CHEMISTRY BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GANODERMA LUCIDUM G 05 MYCELIUM 1 PhD Feklistova I. N., 2 Prof. Le Huy Ham, 1 Maslak D. V., 1 Skakun T. L., 2 Co Thi Thuy Van, 1, 3 PhD Rizevsky S. V. 1 Belarus, Minsk, Belarusian State University 2 Vietnam, Hanoi, Agricultural genetics institute 3 Vietnam, Binh Duơng, Thu Dau Mot, Binh Duong University ARTICLE INFO Received 31 October 2017 Accepted 21 November 2017 Published 07 December 2017 KEYWORDS Ganoderma lucidum, mycelium, mass-spectrometer analysis, cardis, ergosterol ABSTRACT The chemical composition of the Ganoderma lucidum G 05 mycelium was studied. The fungus G. lucidum G 05 was obtained by deep cultivation in a liquid medium with aeration. Extraction of biologically active substances was carried out with methanol. The study of the composition of secondary metabolites was carried out on an Agilent 6850 gas chromatograph equipped with an Agilent 5975B mass detector. Qualitative analysis was based on comparing the mass spectra of components with the corresponding mass spectrometer library s data of the NIST0.5a. Ergosterol, fatty acids and their derivatives, alcohols and their derivatives were detected in the methanol extract of G. lucidum G 05. 2017 The Authors. Fungi of the genus Ganoderma are well known now as an important biological source of new secondary metabolites. Various preparations on their basis have been repeatedly tested in model experiments both in animals and in clinics. The secondary metabolites of these fungi have a diverse chemical structure, have a wide spectrum of biological activity and are used to create traditional medicines, and are used in modern molecular biology studies. According to available data, a number of metabolites of G. lucidum have an expressed antitumor effect (immunomodulating and direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells). The chemical composition of the mycelium of the fungi Ganoderma lucidum G 05 was studied. The G. lucidum fungus strain was received from the collection of the Agricultural Genetics Institute (Hanoi, Vietnam) and deposited to the collection of microorganisms of the biological faculty of the Belarusian State University with the number G 05. The object of research was the mycelium of fungi G. lucidum G 05, obtained by deep cultivation in a liquid medium with aeration. Extraction with methanol from mycelium sample was carried out. The composition of the secondary metabolites was studied on an Agilent 6850 gas chromatograph equipped with an Agilent 5975B mass detector. The composition of secondary metabolites (in percent) was calculated by the area of the peaks (without correction factors). Qualitative analysis was based on comparing of component s mass spectra with the corresponding data of the NIST0.5a mass spectrometer library. Results were shown in the table. Totally 99.08 % of the compounds were identified. Sterols (Ergosterol and 5,6- Dihydroergosterol) - the relative content in the methanol substrate was 7.19 %, carboxylic acids and their derivatives (6-oxoheptanoic acid, diethyl ether, diethyl sebacate, pentadecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid ethyl ester, palmic acid, palmitic acid ethyl ester, ethyl palmitate, heptadecanoic acid ethyl ester, heptadecanoic acid ethyl ester, linolenic acid, ethyl octadecanoic acid ester, oleamide, stearamide, monopalmitin, glycerol monolinoleate) - the relative content is 35.16 %, alcohols and their derivatives (7.71 %) etc. were detected in G. lucidum G05 methanol extract. It should be noted that Ergosterol (the relative content - 6.37 %) synthesized by G. lucidum fungi attracts considerable attention due to their well-known pharmacological properties: antiviral action against HIV, antihistaminic and antitumor properties [1]. It has also been established that G. lucidum polysaccharides exhibit potent antitumor and immunomodulating activity [2, 3]. https://ws-conference.com/webofscholar 9(18), Vol.1, December 2017 25
Table 1. Secondary metabolites of G. lucidum G05 mycelium, extracted with methanol Number Relative content, % Ingredient name, CAS number Formula 1 2.8 Dihydroxyacetone 96-26-4 2 1.29 3 0.55 Glycerin 56-81-5 1,2,3-Propanetriol 6-Oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ol 89489-26-9 4 0.93 5 1 6 0.41 7 1.69 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine 108-78-1 Melamine 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5- dihydroxy-6-methyl- 28564-83-2 3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3- dihydro-4h-pyran-4-one 2H-Pyran-2-methanol, tetrahydro- 100-72-1 Tetrahydropyran-2-methanol 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural 67-47-0 HMF 8 1.93 1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1-acetate 106-61-6 1-Monoacetin 9 1.33 Heptanoic acid, 6-oxo- 3128-07-2 6-oxoheptanoic acid 10 0.51 Isosorbide Dinitrate 87-33-2 cardis 11 0.2 2,4-Decadienal, (E,E)- 25152-84-5 trans-2, trans-4-decadienal 12 0.15 2-Amino-4-tertbutylthiazole 74370-93-7 26 9(18), Vol.1, December 2017 https://ws-conference.com/webofscholar
13 3.32 1,3-Propanediol, 2- (hydroxymethyl)-2-nitro- 126-11-4 Tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane 14 4.19 2-(Hydroxyimino) propanol oxime 1804-15-5 Methylglyoxime 15 0.8 3-Deoxy-d-mannonic acid 498-43-1 tetrahydroxyhexanoic acid 16 1.55 beta.-d-glucopyranoside, methyl 709-50-2 beta-methylglucoside 17 0.49 alpha.-methyl mannofuranoside 18 0.45 2,4-Difluorobenzoic acid, cyclohexylmethyl ester 19 0.68 Sorbitol 50-70-4 d-sorbite 20 0.11 Decanedioic acid, diethyl ester 110-40-7 Diethyl sebacate 21 0.27 2-Acetamide-2-deoxygalactono- 1,4-lactone 28876-38-2 22 0.58 Pentadecanoic acid 1002-84-2 Pentadecylic Acid https://ws-conference.com/webofscholar 9(18), Vol.1, December 2017 27
23 0.68 Pentadecanoic acid, ethyl ester 41114-00-5 Ethyl Pentadecanoate 24 0.62 Octadecanal 638-66-4 Stearyl Aldehyde 25 2.38 n-hexadecanoic acid 57-10-3 Palmitic acid 26 1.12 Ethyl 9-hexadecenoate 56219-10-4 Palmitoleic acid ethyl ester 27 3.24 Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester 628-97-7 Ethyl palmitate 28 0.35 Heptadecanoic acid, ethyl ester 14010-23-2 Ethyl heptadecanoat 29 2.33 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- 60-33-3 Linoleic Acid 30 28.58 trans,trans-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, propyl ester 31 1.09 Octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester 111-61-5 Ethyl stearate 32 0.56 Thunbergol 25269-17-4 Isocembrol 28 9(18), Vol.1, December 2017 https://ws-conference.com/webofscholar
33 11,68 9-Octadecenamide, (Z)- 301-02-0 oleamide 34 3.6 Octadecanamide 124-26-5 Stearamide 35 1.42 Ethyl stearate, 9,12-diepoxy 36 0.52 Eicosanal- 2400-66-0 icosanal 37 0.32 9-Octadecenal, (Z)- 2423-10-1 Octadecenyl aldehyde 38 0.69 Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1- (hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester 23470-00-0 2-Palmitoylglycerol, 2- monopalmitin 39 3,15 cis-9,10-epoxyoctadecanamide 15498-10-9 40 0.41 Henicosanal 51227-32-8 41 1.43 Oleylamine 112-90-3 42 0.94 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester 26545-74-4 1-monolinolein, glycerin monolinoleate https://ws-conference.com/webofscholar 9(18), Vol.1, December 2017 29
43 0.29 Ergosta-5,7,9(11),22-tetraen-3-ol, (3.beta.,22E)- 44 6.37 Ergosterol 57-87-4 Provitamin D 2 45 0.53 5,6-Dihydroergosterol 516-85-8 DHE It is interesting to note the presence of the Cardis in the mycelium composition (the relative content in the G. lucidum G05 methanol extract is 0.51 %), which has a vasodilating and antianginal effect, which makes the G. lucidum G05 fungus useful as a source of medicinal compounds in biotechnological production. At the moment, the information about the chemical composition of the G. lucidum mycelium is extremely scarce, and therefore the data presented in this article supplement the information obtained earlier for the Ganoderma terfas. REFERENCES 1. Do Thi Ha et al. An Improved HPLC-DAD Method for Quantitative Comparisons of Triterpenes in Ganoderma lucidum and Its Five Related Species Originating from Vietnam // Molecules. 2015. Vol. 20. P. 1059 1077. 2. Tzianabos A. O. Polysaccharide immunomodulators as theurapeutic agents: structural aspects and biological function // Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000. 13. P. 523 533. 3. Ooi V., Liu F. A review of pharmacological activities of mushroom polysaccharides // Int J Med Mushr. 1999. 1. P. 195 206. 30 9(18), Vol.1, December 2017 https://ws-conference.com/webofscholar