Gender statistics in Albania

Transcription

1 Gender statistics in Better Data to Better Monitor the Status of Women in Informal Employment, Unpaid Work and Work in Rural Areas and Agriculture Joint ILO Data2X Roundtable discussion to review actions underway and next steps Geneva, 1 2 October 2013, ILO Conference Room III Pranvera Elezi pelezi@instat.gov.al Background Male and Female in first publication in Some information by sex disaggregation was available, but it was not sufficient to understand if there were gender differences and what nature of these differences. There were a lack of gender culture in data production, and the focus was mainly on the technical aspects while social aspects were left behind. has started its efforts to produce gender statistics in a different approach by considering gender instead of women development approach. Different national surveys are conducted upon the request of international organizations (UNIFEM, UNFPA, UNICEF, etc.) with special focus on gender issues (MICS, Domestic violence, Time Use Survey, Demographic and Health Survey, etc.) 2

2 Gender Statistics Legal Frame The existing Law on Official Statistics in does not specify the production and dissemination of gender statistics. The n law on Equal Opportunities outlines the data collection disaggregated by sex. The National Set of Harmonized Gender Indicators INSTAT in the Official Statistical Programme (OSP) has introduced a stand alone module on gender statistics. Prior the compiling of OSP, a national workshop was jointly organised by INSTAT with UN Women and Ministry of Social Welfare and Youth, aimed to discuss gender statistics development in and the integration of a set of indicators in the programme. 3 Main data sources for measuring informal employment, unpaid work and work in agriculture Labour Force Surveys Time Use Survey Living Standard Measurement Surveys Census of Agriculture Holdings

3 Labour Force Survey Women aged by activity status, Men aged by activity status, % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Employees Self employed Contributing family workers Unemployed Not in the labour force Employees Self employed Contributing family workers Unemployed Not in the labour force n women are nearly twice as likely as men to be employed as contributing family workers informal employment or vulnerable jobs. Women are less likely to be employees or self employed compared to men. 5 Time Use Survey The use of time in is highly gender related as to work and free time. 100% n Women aged 20 74, weekdays 100% n Men aged 20 74, weekdays 90% 90% 80% 80% 70% 70% 60% 60% 50% 50% 40% 40% 30% 30% 20% 20% 10% 10% 0% Hour 0% Hour Paid work & study Unpaid work Eating Sleeping and Personal Care Free time TV Women spend significantly more time than men in unpaid work, both as to hours and minutes and with reference to the proportion carrying out unpaid work on an average day. Men spend significantly more time than women in paid work, both as to hours and minutes and in terms of the proportion undertaking paid work on an average day. 6

4 TUS comparative analyses Total work, pop years hh:mm 07:27 07:24 07:22 07:10 07:42 07:22 08:15 08:04 07:16 06:45 08:16 07:33 06:28 Source: n Time Use Survey , and HETUS ( On an average day ns spend 7 hours and 27 minutes performing any paid or unpaid work. Compared to other countries ns seem to spend more or less the same hours and minutes doing paid and unpaid work. 7 Paid and unpaid work, pop :54 03:39 03:52 03:37 03:34 03:25 04:28 04:40 03:25 03:00 04:06 03:21 02:48 03:32 03:45 03:30 03:33 04:07 03:58 03:46 03:22 03:51 03:45 04:10 04:12 03: Paid work Unpaid work Source: n Time Use Survey , and HETUS ( n spend more or less the same time as other countries doing paid and unpaid work 8

5 Gender differences in time use compared to other European countries 00:13 00:31 00:37 00:46 00:48 00:52 00:52 00:58 00:58 01:00 01:01 01:01 01:04 Core domestic activities, pop Men Women 04:28 03:54 03:12 02:22 03:21 02:27 03:13 02:28 02:00 02:52 02:37 03:09 02: Source: n Time Use Survey , and HETUS ( There is a substantial difference in the gender division of domestic work in all countries. The average amount of time women spend on unpaid work is significantly higher in than elsewhere, while men spend on average only 13 minutes doing unpaid work. 9 Hours of total work. Married/cohabiting women and men with small children under seven Women Men 07:59 10:24 09:22 09:13 09:04 08:34 09:04 09:40 09:21 09:58 09:25 09:46 09:21 10:00 09:19 09:16 09:13 10:00 08:37 08:18 08:54 10:06 08:01 08:54 08:00 08: Source: n Time Use Survey , and HETUS ( Married/cohabitating persons with small child under 6 years old 10

6 Average time spend on Unpaid work by married/cohabitating women and men with small children under seven 00:58 02:07 02:34 01:55 02:16 03:19 03:10 03:09 03:46 02:42 03:04 03:06 02:28 07:52 07:24 05:37 06:24 06:55 06:43 07:00 06:03 06:58 05:48 07:27 06:31 08:25 Women Men Source: n Time Use Survey , and HETUS ( Regarding to the unpaid work activities there are distinct consequences of having small children on n women s time use. 11 Time use structure by sex and age The gender related division of labour and free time continues to prevail as people grow older, even though at a reduced level. The three different periods of life have similar patterns of time use gender disparities related to the unpaid work and free time activities, while the time spent for study seems to not be affected by the gender factor Men Women Men Women Boys Girls Hours Paid work Unpaid work Free time Study Personal activities Other Source: n Time Use Survey

7 Issues to deal with for a better use of statistics Should gender statistics be Demand driven or Supply driven? Inadequate use of existing data TUS offers a rich source of information on gender disparities in everyday life activities. After the launch of main results there is not any reflection in changing the curricula in educational system, or in the awareness increasing of the society through campaigns or other means, or in the national accounts to estimate the impact of unpaid work in the economy, etc. Sustainability Lack of systematic data collection on gender inequality because of the high cost of conducting stand alone surveys such as time use survey. Need for a better coordination between users and producers of statistics Different household bases surveys collect data on the same topic with differences in their methodologies need to harmonize the methodology for the common topics. Informal employment is not fully covered by LFS need to design ad hoc modules to be attached to the LFS questionnaire on regular basis (in an agreed quarter). 13 Other challenges to be addressed How can the best practices on gender statistics production and dissemination of other countries be effectively transferred between countries? Is INSTAT able to guarantee with its own resources gender statistics without a law that prevent it from financial cuts? Is it necessary to have a law on gender statistics? Do surveys and the definitions used in the data collection consider the differences between men and women (stereotypes)? Do the ways in which data are collected and disseminated by national institute of statistics put men and women in the same level, and do they serve to the emerging necessities on a political level? 14

8 Thank you for your attention!