Chapter 22 Notes Lesson 1

Transcription

1 Chapter 22 Notes Lesson 1 The Facts About Alcohol 1) What is ethanol? The type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages 2) How is ethanol produced? Synthetically and naturally through the fermentation of fruits, vegetables, and grains 3) What is fermentation? The chemical action of yeast on sugars Immediate Effects of Alcohol Consumption 4) What is alcohol's effect on the central nervous system? It is a depressant that slows down the CNS Slows reaction time Impairs vision Clear thinking diminishes Good judgement diminishes Factors That Influence Alcohol Use 5) What are factors that influence alcohol use among teens? Peer pressure Family Media messages 6) How does media influence teen alcohol use? By the time you are in 9th grade, you have seen more ads for beer or wine than for any other product. 93% of the most popular movie rentals depicted alcohol use. 47% of songs mention alcohol. Advertising techniques 7) What are the advertising techniques of alcoholic companies? Spend billions on: Billboards Television Radio Magazines Newspapers Sporting events

2 Music concerts Art festivals Exhibits Alcohol's Role in Unsafe Situations 8) How is alcohol dangerous? Alcohol related motor vehicle accidents are the #1 cause of death and disability among teens Alcohol use is linked to: Drowning Fire Suicide Homicide 9) What are some facts about alcohol? 33% of suicides 50% of homicides 62% of assaults 68% of manslaughter cases 50% of head injuries 41% of traffic fatalities Over 50% of drownings Alcohol and the Law 10) What is the law with alcohol? Must be 21 to: Buy alcohol Possess alcohol Consume alcohol Alcohol, Violence, and Sexual Activity 11) How are alcohol and violence linked? More likely to be victims or perpetrators of violent crimes such as rape, aggrivated assault, and robbery. More likely to become involved in fights 12) How are alcohol and sexual activity linked? Alcohol impairs a person's judgement Alcohol lowers inhibitions Alcohol compromises moral standards Teens who use alcohol are more likely to become sexually active Teens who use alcohol are more likely to engage in unprotected sexual activity Higher rate of unplanned pregnancy, HIV, and STDs Negative mental and social consequences

3 Alcohol Abuse 13) How are teen affected by alcohol abuse? 25% of all youth is exposed to family alcohol abuse High risk for: Neglect Abuse Economic hardship Social isolation Using alcohol Alcohol and Extracurricular Activities 14) How are extracurricular activities affected by alcohol? Zero tolerance policy Ineligible Suspended Expelled Future in college Being Alcohol Free 15) How does being alcohol free help teens? Maintain a healthy body Make responsible decisions Avoid risky behavior Avoid illegal activities Strategies for Preventing Use of Alcohol 16) What is the best defense against using alcohol? Avoid situations where alcohol is present 17) What are secondary strategies that will help a teen stay alcohol free? Be assertive Refuse to drink Leave the situation quickly Practice refusal skills Chapter 22 Notes Lesson 2 Short-Term Effects of Drinking 18) What are the short-term effects of alcohol? These are different for each individual

4 Body size and gender - A smaller person feels the same amount of alcohol faster than a large person In general, alcohol moves into the bloodstream faster in females Females become intoxicated faster and stay that way longer because females have a higher percentage of body fat and less water. As a result alcohol is less diluted and has a stronger and more lasting effect. Also the enzyme that controls alcohol processing is 70% more effective in males. Food - Amount and rate of intake - Food in the stomach slows down the passage of alcohol into the bloodstream As the amount of alcohol increases, the level of alcohol in the bloodstream also rises When a person drinks alcohol faster than the liver can break it down, intoxication results When blood alcohol levels become too high, alcohol poisoning can occur 19) What are the short-term effects of alcohol on the nervous system? The brain becomes less able to control the body Movement, speech, and vision may be affected Thought processes are disorganized memory and concentration are dulled Judgement is altered Coordination is impaired 20) What are the short-term effects of alcohol on the cardiovascular system? Increase in heart rate and blood pressure At higher intake levels, heart rhythm becomes irregular Blood vessels expand Body temperature drops 21) What are the short-term effects of alcohol on the digestive system? Some alcohol passes quickly through the stomach into the bloodstream Stomach acid increases which can result in nausea and vomiting Toxic chemicals are released as the liver metabolizes alcohol The kidneys increase urin output which can lead to dehydration 22) What are the short-term effects of alcohol on the respiratory system? Carbon dioxide formed by the liver is released through the lungs Breathing may become slow, irregular, or stop

5 Alcohol and Drug Interactions 23) What is metabolism? The process by which the body breaks down substances 24) What is a multiplier effect? The medication has a greater or different effect than if it were taken alone 25) Why are interactions between medications and alcohol dangerous? Can lead to illness, injury, or death Alcohol-drug interactions are a factor in 25% of all emergency room admissions 26) What are typical alcohol-drug interactions? Alcohol slows down a drug's absorption by the body (Stays in body longer) May increase the metabolizing enzymes (Medications are broken down faster) Metabolizing enzymes can change some medications into chemicals that can damage the liver or other organs (Acetaminophen with alcohol can cause liver damage) Alcohol can increase the effects of some drugs (Can cause dizziness or sleepiness) Driving Under the Influence 27) What is blood alcohol concentration (BAC)? The amount of alcohol in a person's blood, expressed as a percentage 28) Why is drinking and driving dangerous? Drinking impairs vision Drinking lessens coordination Drinking slows reaction time Drinking slows reflexes Drinking reduces a person's ability to judge distances Drinking reduces a person's ability to judge speeds Drinking reduces a person's concentration Drinking and driving is the leading cause of death among teens 29) What is a DUI? (DWI)? Driving under the influence Driving while intoxicated 30) What is the BAC for a DUI for a teen? ) What is the BAC for a DUI for a person 21 years and older? 0.08 Consequences of DWI

6 32) What are the consequences for a teen caught driving while intoxicated or driving under the influence? Harm to the driver and others (Passengers should never drive with someone who has been drinking) Severely restricted driving privileges and/or immediate confiscation of a driver's license Alcohol-related injuries, property damage, and death Living with regret and remorse from these consequences Loss of parental trust and respect Arrest, jail time, court appearance, and a heavy fine or bail A police record and possible lawsuits Higher insurance rates - up to three times higher than those for nondrinking peers Binge Drinking 33) What is binge drinking? Drinking five or more drinks at one sitting (This is a problem for teens) Alcohol Poisoning 34) What are the symptoms of alcohol poisoning? Mental confusion, stupor, coma, inability to be roused, vomiting, and seizures Slow respiration - 10 seconds between breaths or fewer than 8 breaths a minute Irregular heartbeat Hypothermia, or low body temperature - pale or bluish skin color Severe dehydration from vomiting Comparing Beer, Wine, and Spirits 35) What is the difference between Beer, Wine, and Liquor? (SEE PG 571) 36) What should you do if a person exhibits any of these signs? Call 911 Chapter 22 Notes Lesson 3 Long-Term Effects of Alcohol on the Body 37) What are the long-term effects on the brain? Addiction - Inability to stop drinking Loss of brain functions - Loss of verbal skills, visual and spatial skills, and memory Brain damage - Excessive use can lead to brain damage and even to a reduction in brain size.

7 Moderate use can destroy brain cells. (The brain can regain some lost abilities over time if a person stops drinking) 38) What are the long-term effects on the cardiovascular system? Heart - Damage to the heart muscle Enlarged heart - from increased workload caused by alcohol High blood pressure - Damages the heart and can cause heart attack and stroke 39) What are the long-term effects on the liver? (SEE PG 574) Fatty liver - Fats build up in the liver and can't be broken down. Excess fat blocks the flow of blood to liver cells, leading to cell death. Alcoholic hepatitis - Inflammation or infection of the liver. Cirrhosis - Liver tissue is replaced with useless scar tissue. The disease can lead to liver failure and death unless a liver transplant is performed. 40) What are the long-term effects on the digestive system? Irritation - Digestive lining is damaged. Can lead to stomach ulcers and cancer of the stomach and esophagus. 41) What are the long-term effects on the pancreas? Lining of the pancreas - Swells to block the passage from the pancreas to the small intestine. Chemicals the small intestine needs for digestion can't pass through the blocked area. The chemicals begin to destroy the pancreas itself, causing pain and vomitting. Can lead to death. Alcohol During Pregnancy 42) Why is it dangerous for a pregnant female to drink alcohol? Alcohol passes from the mother's body into the fetus. The fetus's liver is not developed enough to process the alcohol As a result, there could be permanent damage to the fetus Risk of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) 43) What is fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)? A group of alcohol related birth defects that include physical and mental disorders Effects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) 44) What are the effects of fetal alcohol syndrome? Small head and deformities of face, hands, and feet Heart, liver, and kidney defects Vision and hearing problems Slow growth and coordination Difficulties with learning, attention, memory, and problem solving

8 Alcoholism 45) What is alcoholism? A disease in which a person has a physical or psychological dependence on drinks with alcohol 46) What is an alcoholic? An addict who is dependent on alcohol 47) What are the symptoms of alcoholism? Craving - a strong need or compulsion to drink Loss of control - Cannot limit drinking Physical dependence - When not drinking, may experience withdrawl symptoms such as: Nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety Tolerance - The need to drink increasingly greater amounts of alcohol to achieve the desired effect Health, family, and legal problems - Suffers injuries, DUI's, arguments, and poor relationships Factors Affecting Alcoholics 48) What are the factors that affect alcoholics? Growing scientific evidence suggests a genetic link to alcoholism Children of alcoholics are four times more likely to become alcoholics Family, friends, culture, peer pressure, availability of alcohol, and stress Stages of Alcoholism 49) What are the stages of alcoholism? Stage 1 - Abuse. Starts with social drinking Then to manage stress Begins to drink and become intoxicated regularly Blackouts and memory loss Begins to lie and make excuses Stage 2 - Dependence. Stage 3 - Addiction. Person is physically dependent on alcohol Alcohol is person's central focus Drinker tries to hide the problem Performance on the job, school, and home suffers Blames others for problems Drinking is the most important thing in a person's life Life is out of control, although person doesn't realize or acknowledge Effects on Family and Society 50) How many alcoholics are there in the United States? 14 million

9 51) How does alcohol effect family and society? About 40% of violent crimes are alcohol related (About 3 million) Two thirds of victims who encounter domestic violence reports that alcohol was a factor Nearly half of all homicide victims have alcohol in their bloodstreams 52) What is codependency? When people learn to ignore their own needs and focus their energy and emotions on the needs of the alcoholic Treatment for Alcohol Abuse 53) Can alcoholism be cured? No, but it can be treated 54) What is recovery? The process of learning to live an alcohol-free life 55) What are the steps to recovery? Step 1 - Admission. Step 2 - Detoxification. Step 3 - Counseling. Step 4 - Recovery. The person admits to having a drinking problem and asks for help The person goes through detoxification, a process in which the body adjusts to functioning without alcohol The person receives counseling to help learn to live without alcohol The person takes responsibility for own life 56) Where can you get help for alcohol abuse? Al-Anon / Alateen - Helps families and friends of alcoholics deal with and recover from the effects of living with an alcoholic Alcoholics Anonymous - Provides help for alcohol users of all ages National Association for Children of Alcoholics - Provides help for children of alcoholics National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information - National Drug and Treatment Referral Routing Service - Provides information about alcohol and other drugs Provides treatment referral and information about treatment facilities