Newer Fungicide Products Alone nd In Rottion on Chicgo Golf Green Reserchers: Chicgo District Golf Assoc. Derek Settle, Tim Sibicky, nd Nick DeVries Gol: Evlute plnt helth effects while suppressing dollr spot nd brown ptch Loction: Sunshine Course s 2 green in ply Lemont, Illinois Bckground: Creeping bentgrss is highly susceptible to dollr spot (Sclerotini homoeocrp) nd brown ptch (Rhizoctoni solni). Necessrily, only trce levels of dmge by disese cn be llowed on golf greens nd so fungicide selection must offer brod spectrum control. Incresingly, newer fungicides re combo products which contin two or more chemistries to provide optimum control of diverse fungl pthogens such s dollr spot, brown ptch, nd others. For exmple Honor (BASF) is newer fungicide tht contins bosclid/emerld plus pyrclostrobin/insigni. Incresingly, newer formultions re liquid to increse ese of use (e.g., Insigni SC nd Heritge TL). Better wter solubility my improve fungicide performnce nd potentilly provide fewer problems with spry equipment. On plnt helth, this study investigted the four mjor QoI chemistries by using four rottion progrms. QoI fungicides tested included, Insigni SC (BASF), Heritge TL (Syngent), Disrm M (Aryst), nd Compss (Byer). Plnt helth improvement hs been ssocited with chemistries in this fungicide fmily nd their bility to increse root biomss t summer is thought to be one of the primry mechnisms. Brief Mteril nd Methods: Sunshine Course s number 2 green used rndomized complete block design with 4 replictions. Individul plot size ws 4 ft by 6 ft. The USGA constructed green is creeping bentgrss seeded in 2002 to Penn G2 plus L93. It is mintined t 0.150 inch. Dollr spot existed (1 10%) when first pplictions were mde on 30 My. Twelve tretments occurred in this fungicide study: six every 14 dys nd five curtively/s needed (Tble 1). Dt collected included; dollr spot number, dollr spot percent, nd brown ptch percent. NDVI nd visul qulity (1 9 scle with 6= cceptble) ssessed plnt helth/phytotoxicity. Roots were smpled on August 10 to ssess the impct of QoI fungicide rottion progrms on root biomss/length.
Tble 1. Tretments for disese control on 2 green t Sunshine Course, Lemont, IL in 2011. Number Tretments Intervl Rte per 1,000 sq ft 1 Untreted 2 Insigni/Honor rottion 14 dy A 30 My Honor 1.1 oz B 13 Jun Insigni SC 0.7 fl oz C 27 Jun Spectro 90 5.75 oz D 11 Jul Dconil Ultrex + Signture 3.2 oz + 4.0 oz E 25 Jul Insigni SC 0.7 fl oz F 8 Aug Dconil Ultrex + Signture 3.2 oz + 4.0 fl oz G 22 Aug Chipco GT 4.0 fl oz H 5 Sep Honor 1.1 oz 3 Heritge/Hedwy rottion 14 dy A 30 My Hedwy 3.0 fl oz B 13 Jun Heritge 2.0 fl oz C 27 Jun Spectro 90 5.75 oz D 11 Jul Dconil Ultrex + Signture 3.2 oz + 4.0 fl oz E 25 Jul Heritge 2.0 fl oz F 8 Aug Dconil Ultrex + Signture 3.2 oz + 4.0 fl oz G 22 Aug Chipco GT 4.0 fl oz H 5 Sep Hedwy 3.0 fl oz 4 Disrm/Disrm M rottion 14 dy A 30 My Disrm C 1.0 fl oz B 13 Jun Disrm 0.36 fl oz C 27 Jun Spectro 90 5.75 oz D 11 Jul Dconil Ultrex + Signture 3.2 oz + 4.0 fl oz E 25 Jul Disrm 0.36 fl oz F 8 Aug Dconil Ultrex + Signture 3.2 oz + 4.0 fl oz G 22 Aug Chipco GT 4.0 fl oz H 5 Sep Disrm M 1.0 fl oz 5 Compss/Trtn rottion 14 dy A 30 My Trtn 2.0 fl oz B 13 Jun Compss 0.25 oz C 27 Jun Spectro 90 5.75 oz D 11 Jul Dconil Ultrex + Signture 3.2 oz + 4.0 fl oz E 25 Jul Compss 0.25 oz F 8 Aug Dconil Ultrex + Signture 3.2 oz + 4.0 fl oz G 22 Aug Chipco GT 4.0 fl oz H 5 Sep Trtn 2.0 fl oz
6 Emerld curtive 0.18 oz 7 Honor curtive 1.1 oz 8 Insigni SC curtive 0.7 fl oz 9 Dconil Ultrex + Emerld curtive 3.2 oz + 0.13 oz 10 Dconil Ultrex 14 dy 3.2 oz 11 Dconil Ultrex curtive 3.2 oz 12 CX 22 14 dy 0.37 fl oz 1 Dtes of ppliction begn 31 My nd the 14 dy fungicide intervl exctly follows the dtes used for tretments 2, 3, 4, 5. The 7 dy intervl occurred on nd between those dtes. Curtive pplictions vried nd, versus preventive, fewer pplictions occurred. Tble 2. Dtes of curtive pplictions on 2 green t Sunshine Course, Lemont, IL in 2011. Number Tretment Rte 30 My 27 Jun 5 Jul 11 Jul 18 Jul 8 Aug oz/m 6 Emerld 0.18 x x x x 7 Honor 1.1 x x 8 Insigni SC 0.7 x x x x 9 Dconil + 3.2 + x x x x Emerld 0.13 11 Dconil x x x x Ultrex 3.2 1 Curtive tretments were pplied when disese development incresed to threshold of 5% in mjority of replictes. Dollr spot triggered most dtes of ppliction. Honor curtive on 18 July ws mde to ddress brown ptch.
Are Under the Progress Curve (AUPC) 2 Green: Influence of Fungicides on Visul Qulity 15 weekly rting dtes (31 My to 18 Aug) 120 110 b bc bcd b e 100 c f def def ef 90 f f 80 70 60 g Figure 1. Visul Qulity. Compred to untreted plots, ll fungicidess improved visul qulity. Best qulity ws ssocited with BASF nd Aryst rottions. Worst qulity ws ssocited with tretments tht llowed disese brekthrough of dollr spot (Insigni nd Dconil Ultrex) or brown ptch (CX 22 nd Emerld). Brs with sme letter re not significntly different (P<0.05) ccording to Fisher ss Protected LSD. Green 2 fungicide tril, Sunshine Course, Lemont IL in 2011.
2 Green: Influence of Fungicides on NDVI Normlized Difference Vegettion Index 11 rting dtes (6 Jun to 18 Aug) Are Under the Progress Curve (AUPC) 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.2 b Figure 2. NDVI. Compred to untreted plots ll fungicides improved NDVI. BASF rottion tended to best, but fungicide tretments were not sttisticlly different. Brs with sme letter re not significntly different (P< <0.05) ccording to Fisher s Protected LSD. Green 2 fungicide tril, Sunshine Course, Lemont IL in 2011.
Are Under the Disese Progress Curve (AUDPC) 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2 Green: Influence of Fungicides on Dollr Spot dt = infection centers (number per plot) 15 weekly rting dtes ( 31 My to 18 Aug) b bc bcd b e cde cde de e e e e Figure 3. Dollr spot. Compred to untreted, ll tretments controlled dollr spot given high disese pressure. Low levels of brekthroug gh were consistently ssocited with Insigni SC nd the contct chlorothlonil (Dconil Ultrex 3.2 oz every 14 dys). Dconil + Emerld did not improve curtive bility versus Emerld lone.. Sunshine Course, Lemont, IL in 2011. Brs with sme letter re not significntly different (P< <0.05) ccording to Fisher s Protected LSD. Green 2 fungicide tril, Sunshine Course, Lemont IL in 2011.
Are Under the Disese Progress Curve (AUDPC) 400 300 200 100 0 2 Green: Influence of Fungicides on Brown Ptch dt = brown ptch (% per plot) 10 weekly rting dtes (27 Jun to 18 Aug) b bc bc cd cd cd d d d d d Figure 4. Brown ptch. Compred to untreted, ll tretments controlled brown ptch. Intermedite nd uncceptble brown ptch control ws by Emerld, Dconil Ultrex + Emerld, nd CX 22. Certin curtive tretments were with uncceptble levels of brown ptch on certin dtes. Disese pressure ws especilly high for the second summer in row on greens. Brs with sme letter re not significntly different (P<0.05) ccording to Fisher s Protected LSD. Green 2 fungicide tril, Sunshine Course, Lemont ILL in 2011.
Imge 1. By mid July untreted plots were blighted with 10% dollr spot nd 40% brown ptch on 2 green. Sunshine Course, Lemont, IL. Settle 7 16 11 Imge 2. In July n untreted plot ws 90% blighted by brown ptch. It ws the worst outbrek of brown ptch ever experienced t the site. Sunshine Course, Lemont, IL. Settle 7 27 11
Imge 3. Tim Sibicky records NDVI on number 2 green to ssess plnt helth during dy with high levels of brown ptch disese, Sunshine Course, Lemont, IL. Settle 8 1 11