Hepatic caecum of amphioxus and origin of vertebrate liver

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1 HEREDITAS (Beijing) , 32(5): ISSN 综述 DOI: /SP.J 文昌鱼肝盲囊与脊椎动物肝脏起源李红岩, 张士璀, 早期形态和胚胎学研究结果表明, 文昌鱼哈氏窝内柱和肝盲囊分别是脊椎动物脑垂体甲状腺和肝脏的同源器官文章总结了近年来有关文昌鱼肝盲囊与脊椎动物肝脏之间关系的研究成果, 揭示文昌鱼肝盲囊和脊椎动物肝脏具有同源性, 并证明文昌鱼中存在类似脊椎动物的 GH/IGF (Growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor) 和 TH/THR (Thyroid hormone/thyroid hormone receptor) 信号通路, 为脊椎动物肝脏起源于文昌鱼肝盲囊样结构提供了分子水平证据 : 文昌鱼 ; 肝盲囊 ; 肝脏起源 ; GH/IGF; TH/THR Hepatic caecum of amphioxus and origin of vertebrate liver LI Hong-Yan, ZHANG Shi-Cui Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao , China Abstract: Previous studies on morphology and embryology revealed that the Hatschek's pit, endostyle and hepatic caecum in amphioxus were homologous to the precursors of pituitary, thyroid and liver in vertebrates, respectively. Here, we summarize the recent advances on the relationship between amphioxus hepatic caecum and the vertebrate liver as well as the origin of growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) and thyroid hormone/thyroid hormone receptor (TH/THR) signal pathways, which will provide molecular support to the homology of amphioxus hepatic caecum to vertebrate liver. Keywords: amphioxus; hepatic caecum; origin of liver; GH/IGF; TH/THR, 1886, Kowalevsky ( ), ( ),, (missing link),, Kowalevsky, ( ) ( ), 5.5, [1],, ( ) [2, 3], ( 1), 收稿日期 : ; 修回日期 : 基金项目 : ( , , ) 作者简介 : (1975 ),,, hongyanli@ouc.edu.cn 通讯作者 : (1957 ),,,, sczhang@ouc.edu.cn

2 438 HEREDITAS (Beijing) 图 1 脊索动物演化关系 ( ) ( ) ( ) a b 2, 35,,,, 1, ( ) 2,,,,,, Hammar [4] 1898,,, :,,,, Hammar, Barrington [5], 1975, Welsch [6],,,,, (Vg) (AAT) (AT) (Pg) Han [7] Vg Liang [8, 9] Lun [10] AAT AT Pg Pg, AAT AT Pg,, S- (GST) B [11, 12], GST B, GST B

3 5 : 439 2,, 2 GH/IGF (Growth hormone, GH),,, GH GH, (Insulin-like growth factor, IGF) IGF (Prepro-insulin), IGF -, GH/IGF GH IGF, IGF IGF (IGF binding proteins, IGFBPs) IGFBPs,,,, (Hatschek s pit) [13], 80,, (Luteinizing hormone, LH) (Follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH) [14] (Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone A, GnRH-A) [15] [16] - β- (Human luteinizing hormone β, hlhβ) (Human chorionic gonadotrophin, hcg) [17] - (Gonadotropic hormone, GTH) [18],,, - GH/IGF, Guo [19] IGF, IGF, IGF, IGF, GHR GH/IGF ( 2),, GH, GH 3 TH/THR (Thyroid hormones; THs) T 4 T 3, THs, THs,, [20] THs [21~23], THs, THs (THRs) THRs, THRα THRβ THs THRs TH-THR,, T 3 C/EBP(CCAAT/enhancerbinding proteins) C/EBPα C/EBPβ [24~27] [28, 29] THs TH/THR, 1873, Müller , [30, :, T 3 T 31] 4 [32, 33] [5, 34]

4 440 HEREDITAS (Beijing) 图 2 GH/IGF 和 TH/THR 信号通路, GH, GHR, IGF, GH/IGF THS, TH, THR, C/EBP, TH/THR, GH IGF, GH/IGF TH, C/EBP, TH/THR Pax-8 Nkx2-1,,, Nkx2-1 AmphiNk2-1 Pax-2 Pax-5 Pax-8 AmphiPax-2/5/8 AmphiNk2-1,, 7 d, AmphiNk2-1 [35] AmphiPax-2/5/8,, AmphiPax-2/5/8, 7 d,, AmphiNk2-1 AmphiPax-2/5/8,, TH/THR, Wang [36] TH THR, T 4 T 3 TRIAC C/EBPα/β THR T 3 TRIAC TH/THR ( 2), THs THs (Thyroidstimulating hormone, TSH), THs,

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Study on current situation and development trends of domestic and foreign lead maximum level standards in food

5 1 Vol. 5 No. 1 2014 1 Journal of Food Safety and Quality Jan., 2014 邵 1, 懿 2, 王君 1, 吴永宁 1* (1., 100022; 2., 100021) 摘要 : 目的, 方法结果,, 结论,, 关键词 : ; ; ; Study on current situation and development trends