Anatomy: Skeletal System

In the name of God Anatomy: Skeletal System Moradian MD, MPH, PhD candidate Tehran University of Medical Sciences drmoradian@sums.ac.ir 2013 http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 1

Skeletal System (Skeleton) http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-2

The Complete Skeleton Axial skeleton Skull Hyoid bone Vertebral column Thoracic (rib) cage Appendicular skeleton Limbs Girdles http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-3

Skeletal System اسكلتي دستگاه راميسازهد. استخ ان ادستگاىاسكلتيبدن رگ استخ ان اازبافتاستخ اهيعصبو تشكيلشدىاهد. Jointsب ممتصلشدىاهد. استخ ان ادرمفاصل و و تركيب استخ ان ا بافت اي متصل كوودى مفاصل دستگاى راميسازهد. اسكلتيبدن 206 استخ اندربدناهسانم ج داست. http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 4

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Place for Erythropoiesis Main place for Erythropoiesis is bone marrow. Aother place is liver. http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 6

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عملكرد دستگاه اسكلتي استخ ان ابيبدنشكلميد ود يكچارچ بمحكمبرايهگ داشتنوزنبدندرستميكوود درسيستما رم ابرايحركتدادنبدنشركتميكوود ازاهدام احياتيبدنمحافظتميكوود م ادمعدهيماهودكلسيمراذخيرىميكوود محلخ هسازي ستود http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 8

Second class levers http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 9

THIRD CLASS LEVERS http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 10

تقسيم بنذي استخوان ها بر اساس شكل استخ ان ابلود: ط لبيشترازعرض استخ ان اياهدام ا استخ ان ايك تاى: مربعيشكل مچدست استخ ان ايپ ن: هازكوپ ن جمجمي جواق باشكلهاموظم: م رى ا لگن LONG BONES SHORT BONES FLAT BONES IRREGULAR BONES http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 11

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ترقوه Clavicle http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-13

ترقوه Clavicle Paired Clavicle-anteriorly Sternal end articulates with sternum (manubrium) Acromial end articulates acromial process on scapula Projections: Inferior surface has ridges and grooves Trapezoid line Conoid tubercle http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 14

(كتف) Scapula Scapula-superiorly Between rib #2 superiorly and rib #7 inferiorly 3 borders and 3 angles Projections: Spine Acromion Coracoid process Suprascapular notch Fossae (3) Infraspinous Supraspinous Subscapular http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 15

(كتف) Scapula Acromion process زائدىاكرومي ن Coracoid process زائدىغرابي Scapular Spine خارك تف)جوسيت( Glenoid cavity حفرىگلو ئيد http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-16

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بازو Arm Humerus Head Tubercles Intertubercular groove condyle انتهاي حجيم Capitulum كاپيتولوم Trochlea قرقره Epicondyles Attachment of forearm muscles http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-18

زند زیرین-زبرین Forearm زند زبرين Radius زائدىهيزىاي Fig. 7.26 زند زيرين Ulna Little finger side Trochlear notch Olecranon process زائدىارهجي Radial notch زائدىهيزىاي http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-19

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Wrist and Hand Wrist 8 carpal bones (Scaphoid, lunate, Triquetrum, pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate) ناوي )شكستگي( هاللي)دررفتگي( 5 Metacarpal bones 14 phalnges http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-21

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لگن Pelvis Hip bone: Right and Left Ilium Ischium Sit down bone Pubis Symphysis pubis Acetabulum Obturator foramen Sacrum http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-24

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Thigh ران Femur Head Neck Trochanters Greater and lesser Condyles Medial and lateral Epicondyles Medial and lateral Patella or kneecap كشكك Fig. 7.34 http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-28

Leg Fig. 7.36 درشت ني Tibia Larger and supports most of weight Tibial tuberosity Medial malleolus Fibula قوزك داخلي Articulates with tibia not femur Lateral malleolus http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-29

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Foot Tarsals (7) قاپ Talus (ankle bone) پاشنه Calcaneas (heel) ناوی مکعبی ميخی اول تا سوم 14 phalanges http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-33

قفسه سینه:دنده ها و جناق Parts Thoracic vertebrae Ribs (12 pair) 7 True or 3 False 2 floating Sternum )دسته تنه زائده خنجري( CM 17 http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-34

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Regions of the Spine Cervical (neck) C 1 -C 7 Thoracic T 1 -T 12 Lumbar (lower back) L 1 -L 5 Sacrum S 1 -S 5 Coccyx http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 36

Vertebra Parts: Body Vertebral foramen Vertebral arch Superior and inferior articular processes Articular facets for rib Spinous process http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-37

Cervical Vertebrae Atlas First vertebra yes motion Axis Second vertebra Dens or no motion http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-38

Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 39

Skull Cranial Bones (cranium) Frontal bone Parietal bones Sutural bones Occipital bone Temporal bones Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone Facial Bones Mandible Maxillary Zygomatic Nasal Lacrimal Palatine Vomer Inferior nasal conchae http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 40

Skull http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 41

Frontal View of Skull http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-42

Superior and Posterior Views of Skull or Cranium http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-43

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Lateral View of Skull External acoustic meatus Mastoid Process Zygomatic arch Mandible Condyle Coronoid process http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-45

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Inferior View of Skull http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-47

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Hyoid Bone Unpaired No direct bony attachment to skull Attachment point for some tongue muscles Attachment point for neck muscles that elevate larynx during speech and swallowing http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 7-52

انواع مفاصل ساعد -ساق Syndesmoses دندان و فک لیفی Gomphoses مهره غضروفی مفاصل سمفیزیس ها سینوویال http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 53

Joints Joints Bony ends covered with hyaline cartilage Ligaments bind the bone together Joint cavity enclosed by a capsule-synovial membrane Cavity contains lubricant fluid-synovial fluid http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 54

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Types of Mobile joints Ball & Socket joint Hinge joint Sliding joint Pivot joint http://www.sums.ac.ir/~moradij/wp 56

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