DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (THE)

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1 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration Last Updated: Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size 1 Goitre prevalence (%) 2 Urinary iodine (µg/l) Distribution (%) Prevalence (%) TGP < >300 <100 Median Mean N National: SAC: Total B SAC by province: Bandundu B SAC by province: Bas-Congo B SAC by province: Equateur B SAC by province: Kasai-Occidental B SAC by province: Kasai-Oriental B SAC by province: Katanga B SAC by province: Kinshasa B National: SAC: Total B SAC by sex F SAC by sex M SAC by age B SAC by age B SAC by province: Bandundu B SAC by province: Bas-Congo B SAC by province: Equateur B SAC by province: Kasai-Occidental B SAC by province: Kasai-Oriental B SAC by province: Katanga B SAC by province: Kinshasa B L 1995 SAC by zone: Rutshuru B SAC by zone: Uvira B SAC by zones: Kalemie and Likasi B SAC by zone: Kalemie B SAC by zone: Likasi B SAC by zone: Rutshuru B SAC by zone: Uvira B SD Reference Notes General Line L PW by province: Bandundu F NS PW by province: Bas-Zaire F NS PW by province: Equateur F NS PW by province: Haut-Zaire F NS PW by province: Kasai F NS PW by province: Kivu F NS PW by province: Shaba F NS L 1989P Ituri Forest: Efe population: All: Total B NS

2 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration Last Updated: Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size 1 Goitre prevalence (%) 2 Urinary iodine (µg/l) Distribution (%) Prevalence (%) TGP < >300 <100 Median Mean L 1989P Efe population: All by sex F NS Efe population: All by sex M NS Efe population: SAC by sex F NS NS 0.0 Efe population: SAC by sex M NS NS 2.9 Efe population: Adults by sex and age F NS 13.4 Efe population: Adults by sex and age F NS NS 12.5 Efe population: Adults by sex and age M NS 10.9 Efe population: Adults by sex and age M NS NS 0.0 Ituri Forest: Lese population: All: Total B NS Lese population: All by sex M NS Lese population: All by sex F NS Lese population: SAC by sex F NS NS 47.2 Lese population: SAC by sex M NS NS 36.8 Lese population: Adults by sex and age F NS 66.2 Lese population: Adults by sex and age F NS NS 58.6 Lese population: Adults by sex and age M NS 25.8 Lese population: Adults by sex and age M NS NS 20.0 SD Reference Notes General Line L Ngbaka area: Pre-SAC B Ngbandi area: Pre-SAC B L North Kivu province: 3 villages: Women F North Kivu province: All: Total B NS All by sex F NS All by sex M NS Pre-SAC by sex F Pre-SAC by sex M SAC by sex F SAC by sex M Women by age F Women by age F Women by age F NS Men by age M Men by age M Men by age M NS

3 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration Last Updated:

4 NOTES Reference no 1095 General Notes: Cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size in 7 out of 11 provinces, 4 excluded due to war. UI measured in a subsample of 18% of the goitre sample. Reference no 3601 General Notes: Survey in 4 endemic zones in two regions (Kivu and Shaba), 3 primary schools surveyed in each zone; urinary iodine samples collected from children at each school. Reference no 1377 General Notes: Facility based study (antenatal clinics); sample comprised PW selected from 30 antenatal clinics in rural villages all over the country. Reference no 1396 General Notes: The study population consists of two population groups inhabiting the Ituri Forest living in close association with each other, the Lese, village-living Bantu population and the Efe, nomadic Bambuti; no description on sampling; as exact ages were not known with certainty for most of those surveyed, individuals were grouped into broad age-group categories; infants not included. Line note 1. Reference no 1393 General Notes: Baseline study of all preschool children in 50 villages (Ngbaka area and Ngbandi area) in the known endemic Northern Ubangi province; 82 children with obvious cretinism excluded from the study. Reference no 753 General Notes: Sample comprised subjects from 23 villages (west of Jomba) in North Kivu province, UI measured in subsample of women from 3 villages; UI expressed in µg/g creatinine, values reported in respective line note; prevalence of cretinism determined, values not included in the database. Line note 2 UI mean (SD): 10.9 (6.8) µg/g Cr

5 R E F E R E N C E S Reference 753 Reference 1095 Reference 1377 Reference 1393 Reference 1396 Reference 3601 Phillips DI, Lusty TD, Osmond C, Church D. Iodine supplementation: comparison of oral or intramuscular iodized oil with oral potassium iodide: a controlled trial in Zaire. International Journal of Epidemiology, 1988, 17 : Ntambwe K, Banea JP, Lebuki NL, Tusuku N, Mubiala U, Mfumungani M, Kamanda B, Nahimana D. Enqueta nationale sur la lutte contre les troubles dus a la carence en iode en République Démocratique du Congo. Kinshasa, Ministère de la Santé, Programme National de Nutrition PRONANUT, Ngo DB, Dikassa L, Okitolonda W, Kashala TD, Gervy C, Dumont J, Vanovervelt N, Contempre B, Diplock AT, Peach S, Vanderpas J. Selenium status in pregnant women of a rural population (Zaire) in relationship to iodine deficiency. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 1997, 2 : Van den Broeck J, Eeckels R, Van Loon H, Van Miert M, Vanderschueren-Lodeweyckx M. Growth of children in a iodine-deficient area in northern Zaire. Annals of Human Biology, 1993, 20 : Dormitzer PR, Ellison PT, Bode HH. Anomalously low endemic goiter prevalence among Efe pygmies. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 1989, 78 : WHO, UNICEF, ICCIDD. Review of findings from 7-country study in Africa on levels of salt iodization in relation to iodine deficiency disorders, including iodine induced hyperthyroidism. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1997

6 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES Reference 326 Reference 329 Reference 330 Reference 334 Reference 340 Reference 341 Reference 353 Reference 1395 Reference 1397 Reference 1398 Reference 1399 Reference 1406 Reference 1484 Reference 3676 Hauron D. Zaire plans IDD control. IDD Newsletter, 1988, 4 :7-8. Thilly CH, Delange F, Golstein-Golaire J, Ermans AM. Endemic goiter prevention by iodized oil: a reassessment. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1973, 36 : Thilly CH, Vanderpas J, Bourdoux P, Lagasse R, Lody D, Smitz J, Ermans A. Prevention of Myxedematous cretinism with iodized oil during pregnancy. In: Ui N, Torizuka K, Nagataki S, Miyai K, eds. Current problems in thyroid research. Proceedings of the Second Asia and Oceania Thyroid Association Meeting; 1982 Aug 19-22; Tokyo, Japan. Amsterdam, Excerpta Medica, 1983 : Vanderpas JB, Rivera-Vanderpas MT, Bourdoux P, Luvivila K, Lagasse R, Perlmutter-Cremer N, Delange F, Lanoie L, Ermans AM, Thilly CH. Reversibility of severe hypothyroidism with supplementary iodine in patients with endemic cretinism. New England Journal of Medicine, 1986, 315 : Ermans A, Tonglet R, Tshilembi MM, Pierre B. Control of iodine deficiency through oral administration of small doses of iodized oil. In: International Symposium on Environment, Genetics and Thyroid Disorders; 1989 March 5-8; New Delhi, India :45. Vanderpas JB, Contempre B, Duale NL, Goossens W, Bebe N, Thorpe R, Ntambue K, Dumont J, Thilly CH, Diplock AT. Iodine and selenium deficiency associated with cretinism in northern Zaire. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1990, 52 : Thilly C, Lagasse R, Roger D, Bourdoux P, Ermans AM. Impaired fetal and postnatal development and high prenatal death rate in a severe iodine deficient area. Canberra, Australian Academy of Science, Brown R, Seyfarth S, Brown RC. A twelve year follow-up of iodine deficiency in Bulape, Zaire. Annales de la Société Belge de Médecine Tropicale, 1989, 69 : Thilly CH, Delange F, Ramioul L, Lagasse R, Luvivila K, Ermans AM. Strategy of goitre and cretinism control in Central Africa. International Journal of Epidemiology, 1977, 6 : Delange F. Endemic goitre and thyroid function in Central Africa. Monographs in Paediatrics, 1974, 2 : Delange F, Ermans AM, Stanbury JB. Endemic cretinism in Idjwi Island (Kivu Lake, Zaire Republic). Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1972, 30 : Phillips DI, Osmond C. Iodine supplementation with oral or intramuscular iodized oil: a two-year follow-up of a comparative trial. International Journal of Epidemiology, 1989, 18 : Harrison TS, Downing D, Downing D, Koivunen DG, Seaton JF, Newswanger D, Sosethene. Goitre in Zaire. Assa, The African Island Mission Hospital/The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Surgery, Cornu A, Delpeuch F, Simondon F, Goma I, Massamba JP, Tchibindat F, Bailey KV. Enquête nutritionnelle en République du Congo: résultats de l'enquête nationale réalisée en 1987 [Nutrition survey in the Republic of the Congo: results from a national survey conducted in 1987]. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1991, 69 :

7 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES Reference 4614 Barclay DV, Mauron J, Blondel A, Cavadini C, Verwilghen AM, Van Geert C, Dirren H. Micronutrient intake and status in rural Democratic Republic of Congo. Nutrition Research, 2003, 23 :

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (THE)

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (THE) Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Anaemia The database on Anaemia includes data by country on prevalence of anaemia and mean haemoglobin concentration Last