GCSE (9 1) Biology A (Gateway Science) J247/03 Paper 3, B1 B3 and B7 (Higher Tier)

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1 Oxford Cambridge and RSA GCSE (9 1) Biology A (Gateway Science) Paper 3, B1 B3 and B7 (Higher Tier) Year 11 Test Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes You must have: a ruler (cm/mm) You may use: a scientific or graphical calculator an HB pencil First name Last name Centre number Candidate number INSTRUCTIONS Use black ink. You may use an HB pencil for graphs and diagrams. Complete the boxes above with your name, centre number and candidate number. Answer all the questions. Write your answer to each question in the space provided. Additional paper may be used if required but you must clearly show your candidate number, centre number and question number(s). Do not write in the barcodes. INFORMATION The total mark for this paper is 90. The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ]. Quality of extended response will be assessed in the question marked with an asterisk (*). This document consists of 32 pages. DC (LK/TP) /3 OCR is an exempt Charity Turn over

2 2 SECTION A Answer all the questions. You should spend a maximum of 30 minutes on this section. 1 When a person goes from watching TV to reading a newspaper, the lenses in their eyes change shape. Ciliary muscle Lens shape A Contracts Fatter B Relaxes Fatter C Contracts Thinner D Relaxes Thinner Which row in the table describes what happens in the eye? Your answer 2 What feature allows red blood cells to transport the maximum amount of oxygen for the size of the cell? A B C D They are very small. They do not have a nucleus. They have a thin cell wall. They have little cytoplasm. Your answer 3 How many times does blood travel through the heart on one complete circuit of the human body? A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 Your answer

3 3 4 What happens to a red blood cell when it is placed in a solution of higher water potential than the cytoplasm? A B C D The cell absorbs water until it bursts. The cell absorbs water until it is turgid. The cell loses water and becomes flaccid. The cell loses water and shrinks. Your answer 5 Which plant response is a gravotropic response? A B C D Roots growing deeper into the ground Shedding of leaves Sugars moving through phloem vessels Water travelling through xylem vessels Your answer 6 Which row in the table describes the site of different processes in the kidney tubule (nephron)? Filtration Selective reabsorption Site of ADH action A Collecting duct Coiled regions Bowman s capsule B Coiled regions Bowman s capsule Collecting duct C Glomerulus Collecting duct Coiled regions D Glomerulus Coiled regions Collecting duct Your answer Turn over

4 7 How are embryonic stem cells different from adult stem cells in animals? 4 A B C D They are differentiated. They are undifferentiated. They can become any type of new cell. They can become some types of new cell. Your answer 8 In which conditions would transpiration occur the fastest? Light intensity Temperature Wind speed A Low Cold Low B High Cold High C Low Warm High D High Warm High Your answer 9 Severe allergic reactions cause reduced heart rate and blood pressure. Which hormone can be used to treat severe allergic reactions? A B C D Adrenaline Insulin Testosterone Thyroxine Your answer

5 10 Which of these is responsible for ripening bananas? 5 A B C D Auxin Ethene Gibberellin Light Your answer 11 Humans use plant hormones to control how plants grow. Which process does not involve humans using plant hormones? A B C D Increasing the rate of photosynthesis Root cuttings Seedless fruit production Selective weed killers Your answer Turn over

6 12 The graph shows the plasma levels of glucose, insulin and glucagon during a day. 6 Meal Meal Meal 1 Concentration (mmol / L) 2 Concentration (mmol / L) 3 Concentration (mmol / L) 8 Noon AM PM PM AM AM Which letter shows the correct labels for each plasma concentration in the graph? A B C D 1 = Glucagon 2 = Glucose 3 = Insulin 1 = Glucose 2 = Insulin 3 = Glucagon 1 = Insulin 2 = Glucagon 3 = Glucose 1 = Insulin 2 = Glucose 3 = Glucagon Your answer

7 7 13 Alcohol inhibits ADH production. Which statement best describes the effect of alcohol on the kidneys? A B C D Less ADH decreases the reabsorption of water so less urine produced. Less ADH decreases the reabsorption of water so more urine produced. Less ADH increases the reabsorption of water so less urine produced. Less ADH increases the reabsorption of water so more urine produced. Your answer 14 How many more molecules of ATP are produced by aerobic compared to anaerobic respiration? A 2 B 4 C 36 D 38 Your answer 15 Which row explains how FSH, LH and oestrogen interact in the menstrual cycle? FSH LH oestrogen A Stimulates oestrogen production Stimulates ovulation Inhibits FSH B Stimulates ovulation Stimulates oestrogen production Inhibits FSH C Stimulates oestrogen production Inhibits FSH Stimulates ovulation D Inhibits FSH Stimulates ovulation Stimulates oestrogen production Your answer Turn over

8 8 SECTION B Answer all the questions. 16 Two students do an experiment to investigate the sense of touch. They chose to test a fingertip and the back of the hand. Cork Mounted pin Pin head Fingertip This is the method they use: The two pin heads are set 5 mm apart Student A touches the fingertip of student B with one or both pins Student B says whether they felt one or two touches Student A records if the answer is right or wrong This is repeated a total of 15 times on the fingertips and 15 times on the back of the hand. The whole investigation is repeated with the pin heads set 10 mm apart. (a) Look at the table. It shows some of the results for student B. Part of body Distance between pinheads (mm) Percentage correct (%) Back of hand 5... Back of hand Fingertip 5 99 Fingertip 10 97

9 9 (i) When the pin heads were 5 mm apart and used on the back of the hand, student B was correct 9 times out of 15. Calculate the percentage of times student B was correct. Answer =... % correct (ii) Use the results to explain the difference between sensitivity on the back of a hand compared to the fingertip [2] (b) Suggest two ways the students could improve the design of the experiment.... [2] (c) Describe the route the impulses take to reach the brain and which part of the brain is interpreting them.... [3] Turn over

10 10 17 Scientists have worked out how to store digital files in DNA. Digital files such as a movie can be converted to a genetic file and stored as strands of DNA. The digital file s number code is translated into the four-letter genetic code A, T, C and G. Number code Genetic code A T C G (a) (i) number code Complete the DNA strand for the following number code DNA strand (ii) Complete the complementary strand of DNA that is attached to the strand that matches the number code. Complementary DNA strand

11 11 (b) Erwin Chargaff was an Austrian scientist. Chargaff discovered a rule about the proportion of each of the bases in DNA in all organisms. His work was important in helping Watson and Crick work out the base pairing of DNA. The data in the table shows information on the proportion of DNA bases in different organisms. Organism A to T ratio G to C ratio %GC %AT Octopus Chicken Rat Human (i) The percentage of A in octopus DNA is 33.2%. The percentage of T in octopus DNA is 31.6%. Calculate the A to T ratio in the octopus. Give your answer to 2 decimal places. Answer =... (ii) Is there strong evidence in the table for supporting a rule about the ratio proportions of bases in DNA? Explain your answer [2] Turn over

12 12 (iii) Watson and Crick s structure for DNA involved bases, sugars and phosphates. Describe how these substances are arranged in a DNA molecule [4] (c) Scientists have known how to make DNA for many years using enzymes, but it was a very slow process. In the early 1980s bacteria reproducing at very high temperatures around natural steam vents were discovered. These bacterial cells contained enzymes. Scientists can now make DNA using a much quicker method. Suggest why this quick method to make DNA became possible....

13 13 BLANK PAGE Question 18 starts on page 14 Turn over

14 14 18 Two students investigate the elasticity of blood vessels. Hook Mass carrier Clamp stand Ring of tissue Metre rule 10 g Masses Their method was to: Cut rings of animal blood vessels using a scalpel. Attach a ring of blood vessel A to the hook hung on the clamp stand. Attach a mass carrier to the bottom end of the ring. Record the original length of the ring of blood vessel with the mass carrier attached. Attach a 10 g mass and record the new length of the blood vessel ring. Remove the mass and record the length of the ring. Repeat with different amounts of mass added to the mass carrier. Repeat the experiment with a different blood vessel B. (a) Write down two safety precautions the students should consider in their investigation.... [2] (b) Look at the results for percentage change (%) in length for blood vessel A. Mass (g) Percentage change in length (%)

15 15 (i) The original length for 30 g mass was 2.3 cm and the new length was 2.9 cm. Calculate the percentage change (%) in length to complete the table. Answer =. [2] (ii) Plot the students results on the grid to show the percentage change (%) in length against mass. Draw a line of best fit. Percentage change in length (%) Mass (g) [4] Turn over

16 16 (c) The students found that: Blood vessel A returned to its normal length after the mass was removed Blood vessel B did not return to its normal length after the mass was removed Blood vessel B also had a smaller % change in length. Explain why these results occurred and why blood vessel A must be an artery and blood vessel B a vein.... [3]

17 17 BLANK PAGE Question 19 starts on page 18 Turn over

18 18 19 Look at the diagram of a human brain. P Q R (a) Name the parts labelled on the diagram Part P... Part Q... Part R... [3] (b) Which part of the brain P, Q or R has an endocrine function?...

19 19 (c)* The brain s functions can be studied in many different ways. These include: Effects of brain damage case studies Effects of electrical, chemical (magnetic) stimulation of the brain Measurement of electrical and chemical activity of the brain Computer-based brain scans (CAT and MRI scans). Discuss why investigating brain function is difficult and why some people do not agree with it.... [6] (d) When treating cancers in the liver, surgeons usually remove a small amount of tissue immediately surrounding the tumour, as well as the tumour itself. This improves survival rates from the cancer. Removing tissue around a brain tumour is not usually possible. Explain why.... [2] Turn over

20 20 20 Hashimoto s disease can be detected by a rise in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and low blood levels of the thyroid hormone, thyroxine. (a) Diseases cause symptoms. Look at the list of symptoms. Diarrhoea Feeling cold Fever Rapid heart rate Sickness Slowed heart rate Choose two symptoms someone with Hashimoto s disease would have [2]

21 (b) Look at the diagram. It shows the mechanism for controlling thyroxine production. 21 Anterior pituitary TSH (Thyroid Stimulation Hormone) Thyroid gland Thyroxine Target cells The thyroid gland stores large amounts of thyroid hormone. Hashimoto s disease destroys thyroid tissue and reduces the store of thyroid hormone. Explain why and suggest how the condition could be treated.... [4] Turn over

22 22 (c) Look at the graph. It shows how the normal acceptable levels of TSH (Thyroid Stimulation Hormone) in the blood are affected by age. 6 5 TSH levels (milliunits per litre) Upper Limit Lower Limit 1 0 < > 70 Age group (years) (i) Describe two trends shown in the graph [2] (ii) Hashimoto s disease is usually detected by high TSH levels in the blood. Explain why it is important for doctors to use the graph when diagnosing Hashimoto s disease [2]

23 23 (d) Write down two differences in the way information is transmitted in the endocrine system compared to the nervous system [2] Turn over

24 21 The apparatus below can be used to measure the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis. 24 Test-tube Gas collects here Pond plant Syringe Container of water Scale Air bubble in capillary tube Movable lamp (a) This apparatus is used in an investigation into the effect of light on the rate of photosynthesis. Identify the dependent and independent variables for this investigation. Dependent variable... Independent variable... [2] (b) Why is the container of water used?...

25 25 (c) What is the inverse square law and how could it be used in the investigation?... [2] (d) The graph shows factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis. Rate of photosynthesis Y 30 C 20 C X Light intensity (i) Which environmental factor is limiting the rate of photosynthesis at point Y on the graph?... (ii) Explain one reason for the increase in rate of photosynthesis between 20 C and 30 C [2] Turn over

26 26 (e) Photosynthesis is a two-stage process. Describe the two stages occurring during photosynthesis.... [2]

27 27 BLANK PAGE Question 22 starts on page 28 Turn over

28 28 22 Protein synthesis occurs inside cells. Transcription is the first stage and involves DNA and mrna. (a) Describe what happens during transcription.... [2] (b) Transcription takes place inside the nucleus. The second stage of protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm. What is the name of the second stage?... (c) Look at the table. It shows some triplet codes for mrna and the amino acids that they code for. Amino Acid Lysine Tyrosine Arginine Leucine Triplet of bases AAA UAU CGU CUU mrna CGU CGU GCC UAU UAU CCC GCC AAA UAU AAA (i) Identify one amino acid that can be found on the mrna strand above. (ii) Which type of amino acid is the most common in the mrna chain?

29 (d) The diagram shows what happens in the cytoplasm during protein synthesis mrna 1 2 A C C G G C G A U A A G ribosome Identify parts 1 to 3 in the diagram. Part 1 (triplet code on mrna) =... Part 2 (triplet code on trna) =... Part 3 (between amino acids) =... [5] Turn over

30 30 (e) The human haploid genome has base pairs. During DNA replication there is an overall error rate of per base pair. (i) Calculate how many errors in base pairs are introduced every time the genome is replicated. Answer =... errors [2] (ii) The error rate for transcription of mrna is 10 5 greater than DNA replication. Calculate the overall error rate per base pair for transcription of mrna. Answer =... per base pair [2] END OF QUESTION PAPER

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