Skeletal System: Skull www.fisiokinesiterapia.biz
Bones of the Skull SPLANCHNOCRANIUM Nasal (2) Maxilla (2) Lacrimal (2) Zygomatic (2) Palatine (2) Inferior concha (2) Vomer Mandible NEUROCRANIUM Frontal Parietal (2) Temporal (2) Occipital Sphenoid Ethmoid EAR OSSICLES Stapes (2) Malleus (2) Incus (2) HYOID
2 Functional Areas Splanchnocranium face Neurocranium vault and cranial base
Development
General Developmental Organization Chondocranium (cranial base) cartilage models (enchochondral ossification) Neurocranial vault from mesenchyme (intramembranous) Viscerocranium from mesenchyme (pharyngeal arches) (intramembranous)
Neonatal Skull (neurocranial syndesmoses) Frontal Metopic suture Ant. fontanelle Post. fontanelle
795 WUSTL Med School 376 Korean War Dead
Functional Matrix Hypothesis Growth of skull bones depends almost entirely on surrounding soft tissues. Bone growth is secondary and compensatory to soft tissue growth
Achondroplasia
Artificial cranial modification
Craniosynostosis Crouzon s Syndrome (coronal synostosis) Apert s Syndrome (extensive synostoses)
Trigonocephaly (premature metopic suture closure) W.A. Mozart s cranium
Anatomy of the Skull Individual bones Structures within bones Regions Intracranial fossae Temporal fossa, Infratemporal fossa, Pterygopalatine fossa Other structures and landmarks
Intracranial Fossae ACF MCF PCF Anterior Cranial Fossa (frontal lobe) Middle Cranial Fossa (temporal lobe) Posterior Cranial Fossa (cerebellum) 9
FYI The following slides show pictures and drawings of the skull and individual bones with important landmarks identified. These aren t landmarks that you need to memorize now! You will in the future!
Frontal Temporal Sphenoid Lacrimal Zygomatic Superciliary Arch Supraorbital Notch Superior Orbital Fissure Frontal Process (Maxilla) Inferior Orbital Fissure Nasal Zygomatic Arch Maxilla Inferior Nasal Concha Mandible Anterior Nasal Spine Infraorbital Foramen Canine Fossa Mental Foramen Mental Eminence
Maxilla Incisive Fossa Greater Palatine Foramen Foramen Lacerum Palatine Foramen Ovale Zygomatic Foramen Spinosum Vomer Mandibular Fossa Sphenoid Temporal Styloid Process Mastoid Process External Auditory Meatus Carotid Canal Hypoglossal Canal Stylomastoid Foramen Occipital Foramen Magnum Jugular Foramen
Cribriform Plate Frontal Crista Galli Lesser Wing of Sphenoid Foramen Cecum Optic Foramen Optic Fissure Foramen Lacerum Greater Wing of Sphenoid Sphenoid Sella Turcica Carotid Canal Foramen Ovale Foramen Spinosum Temporal Jugular Foramen Hypoglossal Canal Occipital Foramen Magnum
Parietal Frontal Nasal Zygomatic Occipital Maxilla Temporal Sphenoid Mandible
Squamosal Suture Coronal Suture Zygomatic Process of the Temporal Bone Superciliary Arch External Auditory Meatus Temporal Process of the Zygomatic Bone Lamdoidal Suture Anterior Nasal Spine External Occipital Protuberance Mental Foramen Mastoid Process Mental Eminence Styloid Process Mandibular Condyle Gonial Angle Mandibular Notch Coronoid Process
Frontal process Zygomatic N L e p sphe Infraorbital margin Zygomaticofacial foramen Anterior nasal spine Infraorbital foramen Alveolar process Maxilla, Nasal, Lacrimal Zygomatic
Maxilla Palatine Incisive foramen Palatine process Horizontal plate Grtr. palatine for. Posterior nasal spine Lssr. palatine foramina
Lssr. wing Cribriform plate Sphenoid Anterior clinoid process Carotid grv. Grtr. wing Grv. optic chiasma Hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa Dorsum sellae Sella turcica Posterior clinoid process
Optic canal Superior orbital fissure ---lotsa, V 1 Foramen rotundum ---V 2 Foramen ovale ---V 3 Foramen spinosum ---Middle meningeal a. CN V, Trigeminal Nerve
Sphenoid Hamulus Pterygoid fossa Lateral pterygoid plate Vomer Medial pterygoid plate Scaphoid fossa Pterygoid canal Spine
Sphenoid Bone, Superior View (with parts visible from inside skull with skullcap removed) Lesser wing Anterior clinoid processes Pituitary fossa Optic canals Greater wing Posterior clinoid processes Dorsum sella Clivus Sella turcica
Sphenoid Bone, Anterior View Greater wings Superior orbital fissure Lesser wings Sphenoidal sinuses Pterygoid fossa Pterygoid processes Sphenoidal crest Sphenoidal rostrum (most A-I part of crest) Pterygoid canal Medial & lateral ptyerygoid plates
Sphenoid bone, Inferior view (with parts visible from outside of skull) Pterygoid fossa Pterygoid process Medial pterygoid plate Lateral pterygoid plate Infratemporal crests Pterygoid hamulus Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum
Infratemporal fossa Fr Pa Sp Te Temporal fossa Zy Mx Pterygomaxillary fissure Pterygopalatine fossa, to Sphenopalatine foramen
SUPERIOR Temporal Bone, Lateral view POSTERIOR Squamous portion ANTERIOR Supramastoid crest Suprameatal crest External auditory meatus INFERIOR Mastoid process Tympanic portion Postglenoid process Glenoid fossa Articular eminence Zygomatic process
Temporal Bone, Medial view SUPERIOR POSTERIOR ANTERIOR Squamous portion Petrous portion Sigmoid sulcus (gray curve) Zygomatic process Internal auditory meatus INFERIOR
Temporal Bone, Inferior view Zygomatic process Articular eminence External auditory meatus Glenoid fossa Postglenoid process Styloid process Occipital groove Mastoid notch Mastoid process
Malleus Incus Stapes VII VIII IAM EAM Tympanic membrane
Mandible Coronoid process Mandibular foramen Lingula Mand. notch Head Neck Condylar process Ramus Mental protuberance Alveolar process Body Oblique line Angle Mental tubercle Mental foramen
Mylohyoid line Mylohyoid groove Rt. submandibular fossa Lt. digastric fossa Rt. mental spine
Joints in the Skull - Sutures
Fontanelles Bregmatic fontanelle Parietal Frontal Lambdoid fontanelle Anterolateral fontanelle Posterolateral fontanelle Sphenoid Occipital Temporal
Sinuses Void chambers Linked to nasal cavity Frontal Maxillary Ethmoid Sphenoid
Sinuses Cross-section