Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdominal obesity, pathophysiology of, 272 273 Absorption-blocking supplements, 401 Acupuncture, 401 402 Adipocytes, pathologic, 272 Adipokines, 272 273 Adiponectin, 273, 277 278 Adiposity rebound, 325 Adjustable gastric banding, 418 419, 422 423 Adolescents. See Pediatric patients. Adrenergic agents, 411 African Americans. See Minority individuals. Albumin, in nutritional assessment, 367 Alcoholic beverages, 360 361 Amylin, 323 324 Anemia, sports, 372 Anorexia nervosa, 294 Anovulation, in polycystic ovary syndrome, 262 265 Anthropometric measures, for obesity, 245 248 Anxiety, 289 Appetite suppressants, 408 412 Arrhythmias, 274 Arthritis, 279 280, 380 Asian people. See Minority individuals. Asthma, 275 Avoid and choose lists, 362, 364 365 B Bariatric surgery, 417 427 for pediatric patients, 333 indications for, 417 418 long-term outcome of, 424 mental health issues in, 297 298, 300 nutrition with, 370 371, 424 procedures for combination, 420 423 complications of, 422 423 malabsorptive, 419 420, 423 Prim Care Clin Office Pract 36 (2009) 429 438 doi:10.1016/s0095-4543(09)00046-3 primarycare.theclinics.com 0095-4543/09/$ see front matter ª 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
430 Bariatric (continued) restrictive, 418 419, 422 423 Beck s Depression Inventory, 294 295 Behavior Eating Test, 296 Biliary disease, 276 277 Biliopancreatic diversion, 419 420, 423 Binge eating disorders, 293 294, 296, 299 Biochemical assessment, of nutrition, 367 Biologic factors, in obesity, in pediatric patients, 322 324 Blount s disease, 328 Bob and Tom s Method of Assessing Nutrition, 296 Body mass index, 245 246 in pregnancy, 342 343 of minority populations, 313 of pediatric patients, 319 Body-image dissatisfaction, 287 288, 292, 294, 298 Breakfast, 362 Breast cancer, 277 Breastfeeding diet effects on, 350 in obesity protection, 325 Breath, shortness of, after bariatric surgery, 422 Bulimia nervosa, 293 294 Bupropion, 412 C Caffeine, 396 397 Calcium, recommendations for, 359 360, 398 399 Calories on food labels, 361 restriction of, 369 370 Cancer, 277 279 Carbohydrates, 358, 365 Cardiovascular disease exercise for, 381 risks for, 259 262, 274 Children. See Pediatric patients. Chromium supplements, 397 398 Colorectal cancer, 278 Combination surgical procedures, 420 423 Complementary and alternative therapies, 395 406 acupuncture, 401 402 dietary supplements, 363, 396 401 homeopathy, 402 hypnosis, 402 Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Intervention, 332 Costs, of obesity, 248 250 C-reactive protein, 261, 274 Cultural factors, mental health and, 294 Cytokines, in obesity, 261
431 D Dairy products, 359 360, 364 DARES mnemonic, 331 332 DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan, 358 Depression, 288 289, 292 296 Diabetes mellitus, 257 259, 379 gestational, 345 in pediatric patients, 326 327 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 264 265 Diacylglycerol, 399 Dialectical-Behavioral Therapy, 299Ob Diarrhea, after bariatric surgery, 422 Diary, food, 296 Diet(s), 370 assessment of, 366 367 behavioral modifications for, 370 calorie-restricted, 369 370 content-restricted or enhanced, 368 369 exercise with, 382 384 for obesity prevention, 330 331 for pregnant women, 347 349 high-fiber, 368 high-protein, 369 hypocaloric, 370 low-carbohydrate, 369 low-fat, 368 369 low-glycemic index, 369 obesity resulting from, 325 326 semistarvation, 370 supplements for, 363, 396 401 very low calorie-restricted, 370, 383 Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan, 358 Dietary Reference Intakes, 357 358 Drugs for obesity, 332 333, 407 415 obesity due to, 324 Dumping syndrome, after bariatric surgery, 423 Duodenal switch procedure, 419 420 Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, 295 Dyslipidemia, 327, 379 380 E Eating Among Teens study, 331 Eating disorder(s), 289, 293 294, 299 Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, 295 Eating patterns, mental health and, 293 Economic impact, of obesity, 248 250 Eggs, 364 Emotional problems, 288 289, 292, 294, 296
432 Endocrine disorders, obesity due to, 324 Endometrial cancer, 277 278 Energy expenditure, increased, 271 272 Energy homeostasis, 271 Enteroileostomy, 419 420 Ephedrine, 396 397 Exercise, 379 393 benefits of, 380 382, 384 for older adults, 387 for pediatric patients, 330 331, 387 388 for pregnant women, 347 350 in long-term interventions, 382 384 isometric, 385 isotonic, 385 lack of, 271 272, 325 nutrition with, 371 372 strategies for, 384 386 with fish oils, 398 Exercise prescription, 385 386 F Family factors in obesity, 325 mental health and, 289 290, 294 Fat(s), dietary, 358, 364 Fat guarding legacy, 363, 366 Fatigue, after bariatric surgery, 422 Fatty liver disease, 276 Fetal influences, on obesity development, 324 325 Fiber, dietary, 358 359, 368, 401 Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group, 259 Fish oils, 398 Fluoxetine, 411 Food, labels for, 361 Food diary, 296, 366 367 Food groups, recommendations for, 358 361 Food Guidance System, 358 Free fatty acids, in adipocytes, 272 Fruits, 365 G Gallstone disease, 276 277 Garcinia, 400 401 Gastric bypass procedure, 420 423 Gastroesophageal reflux disease, 275 276 Gastrointestinal disorders, 275 276 Gastroplasty, 418 419, 422 423 Genetic factors, in obesity in minority population, 310, 312 in pediatric patients, 322 324
433 Gestational diabetes, 345 Glucose intolerance, 258 259, 326 327 Grains, 365 H Health care, access to, by minority populations, 311 312 Hernia, after bariatric surgery, 423 Hip pain, 328 Hispanic people. See Minority individuals. Homeopathy, 402 Hoodia, 401 Hydroxycitric acid, 400 401 Hyperandrogenism in pediatric patients, 327 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 263 264 Hyperlipidemia, 327, 379 380 Hypertension, 379 in pediatric patients, 327 pregnancy-induced, 345 346 Hypnosis, 402 I Inactivity, 271 272, 325 Infertility, in polycystic ovary syndrome, 265 Inflammation, in obesity, 261 Institute of Medicine, dietary reference values of, 357 358 Insulin resistance, 273 274 cancer and, 277 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 262 265 skin disorders in, 279 Insulin-like growth factor I, in nutritional assessment, 367 K Kidney, cancer of, 278 Knee pain, 328 L Labels, food, 361 Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band procedure, 418 419 Left ventricular hypertrophy, 274 Leptin, 273, 322 323 Life span, obesity and, 248 249 Lifestyle modification, 361 363, 370 Linoleic acid, conjugated, 399 400 Lipase inhibitors, 411 412 Lipoprotein(s), exercise effects on, 272 Liver, fatty disease of, 276 Low birth weight infants, 324 325
434 M Ma huang, 396 397 Macrosomia, 345 346 Malabsorptive surgical procedures, 419 420, 423 Medicaid and Medicare costs, obesity impact on, 249 250 Melena, after bariatric surgery, 422 Mental health, 287 305 assessment of, 294 296 in adults, 292 294, 296 300 in pediatric patients, 287 292, 294 296, 328 obesity prevention and, 300 treatment of in adults, 296 300 in pediatric patients, 290 292 Metabolic disease, 257 270 Metabolic rate, in starvation, 363, 366 Metabolic syndrome, 260 262 in pediatric patients, 327 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 262 265 Metformin, 259, 333 Mineral supplements, 363 Minority individuals, obesity in, 307 317 epidemiology of, 307 genetic factors in, 312 health care access and, 311 312 in older adults, 308 310 in pediatric patients, 308 310, 324 intervention strategies for, 312 315 pregnancy in, 346 347 psychological perspective in, 310 socioeconomic factors in, 310 311 Mood disorders, 288 289, 292 296, 298 299 Motivational Interviewing, 331 Musculoskeletal disorders, 279 280, 328 Myocardium, remodeling of, 274 N Nausea and vomiting, after bariatric surgery, 422 Neurologic disorders, in pediatric patients, 328 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 276 Noradrenergic agents, 409 Nutrition, 357 377 assessment of, 296, 366 367 deficiencies of, after bariatric surgery, 423 diets for, 368 370. See also Diet(s). food groups recommended for, 358 361 food labels for, 361 lifestyle instruction and modification for, 361 365 physician s role in, 367 368 prescription for, 362
435 principles of, 357 358 with aggressive exercise, 371 372 with bariatric surgery, 370 371, 424 with pharmacotherapy, 372 yo-yo syndrome in, 363 O Obesity anthropometric measures in, 245 248 cancer in, 277 279 cardiovascular disease in, 259 262, 274, 381 clinical manifestations of, 274 280 cormorbidities of, 271 285, 326 328, 379 380 definition of, 243, 319, 379 epidemiology of, 243 245 in metabolic syndrome, 260 in minority individuals, 307 in pediatric patients, 320 321 in pregnancy, 341 etiology of, 322 326 evaluation of, in pediatric patients, 328 329 fatty liver disease in, 276 gallstone disease in, 276 277 gastrointestinal manifestations of, 275 276 in minority individuals, 307 319 in pediatric patients. See Pediatric patients. in pregnancy, 265, 341 356 mental health and, 287 305 metabolic dysregulation in, 257 270, 272 274 musculoskeletal disability in, 279 280 pathophysiology of, 271 272 prevention of in pediatric patients, 330 333 mental health issues in, 300 respiratory manifestations of, 274 275 skin manifestations of, 279 societal costs of, 248 250 treatment of complementary and alternative methods in, 395 406 exercise in. See Exercise. in minority populations, 312 314 in pediatric patients, 330 333 in pregnancy, 347 350 nutritional. See Diet(s); Nutrition. pharmacologic, 372, 407 415 surgical. See Bariatric surgery. Obstructive sleep apnea, 275, 327 328 Older adults, obesity in anthropometric measurements in, 247 248 exercise for, 387
436 Older (continued) in minority population, 308 310 Omega-3 fatty acids, 398 Optimistic bias, in weight control, 314 Orlistat, 333, 372, 410, 412 Osteoarthritis, 279 280, 380 Ovarian cancer, 278 Ovary, polycystic disease of, 262 265, 327 Overweight cormorbidities of, 379 380 definition of, 243 244, 319 P Pain after bariatric surgery, 422 musculoskeletal, 279 280, 328 Parity, weight gain and, 344 Patient Health Questionnaire, 296 Pediatric patients, obesity in, 319 339 anthropometric measurements in, 248 comorbid conditions with, 326 328 costs of, 250 definitions of, 319 epidemiology of, 244, 320 321 etiology of, 322 326 evaluation of, 328 329 exercise for, 387 388 in minority population, 308 310 mental health issues in, 287 292 assessment of, 294 296 treatment of, 290 292 pregnancy in, 346 347 prevention of, 330 333 treatment of, 330 333 Personality characteristics, mental health and, 293 Pharmacotherapy, 407 415. See also specific drugs. appetite suppressants, 408 412 bupropion, 412 for pediatric patients, 332 333 rimonabant, 324, 413 topiramate, 412 413 types of, 407 408 zonisamide, 412 Phaseolus vulgaris bean extract, 401 Phentermine, 409 410 Physical activity. See Exercise. Phytosterols, 401 Plantar fasciitis, 280 Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, 274 Polycystic ovary syndrome, 262 265, 327
437 Potassium, recommendations for, 360 Prealbumin, in nutritional assessment, 367 Prediabetes, 258 259 Pre-eclampsia, 345 346 Pregnancy, obesity in, 341 356 epidemiology of, 341 factors associated with, 342 344 gestational diabetes with, 345 high-risk populations in, 346 347 hypertension with, 345 346 outcomes related to, 344 346 parity and, 344 physiologic changes and, 342 polycystic ovary syndrome and, 265 postpartum weight retention and, 343 344 pre-eclampsia with, 345 346 prepregnancy weight and, 342 recommended weight gain, 342 343 risk of, 341 treatment of, 347 350 Prevention Plus strategy, 330 Prostate cancer, 278 Pseudotumor cerebri, 328 Psychosocial dysfunction, 288 289, 292 296, 310 Pyruvate, 400 Q Quality of life, in obesity, 249 Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns, 295 R Renal cell carcinoma, 278 Respiratory disorders, 274 275 Restaurants, calorie intake in, 362 Restrictive surgical procedures, 418 419, 422 423 Rimonabant, 324, 413 Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, 294 295 Roux-en-Y bypass, 420 423 S Sagittal trunk diameter, 247 SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study, 327 Self-esteem, low, 288, 292, 294, 298 Serotonergic agents, 409, 411 Shopping, for healthy foods, 362 Sibutramine, 332 333, 410 411 Skin disorders, 279 Sleep apnea, obstructive, 275, 327 328 Sleep deprivation, 325
438 Sleeve gastrectomy, 418 419, 422 423 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis, 328 Small for gestational age infants, 324 325 Snacks, 365 Social factors, mental health and, 289 290, 294 Societal costs, of obesity, 248 250 Socioeconomic status, obesity and, 244, 310 311 Sodium, recommendations for, 360 Soluble fiber, 358 359 Steatohepatitis, 276 Stimulants, 396 397 Structured Weight Management program, 332 Supplements, dietary, 363 Surgical treatment. See Bariatric surgery. Swedish Obese Subjects study, 262 T Tachycardia, after bariatric surgery, 422 Thromboembolic disease, 274 Topiramate, 412 413 U Uterine cancer, 277 278 V Vegetables, 365 Vegetarianism, 362 363 Vertical banded gastroplasty, 418 419, 422 423 Vitamin supplements, 363 W Waist circumference, 246 Waist-to-height ratio, 246 247 Waist-to-hip ratio, 247 Walking School Bus Program, 331 Weight loss programs for pediatric patients, 330 333 mental health issues in, 297 298 Weight regain, after bariatric surgery, 422 Y Youth Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, 295 Yo-yo syndrome, 363, 366 Z Zonisamide, 412