Goitre prevalence (%) Grade 1. Grade 2. TGP < >300 <100 Median Mean

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1 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration Last Updated: Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size 1 Goitre prevalence (%) 2 Urinary iodine (µg/l) Distribution (%) Prevalence (%) TGP < >300 <100 Median Mean D 2003 Véligara department: SAC by area: Urban B Véligara department: SAC by area: Rural B Vélingara department: SAC by area: Urban B Vélingara department: SAC by area: Rural B Vélingara department: Women by area: Urban F NS Vélingara department: Women by area: Rural F NS Vélingara department: PW by area: Urban F NS Vélingara department: PW by area: Rural F NS L 1999P Casamance area: 6 villages: All B Casamance area: 6 villages: All B L 1997 Bambey, Kebemer and Koungheul: SAC B S Tambacounda and Casamance regions: All: Total B Tambacounda and Casamance regions: PW F NS All by region: Tambacounda urban B All by region: Tambacounda rural B All by department: Bakel B All by department: Goudiry B All by department: Kedougou B All by department: Kolda B All by department: Sédhiou B All by department: Velingara B All by department: Zinguinchor urban B All by department: Zinguinchor rural B Tambacounda and Casamance regions: All: Total B SAC/Adolescents by sex and age F SAC/Adolescents by sex and age M Women by age F Women by age F Men by age M Men by age M All by region: Tambacounda B NS 33.5 All by region: Casamance B NS 23.4 All by department: Bakel B All by department: Goudiry B All by department: Kedougou B SD Reference Notes General Line

2 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration Last Updated: Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size 1 Goitre prevalence (%) 2 Urinary iodine (µg/l) Distribution (%) Prevalence (%) TGP < >300 <100 Median Mean S All by department: Kolda B All by department: Sédhiou B All by department: Tambacounda rural B All by department: Tambacounda urban B All by department: Velingara B All by department: Zinguinchor urban B All by department: Zinguincho rural B D 1992 Bakel and Kedougou departments: All: Total B NS Pre-SAC B SAC B Adolescents B Adults B NS All by department: Bakel B NS All by department: Kedougou B NS All by arrondissement: Badafassi B NS All by arrondissement: Baila B NS All by arrondissement: Kidira B NS All by arrondissement: Saraya B NS SD Reference Notes General Line L 1987 Adults by village: 1 B NS Adults by village: 2 B NS Adults by village: 3 B NS 57 7 Adults by village: 4 B NS Adults by village: 5 B NS Adults by village: 6 B NS Adults by village: 7 B NS Velingara area: 7 villages: Adults B NS Women F NS Men M NS Adults by village: 1 B NS Adults by village: 2 B NS Adults by village: 3 B NS Adults by village: 4 B NS Adults by village: 5 B NS Adults by village: 6 B NS Adults by village: 7 B NS

3 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration Last Updated:

4 NOTES Reference no 5128 General Notes: Multi-stage cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size, stratified by urban/ rural strata; sample comprised of randomly chosen households within randomly selected census districts in the department of Vélingara in Kolda region; this area selected because it is poor and suffer from more malnutrition than other regions in Sénégal; urinary iodine measured only in a subsample. Reference no 1563 General Notes: Sample comprised subjects belonging to 2 ethnic groups, Peuhl and Diahanke from 6 villages in Casamance area; no selection criteria were used other than consent and availability; goitre investigated by ultrasonography, values not included in the database. Line note 1 UI <50 µg/l: 95.7% Reference no 5129 General Notes: Multi-stage cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size based on census districts; sample comprised SAC from 3 health districts: Bambey, Kebemer and Koungheul; baseline values of intervention project. Reference no 5282 General Notes: Random cluster sampling in the region of Casamance (Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda and Ziguinchor) and Sénégal Oriental (Tambacounda region); same survey reported in references No. 1562, 1564 and Reference no 382 General Notes: Sample comprised subjects selected from the departments of Bakel and Kedougou, Tambacounda region. Reference no 1565 General Notes: Sample comprised adults from 7 villages located km south of Velingara in the eastern Casamance; urinary iodine expressed in µmol/l; values converted to µg/l by multiplying values in µmol/l with factor 127 (molar weight I 127). Line note 2 Mean age 35.5 years.

5 Reference 382 Reference 1563 Reference 1565 Reference 5128 Reference 5129 Reference 5282 R E F E R E N C E S Ministère de la Santé Publique. Projet de lutte contre l'endémie goitreuse dans la région de Tambacounda - Résultats d'enquête Smyth PP, Darke C, Parkes AB, Smith DF, John R, Hetherton AM, Lazarus JH. Assessment of goiter in an area of endemic iodine deficiency. Thyroid, 1999, 9 : Lazarus JH, Parkes AB, John R, N'Diaye M, Prysor-Jones SG. Endemic goitre in Senegal-thyroid function etiological factors and treatment with oral iodized oil. Acta Endocrinologica, 1992, 126 : Micronutrient and Health (MICAH). Rapport de l'enquête de base du programme MICAH 2 dans le district sanitaire de Velingara. Senegal, Canadian International Development Agency, Vision Mondiale Sénégal, Le Project MICAH. Rapport de l'enquête finale de project santé et lutte contre les deficiences en micronutrient (MICAH). Sénégal, Canadian International Development Agency, Dillon JC, Sall G, Ciornei G, Faivre D, Monnerie F, Fouere T, Chevalier P. Prevalence de la carence en iode et du goitre endemique au Senegal oriental et en Casamance. Médecine d'afrique Noire, 2000, 47

6 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES Reference 328 Reference 333 Reference 339 Reference 1562 Reference 1564 Reference 1633 Reference 2656 Reference 4866 Reference 4890 Reference 5739 Ingenbleek Y. Thyroid dysfunction in protein-calorie malnutrition. Nutrition Reviews, 1986, 44 : Ingenbleek Y, Luypaert B, De Nayer P. Nutritional status and endemic goiter. Lancet, 1980, 1 : Lazarus JH, Parkes AB, John R, Howells R, Diyae MN, Prysor-Jones SG. Endemic goitre in South East Senegal. Treatment with oral iodised oil. In: International Symposium on Environment, Genetics and Thyroid Disorders; 1989 March 5-8; New Delhi, India :49. Dillon JC, Milliez J. Reproductive failure in women living in iodine deficient areas of West Africa. BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2000, 107 : Dillon JC, Faivre D, Ciornei G, Sall G. La consommation de manioc n'intervient pas dans la genèse du goitre endémique en zone rurale sénégalaise [The consumption of cassava is not responsible for the etiology of endemic goiter in rural areas in Senegal]. Santé, 1999, 9 : SANAS, ORSTOM Nutrition. Enquête sur la prévalence des troubles dus à la carence en iode dans la région de Tambacounda, novembre 1995-avril 1996 [Survey on the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders in the Tambacounda region, November 1995-April 1996]. Dakar, SANAS, ORSTOM Nutrition, Yaou Darey G, Ndiaye AM. L'endémie goitreuse dans le Département de Velingara: ORANA (Organisme de Recherches sur l'alimentation et la Nutrition Africaines). Dakar,. Ministère de l'economie et des Finances, Direction de la Prévision et de la Statistique, UNICEF. Sénégal - Rapport de l'enquête sur les objectifs de la fin de décennie sur l'enfance (MICS-II-2000) [Senegal - Survey report on the end of decade children goals (MICS-II-2000). Dakar, Direction de la Prévision et de la Statistique, Sall G, Ndiaye O, Gueye BM, Dioh M, Dillon JC, Kuakuvi N. Retentissement de la carence iodée chez les adolescentes enceintes dans une zone d'endémie goitreuse et leurs nouveau-nés: le cas de Sedhiou (Sénégal). Médecine d'afrique Noire, 2000, 47 : Salif N, Ayad M. Enquête Démographique et de Santé au Sénégal Calverton, Maryland, Centre de Recherche pour le Développment Humain [Sénégal] et ORC Macro, 2006.

MADAGASCAR. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)

MADAGASCAR. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Anaemia The database on Anaemia includes data by country on prevalence of anaemia and mean haemoglobin concentration Last