REPUBLIC OF KOREA 382 COUNTRY HEALTH INFORMATION PROFILES 1. CONTEXT. 1.1 Demographics. 1.2 Political situation. 1.3 Socioeconomic situation

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1 1. CONTEXT 1.1 Demographics The population of the Republic of Korea, as of 2008, was , with a population density of 488 persons per square kilometre. The Republic saw its population grow by an annual rate of 3% during the 1960s, but growth slowed to 2% over the next decade. In 2009, the rate stood at 0.31% and it is expected to decline further, to 0.02%, by A notable trend in the population structure is that it is getting increasingly older. In 2008, it was estimated that 10.3% of the total population was 65 years or older, while those aged 15 to 64 years of age accounted for 72.3%. In the 1960s, the country's population distribution formed a pyramid shape, with a high fertility rate and relatively short life expectancy. However, age-group distribution is now shaped more like a bell because of the low fertility rate and extended life expectancy. Youths (15 and younger) will make up a decreasing portion of the total by 2020, while senior citizens (65 and older) will account for some 15.6% of the total. In recent years, a low fertility rate has emerged as a serious social challenge. The total fertility rate dropped from 4.53 in the 1970s to 1.2 in 2008, among the lowest in member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The Government is working to tackle the issue by establishing comprehensive plans to create family-friendly workplace environments and bolster childcare policies. 1.2 Political situation The tension between the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea continues to play a major role in life and decision-making on the Korean peninsula. In 2008, inter-korean relations went through an adjustment of mutual benefit and common prosperity. Since October 2008, however, North Korea has intensified its intimidation against the South, particularly with a threat to cut-off all inter-korean relations. Nonetheless, exchanges and cooperation between the two Koreas, led by the private sector, have continued to grow steadily. There were cross-border travellers in 2008 and the volume of trade between the two countries was US$ 1.8 billion, a 17.3% and 1.2% increase, respectively, when compared with the previous year. In addition, the Government of the Republic of Korea continued to provide aid to the Democratic People's Republic through NGOs (amounting to Won 16.4 billion [US$ 12.7 million]) and international organizations, including WHO and the United Nations Children s Fund (UNICEF), (amounting to US$ 16 million), to support their programmes in the Democratic People's Republic in such areas as rural development, public health, medical services, and social welfare. 1.3 Socioeconomic situation Over the past few decades, the Republic of Korea has transformed itself from an agrarian society to an industrialized nation. The Government has been making efforts to upgrade living standards through a vigorous programme of reforms in education, housing, social welfare and the environment. In 2007, the gross domestic product (GDP) was US$ billion, and the per capita gross national income (GNI) was US$ The employment structure has undergone remarkable changes since the beginning of industrialization in the early 1960s. In 1960, workers in the agricultural, forestry and fishery sectors accounted for 63% of the total labour force. However, that figure had dropped to 7.3% by By contrast, the share of the tertiary industry (service sector) grew from 28.3% of the total labour force in 1960 to 75.0% in Along with the country's success in economic development, the overall health of Koreans has improved significantly over the past three decades. In 1960, the life expectancy was 51 years for males and 54 for 382 COUNTRY HEALTH INFORMATION PROFILES

2 females. These figures had increased to 76.1 for males and 82.7 for females by The infant mortality rate has likewise declined sharply, as has maternal mortality. Korean women today are actively engaged in a wide variety of fields and are making significant contributions to society. Recently, women have been making major inroads in some areas, particularly in the government sector. For example, the number of female Members of Parliament has increased considerably: there were 16 (5.9%) in the 16 th National Assembly ( ) but that number has increased to 43 (14.4%) in the 18 th National Assembly ( ). Recently, the Republic of Korea has been in a temporary economic recession as a result of the global financial crisis. The Government is taking a variety of policy steps to prevent the economic slump from threatening the lives and health of the population. As part of the safety net for those with low incomes who are hit hardest in difficult times, the Government has decided to expand support for the poor. In 2009, an additional billion won (US$ million) of subsistence, housing and medical benefits was awarded to the 1.7 million recipients of the National Basic Livelihood Security System. Moreover, the Government has provided billion won (US$ 79 million) in emergency support for those who have fallen into poverty temporarily due to closure and suspension of businesses or loss of jobs. Subsistence benefits amounting to around billion won (US$ 324.4) have been provided to households of low-income-earners who are unable to work. 1.4 Risks, vulnerabilities and hazards With one of the world s lowest fertility rates and fastest ageing populations, the Republic of Korea saw its total fertility rate drop to 1.26 in 2007, about half the replacement rate. The country became an ageing society (7% of the population old) in 2000 as a result of low fertility and prolonged life expectancy and is expected to become an aged society (14% of the population old) by 2018 and a super-aged society (20% of the population old) by It took France 115 years to move from an ageing to an aged society and 40 years to move from an aged to a super-aged society, while it took 72 and 16 years, respectively in the United States of America, and 24 and 14 years in Japan. Considering such examples, 18 and 8 years for the Republic of Korea would be the world s shortest transition. The rapid population ageing is causing concern regarding sustainable development as it will reduce the economically active population, hold back economic growth, narrow the tax base, and lead to tensions between generations. 2. HEALTH SITUATION AND TREND 2.1 Communicable and noncommunicable diseases, health risk factors and transition Changes in socioeconomic structures and lifestyles, as well as improvements in health and medical care, have drastically changed the leading causes of death in the Republic of Korea. In the past, the main causes of mortality were acute and communicable diseases, but these have been replaced by chronic and noncommunicable diseases. The incidence of noncommunicable disease began to rise in the 1980s, and, in 2008, the 10 leading cases of death included malignant neoplasms (cancer), cerebrovascular diseases, heart diseases, suicides, diabetes, chronic lower respiratory diseases, transport accidents, liver diseases, pneumonia and hypertensive diseases. These 10 causes of death accounted for 70.4% of all deaths. The prevalence rates of major noncommunicable diseases are also high. For example, the prevalence rates for high blood pressure and diabetes stood at 25.6% and 9.7%, respectively, in The growing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases is considered to be largely attributable to rapid population ageing, increases in obesity and overweight, a decrease in physical activity, and an increased smoking population. COUNTRY HEALTH INFORMATION PROFILES 383

3 According to a 2005 study, a high proportion of adults were obese (BMI 25), 35.2% of males and 28.3% of females, and childhood obesity almost doubled from 6.8% in 1998 to 12% in Lack of physical activity was found to be a serious problem, with only 38% of adults aged 19 and older engaging in moderate levels of physical activity on a regular basis. Thanks to strong smoking-control policies, the male smoking population dropped drastically from 67.4% to 46.6% in 2008, but it is still the second highest percentage in the world. Youth smoking stood at a high level of 14.1% in 2006 and the age of starting smoking fell from 15 in 1998 to 12 in 2006, indicating a serious smoking problem among the country s young people. While per capita alcohol consumption, which is increasing steadily, was 8.1% in 2005, a trend towards heavy drinking and a high death rate due to alcohol are troubling the nation. The annual socioeconomic costs attributable to alcohol drinking were estimated to amount to 2.9% of GDP: 38.8% for reduction of productivity, 26.9% for loss of the workforce, 22.2% for alcoholic beverages, 5.3% for direct medical costs, 2.3% for loss of productivity, 1.9% for direct non-medical costs, 1.5% for administration costs and 1.0% for loss of property. 2.2 Outbreaks of communicable diseases With vaccination and improved hygiene, the incidence of acute communicable diseases has been decreasing steadily since the 1960s. However, global climate change and increasing overseas travel have increased the incidence of imported tropical diseases. In addition, the growing distribution of food materials, an increase in dining out, and contamination of water resources have the potential to trigger massive outbreaks of waterborne and foodborne infectious diseases. Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza, which has been reported annually in the country since 2006, is also a concern. A total of cases of acute communicable disease (excluding chicken pox) were notified in 2007, giving an incidence rate of 29.7 per population, an increase of 17% from 25.3 in the previous year. Among these diseases, measles increased 592% year on year, while the increase was 118% for mumps and 177% for dengue fever. In particular, the incidence of chicken pox rose 1.8 times from 2006 to over , accounting for 58.4% of total acute communicable disease cases in Leading causes of mortality and morbidity The number one cause of death in the Republic of Korea is cancer, accounting for 28.0% in 2008, followed by cerebrovascular disease at 11.3% and heart disease at 8.7%. The number of people dying from cancer rose steadily from per in 1996 to in Among the major cancers, the number of deaths from stomach cancer has been decreasing, while those from lung and colon cancer have increased. The number of deaths from cerebrovascular diseases has dropped from 10 years ago. However, the incidence and prevalence rates for the diseases jumped from 1.60 and 6.2 per 1000 in 1998 to 2.3 and 10, respectively, in The hike means an increase in disabilities related to stroke, adding to the burden of disease. Cardiovascular diseases are not as prevalent in the Republic of Korea as in many Western countries, but have been showing an upward trend. The number of deaths from ischaemic heart disease more than doubled between 1996 and 2006, from 13.0 to 29.2 per The recent increase in the number of suicides is notable. In 1996, 14.1 persons out of killed themselves, making suicide the ninth most common cause of death. In 2008, however, suicide became the fourth largest cause of death, with 26 out of every persons taking their own lives. Among the major noncommunicable diseases, high blood pressure, arthritis and dental caries have the highest morbidity rates. The prevalence rate for hypertension was 27.9% in 2005, showing that one-third of all adults in the country were suffering from high blood pressure. Furthermore, out of every 1000, were suffering from dental caries and from osteoarthritis, according to a study of prevalence rates among adults aged 19 years and older. 384 COUNTRY HEALTH INFORMATION PROFILES

4 2.4 Maternal, child and infant diseases The mortality risk for infants and young children, as well as for pregnant women, has decreased dramatically. The infant mortality rate fell from 61.0 per 1000 live births in the 1960s to an estimated 3.4 in 2008, while the maternal mortality ratio stood at 8.4 per live births in The focus of public health programmes in this area is now not just on reducing mortality rates, but also improving health for a longer period by developing the group s health potential. For example, a lifecourse approach has been taken to deal with age-specific needs for good health. Medical check-ups are made available to infants and pregnant women at health centres across the country, and medical advice and services are available to promote the health of infants and young children in a timely manner. Preand post-pregnancy services are also provided to detect and control any health risks related to pregnancy. 2.5 Burden of disease According to a study of the disease burden in the country carried out using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), an indicator developed by WHO and the Global Burden of Disease Study Group, years of life lost (YLL) is highest for cancer, followed by injuries and cardio/cerebrovascular diseases, while years lost due to disability (YLD) is highest for gastrointestinal diseases, followed by respiratory diseases and diabetes. Of the major diseases, excluding injuries, the DALY (YLL+YLD) for cancer per was the highest, at 1525 or 17.1% of the total, followed by cardio/cerebrovascular diseases, with 1492 or 16.7%; gastrointestinal diseases, with 1140 or 12.8%; diabetes, with 970 or 10.9%; and respiratory diseases, with 951 or 10.6%. Looking at individual diseases rather than disease groups, diabetes was found to have the highest DALY, followed by stroke, asthma, peptic ulcer and ischaemic heart disease. 3. HEALTH SYSTEM 3.1 Ministry of Health's mission, vision and objectives The mission of the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs is to contribute to the quality of life of the public and to national development by protecting the public from social risks, promoting social integration, investing in human resources, and offering social services. The Ministry envisions healthy and happy lives for all citizens. To carry out its mission and realize its vision, the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs has set the following objectives: (1) Expand the social safety net by: reforming the National Pension; stabilizing the National Health Insurance fund; improving the benefit system of the National Basic Livelihood Security; and enhancing the quality of life for people with disabilities. (2) Pursue forward-looking family policies by: strengthening comprehensive family policies; restructuring child care policies; fostering healthy children and youth; and introducing long-term care insurance for the elderly. (3) Protect public health and safety by: establishing a public health safety net; implementing preventive health care; and strengthening food-safety management. (4) Strengthen economic growth hand in hand with health and welfare by: fostering the health care industry; COUNTRY HEALTH INFORMATION PROFILES 385

5 creating the market for welfare services; pursuing welfare through work ; and operating the National Pension Fund strategically. With these strategies, the mission of the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs will pursue proactive welfare by creating jobs for those capable of work, and extending a helping hand to those in need of support. 3.2 Organization of health services and delivery systems Public health in the Republic of Korea has improved dramatically, especially in terms of life expectancy and infant mortality. The strengthened health care system, as well as increased income and improved living conditions have played a significant role. As regards health care resources, the number of doctors increased from in 1975 to in 2008 (including traditional medicine doctors). The number of hospital-level institutions (hospitals and traditional hospitals with 30 or more beds, as well as dental hospitals) rose from 178 in 1975 to 2240 in health expenditure amounted to 6.9% of GDP in Although this is a relatively low rate compared with other developed countries, the Government is able to offer comparatively good quality health care services. However, health expenditure is growing continuously because of increased use of health care services driven by greater public desire for healthy lives and implementation of the National Health Insurance scheme. To respond effectively to the fast-changing health care environment, it is necessary to comprehensively examine the existing health care system and set a new policy direction to advance it. 3.3 Health policy, planning and regulatory framework The Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs focuses on the following areas in its health policy, planning and regulatory framework: establishing a lifetime health maintenance system; establishing an efficient health care delivery system; enhancing National Health Insurance coverage and strengthening the role of the Government in health care; and fostering the health care industry. 3.4 Health care financing Since 1 July 1989, every citizen of the Republic of Korea has received health care benefits through either National Health Insurance (NHI) or the Medical Aid programme. As of the end of 2008, 96.3% of the total population or 48.2 million people were covered by the NHI, while the rest, 1.8 million people, including beneficiaries of the National Basic Livelihood Security System and patriots and veterans, were benefiting from the Medical Aid programme. The NHI is divided into employee insurance and selfemployed insurance. Employee insurance covers employees, employers, public servants and teachers. All residents in rural areas, and the self-employed in cities, except those covered by employee insurance and their dependents, are covered by self-employed insurance. The National Health Insurance system is operated by the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs, the National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC), and the Health Insurance Review Agency (HIRA). The Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs is in charge of supervision and management of the overall operation of the NHI. The NHIC oversees everyday tasks, such as determining the eligibility of the insured and their dependents, assessing and collecting insurance premiums and other fees, and making benefit payments. The HIRA reviews health care benefits and evaluates health care performance, independent of insurers, providers and other involved parties. The finances of the NHI are mainly composed of contributions from the insured and their employers, along with government subsidies, including the National Health Promotion Fund. For an insured 386 COUNTRY HEALTH INFORMATION PROFILES

6 employee, the contribution is determined by the level of the standard monthly wage, the calculation of which is based on the wages earned by the employee over a specific period of time. Fifty per cent of the contribution is paid by the employee and 50% by his/her employer. For the self-employed, contributions are calculated per household unit, and the amount is determined by considering the insured person s assets, income and other factors. Since the introduction of the self-employed insurance scheme in 1998, the Government has subsidized health care benefits and the operation of the insurance programmes for the self-employed to relieve their financial burden. The Government annually supports 14% of the expected insurance premium for the year out of government money, and 6% out of the National Health Promotion Fund. 3.5 Human resources for health The qualifications for health workers are strictly stipulated by law, and only those licensed by the Government can provide medical treatment and public health services. The Medical Service Act stipulates that the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs licenses doctors, dentists, traditional medicine doctors, midwives and nurses. The Act prescribes nurses aides, bonesetters, acupuncturists, moxibustionists and masseurs as quasi-medical persons. There were physicians, dentists, pharmacists and nurses in the country as of Partnerships The Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs is making an effort to contribute to improved health and quality of life for the public by responding to the new challenges of low fertility and population ageing. The Ministry works with the public, nongovernmental groups, local governments and expert groups and includes all of them in its policy formation, implementation and assessment procedures. The partnership helps the Ministry to fulfil the real needs of the public. At the same time, the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs also works in close partnership with international organizations, including WHO and OECD, to resolve pending global health issues. The Republic of Korea strives to play a leadership role in making people of the world healthy and sound by exchanging knowledge, experience and technology, and sharing human, physical and intellectual resources with international partners, as well as by signing memorandums of understanding in the field of health care with foreign governments. 3.7 Challenges to health system strengthening Challenges to health system strebgthening in the Republic of Korea include: the increase in chronic disease; the ageing population and low fertility rate; and the inequity in income distribution. Each challenge suggests health policy issues: The growing incidence of chronic disease highlights the need to put a stronger emphasis on such diseases in the current health system. The ageing population may mean an increase in the number of elderly people with health problems and higher health-related expenditure. Income disparities may lead to inequity in health status. To respond to these issues, the Government is making an effort to prevent disease, enhance NHI coverage, strengthen its own role in health care, and establish a financially sustainable health care delivery system. 4. PROGRESS TOWARDS THE HEALTH MDGs No available information. COUNTRY HEALTH INFORMATION PROFILES 387

7 5. LISTING OF MAJOR INFORMATION SOURCES AND DATABASES Title 1 : Explore Korea through Statistics 2009 Operator : Statistics Korea Web address : Title 2 : Population projections for Korea Operator : National Statistical Office Web address : Title 3 : Annual report on the cause of death statistics, 2008 Operator : National Statistical Office Web address : Title 4 : In-depth analysis of the 3 rd Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Operator : Korea Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Korea Health Industry Development Institute Web address : Title 5 : Annual report of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2006 Operator : Ministry of Health & Welfare Web address : Title 6 : 2007 Population and Housing Census report Operator : Korea National Statistical Office, 2006 Web address : Title 7 : 2008 OECD Health Data Operator : Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs Web address : 6. ADDRESSES MINISTRY OF HEALTH, WELFARE AND FAMILY AFFAIRS Office Address : Hyundai Bldg.,75 Yulgong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Telephone : (822) ~7233 Fax : (822) Website : THE WHO OFFICE IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA Office Address : Hyundai Bldg.,75 Yulgong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Postal Address : Central P.O. Box 540, Seoul, Republic of Korea Official Address : ChungN@wpro.who.int Telephone : (822) Fax : (822) COUNTRY HEALTH INFORMATION PROFILES

8 7. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART: Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family Affairs COUNTRY HEALTH INFORMATION PROFILES 389

9 COUNTRY HEALTH INFORMATION PROFILE REPUBLIC OF KOREA WESTERN PACIFIC REGION HEALTH DATABANK, 2010 Revision INDICATORS DATA Year Source Demographics 1 Area (1 000 km2) Estimated population ('000s) b Annual population growth rate (%) Percentage of population years years - 65 years and above Urban population (%) est 3 6 Crude birth rate (per 1000 population) Crude death rate (per 1000 population) Rate of natural increase of population (% per annum) Life expectancy (years) - at birth - Healthy Life Expectancy (HALE) at age , fertility rate (women aged years) Socioeconomic indicators 11 Adult literacy rate (%) Per capita GDP at current market prices (US$) a Rate of growth of per capita GDP (%) 14 Human development index Environmental indicators Urban Rural 15 Health care waste generation (metric tons per year) Communicable and noncommunicable diseases Number of new cases Number of deaths 16 Selected communicable diseases Hepatitis viral - Type A - Type B - Type C - Type E - Unspecified Cholera Dengue/DHF Encephalitis Gonorrhoea Leprosy Malaria Plague Syphilis Typhoid fever Acute respiratory infections Among children under 5 years 390 COUNTRY HEALTH INFORMATION PROFILES

10 INDICATORS DATA Year Source Communicable and noncommunicable diseases Number of new cases Number of deaths 18 Diarrhoeal diseases - Among children under 5 years 19 Tuberculosis - All forms - New pulmonary tuberculosis (smear-positive) Cancers All cancers (malignant neoplasms only) - Breast - Colon and rectum - Cervix - Oesophagus - Leukaemia - Lip, oral cavity and pharynx - Liver - Stomach - Trachea, bronchus, and lung Circulatory All circulatory system diseases - Acute myocardial infarction - Cerebrovascular diseases - Hypertension - Ischaemic heart disease - Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart diseases Diabetes mellitus Mental disorders Injuries All types - Drowning - Homicide and violence - Occupational injuries - Road traffic accidents - Suicide Leading causes of mortality and morbidity Number of cases Rate per population 25 Leading causes of morbidity (inpatient care) 1. Diseases of the respiratory system 2. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system & connective tissues 3. Diseases of the digestive system 4. Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes 5. Diseases of the circulatory system 6. Diseases of the skin and subscutaneous tissue 7. Diseases of the genitourinary system 8. Diseases of the eye and adnexa 9. Endocrine nutritional and metabolic diseases 10. Certain infectious and parasitic diseases COUNTRY HEALTH INFORMATION PROFILES 391

11 INDICATORS DATA Year Source Number of deaths Rate per population 26 Leading causes of mortality 1. Malignant neoplasms 2. Cerebrovascular diseases 3. Heart diseases 4. Suicides 5. Diabetes mellitus 6. Chronic lower respiratory disease 7. Transport accidents 8. Liver diseases 9. Pneumonia 10. Hypertensive diseases Maternal, child and infant diseases 27 Percentage of women in the reproductive age group using modern contraceptive methods Percentage of pregnant women immunized with tetanus toxoid (TT2) 29 Percentage of pregnant women with anaemia 30 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births) Percentage of newborn infants weighing less than 2500 g at birth 32 Immunization coverage for infants (%) - BCG - DTP3 - Hepatitis B III - MCV2 - POL Number of cases Number of deaths 33 Maternal causes - Abortion - Eclampsia - Haemorrhage - Obstructed labour - Sepsis Selected diseases under the WHO-EPI - Congenital rubella syndrome - Diphtheria - Measles - Mumps - Neonatal tetanus - Pertussis (whooping cough) - Poliomyelitis - Rubella - Tetanus Health facilities 35 Facilities with HIV testing and counseling services 392 COUNTRY HEALTH INFORMATION PROFILES

12 INDICATORS DATA Year Source Health facilities Number Number of beds 36 Health infrastructure Public health facilities - General hospitals Specialized hospitals - District/first-level referral hospitals - Primary health care centres Private health facilities - Hospitals Outpatient clinics Health care financing 37 health expenditure - amount (in million US$) - total expenditure on health as % of GDP - per capita total expenditure on health (in US$) a 2008p p a 2008p 16 Government expenditure on health - amount (in million US$) - general government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health - general government expenditure on health as % of total general government expenditure a 2008p p p 16 External source of government health expenditure - external resources for health as % of general government expenditure on health p 16 Private health expenditure - private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health - out-of-pocket expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health Exchange rate in US$ of local currency is: 1 US$ = p a 2008p Health insurance coverage as % of total population INDICATORS DATA Year Source 39 Human resources for health Urban Rural Public Private Physicians - Number Ratio per 1000 population Dentists - Number Ratio per 1000 population Pharmacists - Number Ratio per 1000 population Nurses - Number Ratio per 1000 population Midwives - Number Ratio per 1000 population Paramedical staff - Number Ratio per 1000 population Community health workers - Number - Ratio per 1000 population 40 Physicians Annual number of Dentists graduates Pharmacists COUNTRY HEALTH INFORMATION PROFILES 393

13 INDICATORS DATA Year Source Urban Rural Public Private 40 Annual number of Nurses graduates Midwives Paramedical staff Community health workers 41 Physicians Workforce losses/ Attrition Dentists Pharmacists Nurses Midwives Paramedical staff Community health workers INDICATORS DATA Year Source Health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 42 Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age 43 Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births) Under-five mortality rate (per 1000 live births) Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles Maternal mortality ratio (per live births) Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel Percentage of deliveries at home by skilled health personnel (as % of total deliveries) - Percentage of deliveries in health facilities (as % of total deliveries) Contraceptive prevalence rate Adolescent birth rate 50 Antenatal care coverage - At least one visit At least four visits Unmet need for family planning 52 HIV prevalence among population aged years 53 Estimated HIV prevalence in adults 54 Percentage of people with advanced HIV infection receiving ART 55 Malaria incidence rate per population Malaria death rate per population Proportion of population in malaria-risk areas using effective malaria 57 prevention measures Proportion of population in malaria-risk areas using effective malaria 58 treatment measures 59 Tuberculosis prevalence rate per population Tuberculosis death rate per population Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected under directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) Proportion of tuberculosis cases cured under directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) 63 Proportion of population using an improved drinking water source Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility Proportion of population with access to affordable essential drugs 65 on a sustainable basis Urban Rural 394 COUNTRY HEALTH INFORMATION PROFILES

14 Notes: p est NR a b Sources: Maternal & Infant Mortality Survey Report in , Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea Data not available Provisional Estimate Not relevant Computed by Information, Evidence and Research Unit of the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific Revised data Explore Korea through Statistics Statistics Korea. [ Population Projections for Korea, National Statistical Office, Republic of Korea Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: The 2009 Revision. Accessed on June 2010 from Causes of Death Statistics 2008, National Statistical Office, Republic of Korea Life Tables for Korea, National Statistical Office, Republic of Korea 2005 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Ministry of Health and welfare, Republic of Korea Human development report New York, United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 2009: Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development. United National Development Programme. [ Cadastral statistical Annual Report, Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, Republic of Korea. WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, data received from the technical units Annual Report on the Cause of Death Statistics 2007, National Statistical Office, Republic of Korea Yearbook of Health and Welfare Statistics 2008, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea Patient Survey Report 2005, Ministry of Health and welfare, Republic of Korea Medical and paramedical institution data by city/province: 2008, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Healthcare Resources Team National health accounts: country information. Geneva, World Health Organization. Available from: Unpublished Data, Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service 2008 Statistical Yearbook on the Education, Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, Republic of Korea 2007 Annual Report on Live Births and Deaths Statistics, National Statistical Office, Republic of Korea National Fertility and Family Health Survey 2006, Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Republic of Korea Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water: 2010 Update. World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP). UNICEF, New York and WHO, Geneva, [ COUNTRY HEALTH INFORMATION PROFILES 395