINITION ANALYSIS NON SIMULATION (ECOTECT/ DAYSIM) OPTIMIZER (OPTIONAL) SENSITIVIT Y INTENSITY THRESHOLD FUNCTION, INTENSITY, COLOR T CHART ILLUMINANCE GOAL (PER LUX BASIS) DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY FEEDBACK TIMING TEMPORAL MAPPING COMPARE Overview of the Process Linking Space Lighting Considerations to Threshold Illuminance Values and Medical Data from Photobiology Research

6 Input from Photobiology Literature PHOTOBIOLOGY RESEARCH PRESUMED SPECTRA CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION DESIGN DEFINITION ANALYSIS NON SIMULATION (ECOTECT/ DAYSIM) OPTIMIZER (OPTIONAL) SENSITIVIT Y INTENSITY THRESHOLD FUNCTION, INTENSITY, COLOR T CHART ILLUMINANCE GOAL (PER LUX BASIS) DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY FEEDBACK TIMING TEMPORAL MAPPING COMPARE Overview of the Process Linking Space Lighting Considerations to Threshold Illuminance Values and Medical Data from Photobiology Research

7 Converting Illuminance to Circadian Stimulus 140 RELATIVE POWER DISTRIBUTION [ ] 120 PHOTOBIOLOGY RESEARCH PRESUMED SPECTRA 100 CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION DESIGN DEFINITION 0.87W/m 2 80 SENSITIVIT Y INTENSITY THRESHOLD ANALYSIS FUNCTION, INTENSITY, COLOR T CHART NON SIMULATION (ECOTECT/ DAYSIM) 0.27W C(λ)/m 2 OPTIMIZER (OPTIONAL) 190 lux ILLUMINANCE GOAL (PER LUX BASIS) DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY FEEDBACK WAVELENGTH, λ [nm] TIMING TEMPORAL MAPPING COMPARE

8 Relative Alerting Effects (25 100%) of Illuminants ILLUMINANCE [lux] nm LED CIE SA CIE SF11 CIE SF2 Philips 4100K 100% 75% 50% 25% CIE SF7 CIE SD65 Philips 18000K RELATIVE ALERTING EFFECT (25-100%) OF ILLUMINANTS Philips Blue Enriched

9 Alertness Benefit from Illuminants by Color T D55 D65 D

10 Case study I: Patient room PHOTOBIOLOGY RESEARCH PRESUMED SPECTRA CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION DESIGN DEFINITION ANALYSIS NON SIMULATION (ECOTECT/ DAYSIM) OPTIMIZER (OPTIONAL) SENSITIVIT Y TRANSMITTANCE [%] 100% 90% INTENSITY THRESHOLD 80% FUNCTION, INTENSITY, COLOR T CHART Blue Green Gray 70% 60% 50% 40% ILLUMINANCE GOAL (PER LUX BASIS) DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY Clear Bronze FEEDBACK 30% 20% TIMING TEMPORAL MAPPING 10% 0% COMPARE WAVELENGTH, λ [nm]

11 Case study II: Boston Row House Apartments PHOTOBIOLOGY RESEARCH PRESUMED SPECTRA CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION DESIGN DEFINITION ANALYSIS NON SIMULATION (ECOTECT/ DAYSIM) OPTIMIZER (OPTIONAL) SENSITIVIT Y INTENSITY THRESHOLD FUNCTION, INTENSITY, COLOR T CHART ILLUMINANCE GOAL (PER LUX BASIS) DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY FEEDBACK TIMING TEMPORAL MAPPING COMPARE Urban mask South End Neighborhood (from Google Maps)

12 Spectral Space Properties PHOTOBIOLOGY RESEARCH PRESUMED SPECTRA CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION DESIGN DEFINITION ANALYSIS NON SIMULATION (ECOTECT/ DAYSIM) OPTIMIZER (OPTIONAL) SENSITIVIT Y POWER DISTRIBUTION [%] INTENSITY THRESHOLD FUNCTION, INTENSITY, COLOR T CHART SPD [%] ILLUMINANCE GOAL (PER LUX BASIS) DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY FEEDBACK TIMING TEMPORAL MAPPING COMPARE WAVELENGTH, λ [nm] WAVELENGTH, λ [nm]

13 Spectral Space Properties PHOTOBIOLOGY RESEARCH PRESUMED SPECTRA CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION DESIGN DEFINITION 1 SENSITIVIT Y ANALYSIS FUNCTION, INTENSITY, COLOR T CHART NON SIMULATION (ECOTECT/ DAYSIM) OPTIMIZER (OPTIONAL) Near Window Center of Room Opposite Window B G R DuPont Color 28 (Red deficient) B G R B G R B G R DuPont Color 72 (Blue deficient) B G R B G R

14 Analysis PHOTOBIOLOGY RESEARCH PRESUMED SPECTRA CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION DESIGN DEFINITION ANALYSIS NON SIMULATION (ECOTECT/ DAYSIM) OPTIMIZER (OPTIONAL) SENSITIVIT Y INTENSITY THRESHOLD FUNCTION, INTENSITY, COLOR T CHART ILLUMINANCE GOAL (PER LUX BASIS) DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY FEEDBACK TIMING TEMPORAL MAPPING COMPARE

15 Results and Discussion Annual Circadian Stimulus vs. window/room layout distance to window orientation blind use DA [%] (190lux, 6:00am 6:00pm) 30% glazing North, No Blind 30% glazing South, Active Blind User 30% glazing South, Passive Blind User

16 Results and Discussion Temporal Circadian Stimulus vs. window/room layout distance to window orientation blind use Illuminance [lux] Light Exposure Advances Circadian Clock Light Exposure Has Little Effect on Clock Light Exposure Delays Circadian Clock Circadian System Highly Sensitive to Light Light Exposure Improves Alertness

17 Results and Discussion Temporal Circadian Stimulus vs. window/room layout distance to window orientation blind use Illuminance [lux] Light Exposure Advances Circadian Clock Light Exposure Has Little Effect on Clock Light Exposure Delays Circadian Clock Circadian System Highly Sensitive to Light Light Exposure Improves Alertness

18 Results and Discussion Temporal Circadian Stimulus vs. with additional variables: view direction urban mask wall reflectance DA [%] (190lux, 8:00am 4:00pm) Toward Toward-Right Right Right-Away Away Left-Away Left Toward-left

19 Connection to Design Decisions

20 Electric Lighting (Patient Room) Requirements Bright Close to eye MATERIAL P [%] 100% IMMATERIAL 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% A B C D E MATERIAL 0% Distance No. Lamps Indirect/Direct Perp./Parallel Color T

21 Daylighting: Patient Room Most influential factors 3 window size, glazing transmission external shades, distance to window 1,2 4 MATERIAL P [%] 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% IMMATERIAL 50% 40% A B C D E F G H J 30% 20% 10% MATERIAL 0% STREET BUILDING ORIENTATION EXTERNAL GLAZING WINDOW INTERIOR WINDOW INTERIOR WIDTH MASSING SHADES FRACTION TRANSMIT. BLINDS DISTANCE PAINT

22 Daylighting: Patient Room Most influential factors window size, glazing transmission external shades, distance to window surrounding obstructions 1 1 MATERIAL P [%] 100% 90% N 80% 70% 60% IMMATERIAL 50% 40% A B C D E F G H J 30% 20% 10% MATERIAL 0% STREET BUILDING ORIENTATION EXTERNAL GLAZING WINDOW INTERIOR WINDOW INTERIOR WIDTH MASSING SHADES FRACTION TRANSMIT. BLINDS DISTANCE PAINT

23 Daylighting: Boston Row House Apartments Dominant interior design parameters Occupant location when faces at least some of a window Paint reflectance when faces away from window Main Effect Calculation Toward Toward-right Right Away-right Away Away-left Left Toward-left 1. Floor Masking Orientation Room layout Blind usage Distance from window Paint color Generalization of specific views to moving around Approach chosen: use randomness of view directions over year

24 Conclusions New health relevant daylight metric developed based on Daylight Autonomy limited by current simulation methods Applied to study effects of design decisions effect of timing and illuminance limited by multitude of parameters to consider Quantifies one aspect of health environment link focus on alertness as proxy for health more unknowns than knowns in state of the art to be further developed as a method, not as recommendations (yet)