Impact of a proposed activity on people lives and work in the area Culture- group of people who share common values that are reflected in a set of

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2 focus Impact of a proposed activity on people lives and work in the area Culture- group of people who share common values that are reflected in a set of rules and standards that defines that defines their behaviour Society-occupy specific location and share common lifestyle

3 Roots Social science theory, techniques and methods used to identify direct and indirect impacts on men and women Requires Appropriate data and information

4 examples of information required.. Attitude and opinions Community services Demographic structures Economic activities Education levels Employment Heritage value important to the people Housing standards Labour force and available skills

5 Issues 1. Identify the social concern- e.g. health, education, time and leisure 2. Identify the issue 3. Identify the Indicator

6 Percent Distribution of Population by Sex 52% 48% Male Female Inter-Censal Demographic Survey, ZIMSTATS 2008

7 Percent Distribution of Population by Province and Sex Bulawayo Harare Masvingo Midlands Matabeleland South Matabeleland North Mashonaland West Mashonaland East Mashonaland Central Manicaland Female Male Inter-Censal Demographic Survey, ZIMSTATS 2008

8 Percent Distribution of Population by Rural/Urban Sector 29% 71% Urban Rural Inter-Censal Demographic Survey, ZIMSTATS 2008

9 Poverty Incidence Female headed Male headed 10 0 Very Poor Poor Non-Poor Poverty Assessment Study Survey, MPSLSW 2003

10 Poverty Incidence The Total Consumption Poverty Line for a family of five as at April 2012 stood at US$539,00 ZIMSTATS 2011

11 Health Maternal Health: According to the MOHCW Maternal and Perinatal Mortality Study, 2007, the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) currently stands at 725: and is now 960 (Demographic Health survey -2012)

12 Health The leading causes of maternal deaths : Cardiac disease Suicide Ectopic pregnancy Obstructed labour Malaria Abortion complication Puerperal sepsis Hypertension/Eclampsia Postpartum haemorrhage AIDS defining conditions

13 Health HIV and AIDS Zimbabwe HIV & AIDS estimates 2009; - 1,1m Zimbabweans were living with HIV and AIDS - HIV prevalence 13,7% - 1,090 patients dying weekly due to AIDS related illness

14 Health 8 HIV Prevalence in Adults aged Males Females

15 Health

16 Education Zimbabwe s adult literacy rate of 86% makes it the second highest in Africa However, women constitute 60% of the illiterate population in Zimbabwe

17 Education Population Age 3 Years and Above by Age Group, Sex and Highest Level of Education Completed Tertiary Secondary Primary No education Female Male

18 Education Enrolment at 13 Universities in Zimbabwe, , MHTE

19 Education Enrolment at Teacher s Colleges in Zimbabwe, , MHTE

20 Education Enrolment Rates at Grade 7, O and A level in Zimbabwe, MOESAC, 2010

21 Education: Enrolment at 13 Universities in Zimbabwe,

22 Employment Percent Distribution of Economically Active Persons by Sex and Activity, ICDS 2008 Looking for work Unpaid family worker Own account worker Employer Paid employee Females Males

23 Employment Percent Distribution of Economically Inactive Persons by Sex and Activity, ICDS Student Homemaker Retired/sick/too old Males Females Other Total

24 Employment Mining Of the 25,000 small scale miners in Zimbabwe, it is estimated that approximately 15% are women (Report on the Economic Empowerment of Women in Mining Study, 2011)

25 Land

26 BASIC SERVICES

27 Politics and Decision Making-Women in Politics Rural Councilors 19% Urban Councilors 18% Ministers 20% Senators 33% MPs 14% Ref: 2011 Barometer-Gender Links

28 Decision Making Director s, 33% Principa l Director Deputy Director s, 28% Perm. Secs., 26% WOMEN & PUBLIC SERVICES SECTOR Commis sioners (PS), 67% Women in Politics Rural Councillors, 19% Ministers, 20% Deputy Ministers, 9% Urban Councillors, 18% Senators, 33% Members of Parl. 14%

29 WOMEN IN TOP RANKING POSITIONS IN ZIMBABWE:TORWARDS 50/50 SADC GENDER PROTOCOL TARGET POSITION NAME DURATION Vice President Joyce Mujuru 2005 to date Deputy Prime Minister Thokozani Khupe 2009 to date Senate President Edna Madzongwe 2005 to date Deputy Speaker of the House of Assembly Hon N.H. Khumalo 2009 to date Judge President (High Court) Justice Rita Makarau Magistrates, 41% Admin. Court Presidents, 42% Judges (High) and Supreme, 29% Labour Court President, 50% Lt. General, 0 Major General, 0 Brigadier General, 0 Colonel, 7% Chief Inspector, 10% Lieutenant, 17% Captain, 3% Lt Colonel, 6% Superintendent, 15% Chief Superintendent, 17% Deputy Commissioner, 25% Senior Assistant Commissioner, 18% Major, 4% Asst. Commissioner, 18% Women In The Zimbabwe Defence Women in Police force

30 Women Diplomats/Ambassadors 2nd Secretaries, 40% Ambassador Head of Mission, 30% Statistics on Women in Politics and Decision Making Positions Counsellors/ Accountants, 10% Minister Counsellors, 17% Consul Generals, 0% Air Marshal, 0 Flight Lt, 16% Air Vice Air Marshal, 0 Commodore, 0 Group Captain, 5% Wing Commander, 13% Squadron Leader, 9% Principal Prison Officer, 17% Women In Air force Of Zimbabwe Chief Prison Officer, 14% Asst. Commissione r, 50% Superintenda nt, 19% WOMEN IN PRISON Chief SERVICES Women Superintenda in prison service nt, 6% Ministry Of Women Affairs, Gender & Community Development

31 GENDER IS AN ISSUE IN ZIMBABWE Zimbabwe Committed to gender equality through Ratification of the SADC Gender and development protocol- section 32 (Gender budgeting) Signed the CEDAW and the African Charter Committed to the MDG- prioritised 1,3 and 6 Gender is one of the Cross-cutting themes for government planning and budgeting (including eradication of corruption and HIV and AIDS)

32 KEY GENDER CONCEPTS GENDER- different social roles, responsibilities and identities of women and men and the power relations between men and women Gender roles and relations differ across countries and cultures and may even differ amoung different groups in one society Gender roles and relations are not static, but subject to change

33 What is a Gender Issue? GENDER ISSUE A gender issue is a statistical or social indicator of inequality between males and females due to discrimination and/or marginalization within society. Such issues can arise out of three areas: access to resources, management of resources, and control of and benefits from resources. For any subject or area, one needs to identify if there is any constraint that is hindering women as well men from either accessing or benefiting from resources equally. It is from knowing the causes that one can get the solution to that particular problem.

34 GENDER ISSUE Gender issues arise from the different treatment of individuals or groups of people on the basis of social expectations about women and men which can mean gender discrimination, oppression and subordination. The gender gaps resulting from these practices become the `gender issues. Gender issues also arise when gender roles involve unequal burdens of work and unequal distribution of resources.

35 Gender mainstreaming It is the integration of gender perspectives and gender analysis into all stages of the project cycle- design, implementation, evaluation and in policies and programmes Recognises differences exist in men s and women s lives therefore our needs, experiences and priorities are different;

36 Gender equality is defined in many different ways. One way to approach this concept is by breaking it down into five main components: rights opportunities value situation and outcome agency

37 Children have needs too

38 Not to be left out!- women club representatives

39 Reaching all groups-men and women living with HIV and AIDS

40 THANK YOU