Drug Trafficking and Abuse - Impediments to development - Akira Fujino United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
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1 Drug Trafficking and Abuse - Impediments to development - Akira Fujino United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
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3
4 Shanghai, 1909
5 Early days 1920s-30s
6 Century of Drug Control BACKGROUND 19th century: Opium epidemic in Asia, notably China; morphine abuse problem in USA; emergence of heroin : Massive increases in coca leaf exports from the Andean region (later from Java); emerging cocaine epidemic in the USA RESPONSE 1909: Shanghai Conference International Opium Commission 1912: The Hague: First International Opium Convention : International Drug Control under auspices of League of Nations 3 drug conventions (1925, 1931, 1936) International Drug Control under auspices of United Nations 1948: Protocol (synthetic opioids) 1953: Opium Protocol 1961: Single Convention (amended by Protocol in 1972) 1971: Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1988: UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1998: UNGASS: Political Declaration and Guiding Principles on Demand Reduction
7 Related UN Agencies Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (CCPCJ) Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
8 Opiates Opium Morphine Heroin
9 Cannabis CANNABIS
10 Coca/Cocaine
11 Amphetamine-Type Stimulants (ATS) Methamphetamine Amphetamine Ecstacy
12 Precursor chemicals
13 Opiates
14 Golden Triangle
15 Myanmar Thailand border
16 Global opium production, Other South-East Asia Afghanistan
17 Global heroin flows of Asian origins
18 Heroin trafficking from Afghanistan
19 Balkan Route and Northern Route Source: UNODC, 2010 World Drug Report, June 2010.
20 Cocaine
21 Coca in the Andean region Coca cultivation, 2008 (167,600 ha) 81,000 ha -18% 56,100 ha +4% 30,500 ha +6% Potential cocaine production, 2008 (845 tons)
22 Major trans-regional cocaine flows, 1998 and 2008 Source: UNODC, 2010 World Drug Report, June 2010.
23 Amphetamine-type Stimulants (ATS)
24 Locations of amphetamines manufacture and main trafficking routes Sources: UNODC, Annual Reports Questionnaire Data, UNODC, Individual Drug Seizure Database, other government sources.
25 Major methamphetamine trafficking routes out of Myanmar
26 Illicit methamphetamine laboratory Fiji 2004
27 Illicit methamphetamine laboratory Indonesia Factory Chemical Storage Area Undercover Agents live here for 6 months Main Road Chimneys Gates Factory Office N Barracks Break Area Prayer and Break Area
28 Precursor chemicals
29 Preventing diversion of precursor chemicals into illicit drug manufacture
30 Early cases of precursors used in illicit manufacture of amphetamine-type stimulants CANADA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA MEXICO GUATEMALA UNITED KINGDOM NETHERLANDS ALBANIA GERMANY YUGOSLAVIA MYANMAR RUSSIAN FEDERATION CHIINA HONG KONG SAR OF China INDIA INDONESIA Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine P P and 3,4 - MDP P AUSTRALIA
31 Acetic Anhydride: Diversity of trade flow
32 Seizures of precursor chemicals Acetic anhydride
33 Way forward
34 Cultivation of opium poppy Cultivation and Insurgency Insurgency in the South of the country 2008 Major activities of the Taliban
35 Sustainable Alternative Development
36 Acetic Anhydride Seizures (Source: Form D) 200, , , ,
37 Problem drug use reflected in treatment demand by region: late 1990s and 2008
38 For more information, please visit
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