Dr Ricardo Esquerra Senior R&D Manager, Novus International Monogastric nutrition for breeders, broilers and layers Sponsored by: 1
Highlights in Poultry Nutrition Ricardo Esquerra, PhD Senior R&D Manager LATAM-AFRICA
Amino acid and energy nutrition strategies to improve profitability with modern broiler genetics
($) Feed / ($) Live Chicken Ratio www.avisite.com.br (2013) 4
Trial 1: Nutrient Density PROFILES 1-7d 8-18d 19-29d dig Lys dig Lys dig Lys LOW AA 1.152 1.098 0.963 MID AA 1.280 1.220 1.070 HIGH AA 1.408 1.342 1.177 PROFILES 1-7d 8-18d 19-29d ME ME ME LOW ENERGY 3,004 3,054 3,152 MID ENERGY 3,050 3,100 3,200 HIGH ENERGY 3,096 3,147 3,248 5
Diet Description: Calculated vs Analyzed AA values 0 to 7d 7 to 18d 18 to 29d Trt ME AA ME Lys (analyzed) ME Lys (analyzed) ME Lys (analyzed) 1 Low Low 3004 1.27 (1.43) 3054 1.21 (1.29) 3152 1.06 (1,16) 2 Low Med 3004 1.41 (1.67) 3054 1.34 (1.50) 3152 1.18 (1,23) 3 Low High 3004 1.55 (1.85) 3054 1.47 (1.80) 3152 1.29 (1,45) 4 Med Low 3050 1.27 (1.49) 3100 1.21 (1.40) 3200 1.06 (1,18) 5 Med Med 3050 1.41 (1.71) 3100 1.34 (1.58) 3200 1.18 (1,26) 6 Med High 3050 1.55 (1.90) 3100 1.47 (1.75) 3200 1.29 (1,43) 7 High Low 3096 1.27 (1.44) 3147 1.21 (1.37) 3248 1.06 (1,20) 8 High Med 3096 1.41 (1.72) 3147 1.34 (1.62) 3248 1.18 (1,32) 9 High High 3096 1.55 (1.80) 3147 1.47 (1.90) 3248 1.29 (1,46) Calculated Total Lys Analyzed Total Lys 6
Weight gain of female Cobb birds at 29d of age 1,502 Body Weight Gain, Kg 1,502 1,491 1,487 1,478 1,481 HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW PROTEIN ENERGY 7
Feed Conversion of female Cobb birds at 29d of age FCR (Corrected) 1,554 c 1,503 b 1,510 b 1,525 c 1,480 a 1,457 a HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW PROTEIN ENERGY 8
AA levels: Cost Meat Produced (R$/ton Carcass) $4 000 $3.92 $3 800 $3.84 $3.85 $3.80 $3.70 $3.68 $3 600 $3.47 $3.46 $3.43 $3.45 $3.46 $3.42 $3 400 $3.32 $3.27 $3.30 $3 200 $3 000 $2 800 Baseline High C Low S High High Low C High S Low Low High Prot. Mid Prot. Low Prot. 9
Conclusions Modern female birds responded linearly to high levels of AA and energy Increasing AA from Low (about current) to Mid levels could optimize feed utilization, and reduced meat costs in most scenarios tested In general, increasing energy brought about lower economic benefits 10
Managing non-digestible protein in broiler diets
Digestibility Improvements (%) Protease accelerated digestion in the GI tract 14,0 12,0 Proximal jej Distal jej Proximal ileum Distal ileum 10,0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 8,0 6,0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 4,0 2,0 0,0-2,0 Arg His Ile Leu Lys Met Phe Thr Val Ala Asp Glu Gly Pro Ser Tyr -4,0 12
The GUT 13
Effect of dietary CP and protease on ileal Clostridium perfringens 5,0 Ileal Clostridium perfringens (log cfu) a 4,0 Control Protease 3,0 b b b 2,0 1,0 Source of Variation P-value 0,0 Normal CP High CP CP 0.128 Protease 0.107 CPXProtease 0.043 14
Effect of dietary CP and protease on serum α-1-acid glycoprotein level 1050 1000 Serum α-1-acid glycoprotein level 1018 1016 984 950 900 Control 850 800 798 Protease 750 700 650 Source of Variation P-value 600 Low CP High CP CP 0.717 Protease 0.022 CPXProtease 0.738 15
Effect of dietary CP and protease on gut growth efficiency Duodenum crypt villus ratio 0,14 0,137 0,13 0,12 0,127 0,115 Control Protease 0,11 0,10 0,09 0,08 Low CP 0,099 High CP Source of Variation P-value CP 0.821 Protease 0.054 CPXProtease 0.295 16
Effect of dietary CP and protease on performance index 270 Performance index at day 28 250 230 227 246 233 Control Protease 210 190 192 170 150 Normal Low CP CP High CP Performance Index = ((Livability*((Body Weight*1000) /Day of study)*10)/ (Feed to Gain corrected for dead bird weight)). 17
Effect of protease addition in SMB or CSM based diets villi / crypt ratio control protease SBM soy CSM cotton Duod 10.8 12.4 Jeju 6.4 8.1 Ileu 6.4 7.4 Duod 9.7 12.3 Jeju 7.8 9.3 Ileu 8.3 8.4 Duod P < 0.001 Jeju P< 0.001 Ileu P< 0.05 Period: 0-49d; 384 Birds Animal Feed Science and Technology (2008) 18
BWG (kg) Capacity of a Keratinase to Compensate Performance Losses in Low AA diets BWG With Protease Without Protease CP Reduction (%) Yan, F., et al., (2009) Corn-soy diets 19
Conclusions Undigested protein in the gut could cause gut dysbacteriosis by promoting Clostridium perfringens growth and reduced performance. Protease addition can alleviate these negative effects through improving protein digestion and gut morphology in broilers Therefore, could be a valiable tool to manage protein nutrition, optimizing resources and reducing production costs 20
Impact of Nutrition on Structural Health
Connective Tissue: Essential for Function Bundle of Collagen Fibers Elastin Fibers 22
Structure is a function of age Morien (1978) Anat. Embryol. 154:121 23
Structure and Age Tendon & Bone Strength A function of age Depends on Collagen Cross Linking Juvenile Adult Not yet developed Peak strength Geriatric Degeneration Bellairs & Osmond (1998) Atlas of Chick Development 24
Embryos develop on egg reserves J11 Zn Cu Mn J19 Collagen (blue) Ossification (red) Bones develop on a collagen matrix Zn, Cu and Mn coenzyme (Bellairs & Osmond, 2005) 25
% of progeny 39 45 51 58 Breeders nutrition & progeny quality at 47 days Breeder feed : ITM: 125 Zn, 25 Cu, 125 Mn HMTBa-Chelates 30% replacement of ITM 60 50 +7% (P < 0.008) Sulfates Chelates 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 Gait score (Kestin 1992 modified Webster 2008) 0= good walk / 1 = walk with limp / 2 = no walk (Oviedo - North Carolina State U. 2009) 26
Broiler Breeder Hens: Carcass Effects Effects of Body Weight and Feed allocation During Sexual Maturation in Broiler Breeder Hens. R.A. Renema Breast Muscle Percentage At Sexual Maturity Abourachid, 1993; Emmerson et al, 1997; Nestor et al, 2001. Renema et al, 1999. Poult Sci 78:619 27
Foot Pad Damage and Infection Keratinized Layers Living Epithelium Dermis Healthy Foot Pad Damaged Foot Pad 28
Lameness (Bone Health) is currently the 4 th most prevalent health issue in US broiler Industry Financial loss estimated at $120,000,000/year in USA (Cook, 2000) All top 4 issues associated with Barrier Health 29
Partial condemnations due to skin problems 30
Gut Strength and Connective Tissue Lamina Propria Epithelium Elastin Muscularis Smooth Muscle Movat, 400x Collagen 31
Carcass Condemnation Related to Intestinal Breaking Strength 32
Collagen Crosslinking and Dietary Copper 16 1 2 4 0 Dietary Cu above that required for optimum performance was associated with increased chick tendon lysyl oxidase activity and tendon Cu was correlated with enzyme activity (r² = 0.88). Rucker et al., 1999. J. Nutr.129:2143 33
Trial 1: Results at Processing Plant (Involved about 9.2 M Broilers) SEX MALES FEMALE GENERAL HMTBA- HMTBA- HMTBA- TREATMENT Chelate Control Chelate Control Chelate Control Breast Derm. 0.58% 0.85% 0.54% 0.92% 0.56% 0.88% New Scratches 12.17% 14.53% 7.65% 9.60% 10.01% 12.29% Old Scratches 7.38% 8.40% 4.64% 5.42% 6.07% 7.05% Foot pad lesions 4,20% a 12,35% b 12,32% a 19,64% b 8,08% a 15,67% b Contamination 6,64% a 8,24% b 6,55% a 8,13% b 6,60% a 8,19% b 34
PERFORMANCE Trial 1: Performance Results (Involved about 9.2 M Broilers) SEX MALES FEMALES GENERAL TREATMENT Chelate Control Chelate Control Chelate Control BW (g) 2,979 2,930 2,785 2,850 2,886 2,893 MORT (%) 3,95% 3,97% 1,92% a 2,48% b 2,98% 3,28% BWG (g/d) 67,5 a 66,1 b 57,1 57,8 62,5 62,2 Feed Conversion 1,703 a 1,720 b 1,854 1,831 1,775 1,771 35
Conclusions Structural health problems are diverse involving a large number of tissues The way structural problems manifest themselves spreads from farm to fork involving different Departments within poultry operations Therefore, quantifying losses could be hard but there lays opportunity to reduce losses 36
Conclusions Nutritional interventions, such as the use of more bioavailable mineral sources, can improve structural health with benefits in parameters such as: Shell quality, hatchability, chick quality, performance, mortality, foot pad lesions, skin scars, breast blisters, carcass contamination, artritis, cellulitis, dermatitis, and???? These improvements collectively could increase profitably 37
Ways to potentially optimize resources and increase profitability Amino acid and energy nutrition strategies Manage non-digestible protein Corn/SBM based diets Complex diets Manage structural health 38