Bellwork: Copy the vocabulary.

Transcription

1 Bellwork: Copy the vocabulary. Arthr- joint Burs- sac Carp- wrist Chondr- cartilage Costo- ribs Duc- move Flex- bend Meta- beyond Myelo- bone marrow Osteo- bone Peri- around Pod- foot Poro- pores in the bone Tars- ankle Thorac- chest

2 The Skeletal System

3 Standards 8) Outline basic concepts of normal structure and function of all body systems, and explain how homeostasis is maintained. (Our focus is on the skeletal system)

4 Objectives Students will describe the function of the skeletal system. Students will name and locate the bones of the skeleton. Students will analyze bones used when engaging in different actions.

5 Functions of the Skeletal System Support Structural support Framework for attachment Discuss: Based on other body systems we have studied, what does the skeleton support? Name specific examples. Storage Calcium reserve Energy reserves (lipids in yellow marrow)

6 Functions of the Skeletal System Blood Cell Production AKA hemopoiesis (formation of blood s cellular components RBC and WBC produced in red marrow Protection Surrounds soft tissues and organs Leverage for movement Change magnitude and direction of forces generated by skeletal muscles

7 Structures of the Skeletal System: Types of Bones Long Bones Longer than they are wide Ex: humerus, femur Short Bones Roughly equal length and width Ex: carpals, tarsals Flat Bones Thin and broad Ex: ribs Irregular Bones Complex shapes Ex: pelvic girdle, vertebrae

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9 The Axial Skeleton The axial skeleton is blue and includes the: skull vertebral column sternum ribs hyoid bone (or laryngeal)

10 The Skull Frontal View

11 The Skull Lateral View

12 The Vertebral Column (The Spinal Column) Draw and label

13 Discussion With a partner discuss Applying your knowledge of the nervous system, what organ does the spinal column protect?

14 Sternum and Rib Cage 12 sets of Ribs True, False, Floating

15 Discussion Applying what your know about medical terminology, what cavity do the ribs protect?

16 The Appendicular Skeleton The appendicular skeleton is beige and includes shoulder girdles arms wrists hands pelvic girdle legs ankles feet.

17 The Shoulder Girdle

18 The Arm Upper Arm Lower Arm

19 The Hand

20 The Pelvic Girdle Why do you think the shape of the pelvis Is different between males and females?

21 Leg bones Upper Leg Lower Leg Patella

22 Ankle and Foot

23 Activity Make sure your worksheets are labeled accurately. Use your book, page 310. In your small group, use your skeleton to evaluate which bones are used in daily activities such as: Brushing your teeth Driving a car Throwing a football Running a race Enrichment: Go back to your diagram and give the everyday layman s terms to as many bones as possible. (For example: jaw for mandible.) Explain why it is important to know the layman s terms as well as the correct medical terminology. When would you use each?

24 BELLWORK: Day Two COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE THREE TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE: CARTILAGE (p. 309) LIGAMENT (p. 312) TENDON (p. 320)

25 Connective Bone Tissue Cartilage: Acts as cushion between bones; articular cartilage located on ends of bones and acts as shock absorber, preventing ends from grinding together when you move. Ligaments: tough, whitish bands that connect from bone to bone and can withstand heavy stress. Tendons: cord-like structures that attach muscle to bone.

26 The knee joint: -cartilage -ligaments

27 Standards 8) Outline basic concepts of normal structure and function of all body systems, and explain how homeostasis is maintained. (Our focus is the skeletal system)

28 Objectives Explain homeostasis of the body relating to the skeletal system Define ossification Identify and label the parts of the long bone Compare/contrast the different bone joints

29 Homeostasis and Mineral Storage in the Skeletal System 99% of bodily calcium is deposited in the skeleton Nervous System use Ca + ions Ca + concentration is heavily regulated Parathyroid hormone (PTH) elevates Ca + levels in body fluids Bones become weaker Calcitonin - depresses Ca + levels in body fluids Bones become stronger These hormones work together to maintain homeostasis!

30 Growth and Formation of Bone Begins 6 weeks after fertilization, stops around age 25 Is it possible for some people to grow taller even after high school? Ossification process of tissue replacement by bone -

31 Growth and Formation of Bone Requirements: Prenatal minerals absorbed from mother (loses bone mass) Consume Ca and P from diet Vitamin D 3 allows absorption of Ca and P Vitamins A and C needed for osteoblast activity Discuss: How can a woman retain or gain the necessary minerals her body needs during pregnancy?

32 Structure of the Long Bones Diaphysis Central shaft Bone marrow Yellow vs. red (lipids or fat vs. RBCs) Epiphysis Enlarged ends Covered with articular cartilage Compact bone Dense/solid Found in diaphysis Spongy bone Network of bony rods w/ spaces Found in epiphysis Periosteum Covers outer surface of bone Endosteum Lines the marrow cavity Label in your notes.

33 Moveable Bone Joints -Saddle -Ball and Socket -Pivot -Hinge -Ellipsoidal/ Condyloid -Gliding

34 Moveable Bone Joints Pivot joint: turnstile movement in neck and forearm Ball and socket joint: hip and shoulder; all forms of movement, including rotation Hinge joint: allow opening and closing movement in knees and elbows Gliding joint: wrists and ankles; provides sliding back and forth movement Saddle joint: shaped like saddle, found in thumb; can rock up and down or side to side Condyloid joint: oval shaped bone end fitting into elliptical cavity in other bone so there is movement from one plane to another but no rotation as found in fingers and toes Ellipsoidal joint: provide two axes of movement through same bone like joint formed at wrist with radius and ulna

35 Classification of Joint Movement Get up and let s move!!! Flexion: bending a joint and decreasing angle between involved bones Extension: straightening a joint Abduction: moving away from body s midline Adduction: moving toward midline of body Circumduction: circular arm movement of a pitcher Rotation: bone spins "on its axis Supination: turning hand palm up Pronation: turning hand palm down

36 Classification of Joint Movement Eversion: The movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane. Inversion: The movement of the sole towards the median plane. Dorsiflexion: Flexion of the foot in an upward direction compare plantar flexion, which is flexing the foot down. Retraction: The movement of a body part in the posterior direction, or being drawn back. Protraction: The movement of a body part in the anterior direction, or being drawn forwards.

37 Immoveable Joints A fixed joint between bones connected by fibrous tissue (for example, the sutures of the skull). At what time did these bones need to be able to move?

38 Cartilaginous Joint: the joint space is covered in dense connective tissue In males this may shift slightly at times. In females this joint is vital to provide room during vaginal childbirth.

39 Activity Complete the Meeting at the Joint worksheet. Complete cutting out your skeleton. Identify and label the bones of your skeleton. We will place our skeletons on the bulletin board and then label the joints.

40 Simon Says Review game!! Which one doesn t belong! (Quiz)

41 Extended Learning!?!? Research the carpals and tarsals. They each have specific names. What are they? Label each on the hand and foot.

42 Bellwork: Page 316 Draw and describe the following conditions related to the spine: Kyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis

43 Directed Reading Activity In your group of three choose one of the following directed reading from the website: Care Considerations with Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries Total Knee Replacement and Imaging Computed Tomography of Facial Fractures Each person in your group will choose a different directed reading. You may not do the same one. After you answer the questions, then go to the Extended Learning Assignments tab on the class website. Complete the task for the corresponding professional journal.