Joints Ar*cula*ons of bones Func*ons of joints Hold bones together Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified Func*onally Structurally
Func*onal Classifica*on of Joints Synarthroses immovable joints Amphiarthroses slightly moveable joints Diarthroses freely moveable joints
Structural Classifica*on of Joints Fibrous joints Generally immovable Car*laginous joints Immovable or slightly moveable Synovial joints Freely moveable
Structural Classifica*on 1. Fibrous joints (synarthroses): adjacent bones are joined by collagen fibers. 3 kinds: - sutures, gomphoses and syndesmoses. 2. Car*laginous joints (amphiarthroses): two bones are joined by car*lage. 2 kinds: - synchondroses, and symphyses. 3. Synovial joints (Diarthroses): freely movable and most common joint in the body. (6)
Fibrous Joints Bones united by fibrous *ssue Examples Sutures (skull) Gomphoses (teeth) Syndesmoses Allows more movement than sutures Example: distal end of *bia and fibula
Car*laginous Joints Bones connected by car*lage Examples Pubic symphysis Intervertebral joints (Synchondroses) Figure 5.27d e
Synovial Joints Ar*cula*ng bones are separated by a joint cavity Synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity Figure 5.24f h
Features of Synovial Joints Ar*cular car*lage (hyaline car*lage) covers the ends of bones Have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid Ligaments reinforce the joint
Types of Synovial Joints 1. Plane (gliding) Joints 2. Hinge Joints 3. Pivot Joints 4. Condyloid Joints 5. Saddle Joints 6. Ball and Socket Joints
1. gliding - bony surfaces of bone slide or glide over each other
1. gliding - bony surfaces of bone slide or glide over each other 2. flexion - bending movement that decreases the angle
1. gliding - bony surfaces of bone slide or glide over each other 2. flexion - bending movement that decreases the angle 3. extension movement the increases the angle, opposite of lexion
1. gliding - bony surfaces of bone slide or glide over each other 2. flexion - bending movement that decreases the angle 3. extension movement the increases the angle, opposite of lexion 4. abduc*on moving away from longitudinal axis
1. gliding - bony surfaces of bone slide or glide over each other 2. flexion - bending movement that decreases the angle 3. extension movement the increases the angle, opposite of lexion 4. abduc*on moving away from longitudinal axis 5. adduc*on movement toward the longitudinal axis
1. gliding - bony surfaces of bone slide or glide over each other 2. flexion - bending movement that decreases the angle 3. extension movement the increases the angle, opposite of lexion 4. abduc*on moving away from longitudinal axis 5. adduc*on movement toward the longitudinal axis 6. circumduc*on movement of the limb such that it describes a cone
1. gliding - bony surfaces of bone slide or glide over each other 2. flexion - bending movement that decreases the angle 3. extension movement the increases the angle, opposite of lexion 4. abduc*on moving away from longitudinal axis 5. adduc*on movement toward the longitudinal axis 6. circumduc*on movement of the limb such that it describes a cone 7. rota*on turning the bone or limb around its long axis
1. gliding - bony surfaces of bone slide or glide over each other 2. flexion - bending movement that decreases the angle 3. extension movement the increases the angle, opposite of lexion 4. abduc*on moving away from longitudinal axis 5. adduc*on movement toward the longitudinal axis 6. circumduc*on movement of the limb such that it describes a cone 7. rota*on turning the bone or limb around its long axis 8. supina*on rota*ng the forearm laterally such that the palm faces superiorly
9. prona*on - rota*ng the forearm medially such that the palm faces inferiorly
9. prona*on - rota*ng the forearm medially such that the palm faces inferiorly 10. inversion - sole of the foot faces or turns medially
9. prona*on - rota*ng the forearm medially such that the palm faces inferiorly 10. inversion - sole of the foot faces or turns medially 11. eversion - sole of the foot turn laterally
9. prona*on - rota*ng the forearm medially such that the palm faces inferiorly 10. inversion - sole of the foot faces or turns medially 11. eversion - sole of the foot turn laterally 12. protrac*on - ju^*ng out of the jaw
9. prona*on - rota*ng the forearm medially such that the palm faces inferiorly 10. inversion - sole of the foot faces or turns medially 11. eversion - sole of the foot turn laterally 12. protrac*on - ju^*ng out of the jaw 13. retrac*on - moving the jaw backward
9. prona*on - rota*ng the forearm medially such that the palm faces inferiorly 10. inversion - sole of the foot faces or turns medially 11. eversion - sole of the foot turn laterally 12. protrac*on - ju^*ng out of the jaw 13. retrac*on - moving the jaw backward 14. eleva*on - li_ing the limb or body superiorly
9. prona*on - rota*ng the forearm medially such that the palm faces inferiorly 10. inversion - sole of the foot faces or turns medially 11. eversion - sole of the foot turn laterally 12. protrac*on - ju^*ng out of the jaw 13. retrac*on - moving the jaw backward 14. eleva*on - li_ing the limb or body superiorly 15. depression - moving the body part inferiorly
9. prona*on - rota*ng the forearm medially such that the palm faces inferiorly 10. inversion - sole of the foot faces or turns medially 11. eversion - sole of the foot turn laterally 12. protrac*on - ju^*ng out of the jaw 13. retrac*on - moving the jaw backward 14. eleva*on - li_ing the limb or body superiorly 15. depression - moving the body part inferiorly 16. opposi*on - to bring the thumb and index finger *ps together